ABSTRACT
Superalloy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 9.7.4 Effect of Copper in Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) Aluminum Alloys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 9.7.5 Dodecahedral Structures in Quasi-Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
9.8 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 Appendices for Chapter 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
A.9.1 Bravis Lattices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 A.9.2 Crystallographic Formula Interplanar Spacings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 A.9.3 Standard Spot Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
In 1925, Louis de Broglie theorized that electrons had wave-like properties [1]. He further theorized that these electrons would have a wavelength substantially smaller than that of light. Two groups working independently, Davisson and Germer [2] and Thompson and Reid [3], demonstrated the wave-like characteristics of electrons. During this time, Busch (1927) discovered that a rotationally symmetric inhomogeneous magnetic field could be used as a lens for an electron beam.
