ABSTRACT
For purposes of this chapter, sampling for ERAs encompasses environmental sampling and ecological sampling. Chapter 12 describes environmental sampling design, or the collection of samples mainly for chemical analysis. Many items discussed there apply to ecological samples, in particular the discussion of statistics. While environmental sampling deals with concerns such as chemical concentrations in soils, animals, or plants, ecological sampling is concerned with shifts in species composition or alleged disappearance of species caused by chemical or physical impacts.
