ABSTRACT
The surfactant/foam technology involves the injection and extraction of a surfactant solution into the subsurface to solubilize and mobilize nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL). The processes are enhanced by the injection of air into the injection wells once surfactant is present in the formation to create foam
in situ
. Air injection occurs intermittently during the surfactant injection. The foam fills the pore spaces along the most permeable flow paths, thereby diverting the flow of surfactant to the less permeable flow paths. Without the foam, the surfactant would contact the less permeable zones at a much slower rate, if at all. This section summarizes the laboratory studies and field pilotscale demonstration. More details on the studies can be found in Part I.
