ABSTRACT
The classical mechanics, founded on Newton’s laws, forms a cornerstone for a variety of fields especially physics and engineering. Elementary studies focus on the force and vector quantities. A conceptually simpler approach formulates the dynamics in terms of energy. The principle of least action provides Lagrange’s and Hamilton’s equations that substitute for Newton’s laws and describe the motion of a particle or system. The quantum theory modifies a number of physical assumptions and again poses the dynamics in terms of a Hamiltonian. In fact, the quantum mechanical Hamiltonian comes from the classical one by substituting operators for the classical dynamical variables.
