ABSTRACT
Hydrochloride ................................................................................ 201 8.2.2 Production of Glucosamine ........................................................... 201
8.2.2.1 Biological Processes for Producing Glucosamine ........... 201 8.2.2.2 Chemical Processes for Producing Glucosamine ............ 202 8.2.2.3 Standard Industrial Process for Producing
Glucosamine ................................................................... 203 8.2.3 Production of Glucosamine Sulfate Mixed Salts .......................... 205 8.2.4 Current Manufacturing of Glucosamine in North America
and Japan ....................................................................................... 205 8.3 Biology of Glucosamine ........................................................................... 206
8.3.1 Biochemistry and Pharmacokinetics of Glucosamine .................. 206 8.3.2 Effects on Cartilage Rebuilding .................................................... 207
8.3.2.1 Preclinical Studies ........................................................... 207 8.3.2.2 Clinical Studies ................................................................ 208
8.3.3 Glucosamine versus Ibuprofen .......................................................211 8.3.4 Glucosamine Formulations ............................................................ 212 8.3.5 Glucosamine and Insulin Resistance ............................................. 215 8.3.6 Glucosamine Hydrochloride versus Glucosamine Sulfate ............ 215
8.4 Summary ...................................................................................................216 References ..........................................................................................................219
