ABSTRACT

Abstract ..................................................................................................................228 11.1 Introduction ................................................................................................228 11.2 Structure, Stability, Dynamics and Conformational Changes

of Rhodopsin..............................................................................................230 11.2.1 Early Magnetic Resonance Studies of Chromophore and

Protein-Lipid Interactions ...........................................................230 11.2.2 Advent of Recombinant Expression and Purification

Technology...................................................................................231 11.2.3 Rhodopsin Structure via Cysteine Mutagenesis Followed by

Biochemical and Biophysical Analyses ......................................232 11.2.3.1 Cysteine Reactivity as Qualitative Indicator for

Structure .......................................................................233 11.2.3.2 Distance Constraints by Rates of Disulfide Bond

Formation .....................................................................235 11.2.3.3 Mobility, Accessibility, and Distance Constraints via

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy........235 11.2.4 Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Applications

to Rhodopsin................................................................................237 11.2.4.1 Chromophore Structure and Schiff Base Linkage ......237 11.2.4.2 Other Tertiary Interactions...........................................238