ABSTRACT
The element management system interacts with network elements in its lower layer and network management system in its upper layer based on a TMN model. Proprietary protocols were initially used for the interaction between the EMS and the network elements. There was a requirement to have the same EMS used by multiple elements. Standard protocols were introduced to define the interactions of EMS with the network element. At the end of this chapter you will have an understanding of the protocols commonly used for interaction between EMS and NE.
