ABSTRACT
Now that the book has covered the fundamentals of environmental toxicology, toxicity testing, data analysis, and the fate and transport of chemicals, it is time to examine in detail the toxicological e–ects of chemicals. ˆis chapter details damage at several levels. Damage can occur at the system level, but many of the e–ects are initiated at the molecular scale. ˆis chapter presents several modes of action and the molecular basis for the interaction between the xenobiotic and the a–ected molecular receptor.
