ABSTRACT
This chapter describes the more common superficial and mucosal fungal infections, with an emphasis on clinical and laboratory diagnosis. Superficial and mucosal fungal infections are among the most common infections in man, and are caused by a variety of dermatophytes, Candida spp., and less commonly, other fungi. These infections occur in all age groups and are recognized among both normal and immunocompromised hosts. Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is a superficial infection of the oral mucosa that is most prevalent in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. Among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, up to 90% will develop OPC at some stage of their disease in the absence of antiretroviral therapy or antifungal prophylaxis. Physical findings associated with OPC are easily recognized, but may be insufficient to allow for a reliable diagnosis. Intertrigo is one of the most common skin infections associated with Candida spp., affecting areas where skin sites are in close proximity or apposition in the context of a moist environment.
