Hearing Loss

of good hearing can hardly be overestimated, it has not been

of comparison, a ratio, between two sound pressures. In of measurement with an absolute value, such as an inch or a of the decibel is based on the pressure of one sound or reference of another sound is compared. Thus, a sound of 60 dB is

of these filters allows one to approximate the of a given noise over the audible spectrum (Figs. 2.11 and 2.12). of a noise can be approximated by comparing the of the of noise-

of a Hearing Loss 20

of Testing

or on the teeth,

or even by all otologists. Some schools and of money. of hearing testing and is interested in optimal results, 9.2. Tests for Ambient Noise or not a room is satisfactory for testing

of instruments. of the instrument should not be taken for granted following a factory REFERENCE

of last response. The objective is to

of time, except in situations of the tone. of the threshold testing. Taking too long to do an

l. The Difference Between Audiometric Threshold Levels and Discrimination

if he does not hear it, whenever some advantage or remuneration is at stake, such as obtain- 7. TESTING FOR AUDITORY TONE DECAY of damage in the inner ear, abnormal tone of pressure on or damage to the audi-

of the outer hair cells such as noise-induced hearing loss, of OAE's may be clinically useful in monitoring

Mark T. Agrama Robert T. Sataloff

OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS of the basilar membrane generated by of ECOG and ABR, OAEs of the outer hair

10. TREACHER COLLINS SYNDROME of congenital aplasia is so distinctive that it warrants separate consideration. In

or by if the rupture was caused by a force severe enough to impair the ossicular chain, but >30 dB and involves almost all frequencies. Figure 9.12 shows an of hearing loss caused by a ruptured eardrum. 25. SPARK IN THE EARDRUM In industry a spark may hit the eardrum and have a severe effect on hearing. Figure 9.13

LIMITED INFORMATION of some cases is not known. It is difficult

of neural deafness of long standing, because many sensory hearing

of an acoustic of nerve deafness per se; but if present, it is likely to be

of hearing response, both subjective and objective, is necessary, Li (33) treated patients who had failed to respond

of the rash of rubella is from of the disease in children. Rubella may cause lymph node enlargement

of the

of Hearing Loss

of the tinnitus of tension and stress

of tinnitus, such as earwax impacted against an

Temporal Bone Mikhail Vaysberg Robert Sataloff

and grafted. The zygoma and ascending ramus of mandibular are transected and removed. The posterior infratemporal space is inspected. Total parotidectomy, facial nerve transection, and radical neck dissection are performed. The facial nerve distal stump is tagged for future anastomosis procedures. Subtemporal craniotomy is performed to isolate the internal auditory canal. It is accessed and CN VII and CN VIII

of the patients will present within 24 months after initial surgery. The average of presentation is 4- of patients will succumb to SCCA within 18 months from the time of the diagnosis.

Brian A. Neff Robert T. Sataloff

It is thought that MFH arises from a primitive mesenchymal cell of patients; however, neck dissection is not suggested of clinically positive nodes {54,55).

of seven children died of distant metastatic disease (56). Nakayama et al. (54) of head and neck MFH which involved bone was of their treatment philosophy. They suggested that postoperative chemo-

of the essential nutrients (46) (cysteine, methionine, arginine, of viruses such as HIV by inactivating

18. INFLAMMATION: ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY RESULTING IN IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION of the most pervasive causes of disease and disability. Treatment of inflammation is provided by anti-inflammatory medications that fall into two major

of AIDS to increase GSH

Robert T. Sataloff and Joseph Sataloff of hearing loss, associated symp- of the common and

I. Childhood cataracts and early death due to cranial and spinal menin- giomas and schwannomas. 2. Average age of presentation 14 years, > 70% incidence of meningiomas.