ABSTRACT
Immunological computation (IC) techniques (or artifi cial immune systems) have been used as a problem solver in a wide range of domains such as optimization, classifi cation, clustering, anomaly detection, machine learning, adaptive control, and associative memories. Th ey have also been used in conjunction with other methods (hybridized) such as genetic algorithms (GAs), neural networks, fuzzy logic, and swarm intelligence. IC includes real-world applications of computer security, fraud detection, robotics, fault detection, data mining, text mining, image and pattern recognition, bioinformatics, games, scheduling, etc.
