ABSTRACT
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis typically develops in severely immunocompromised individuals. CMV retinal infection was extremely rare until the early 1980s when its incidence rose rapidly due to its occurrence in immunosuppressed patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Highly active antiretroviral therapy, also known as highly active antiretroviral therapy, refers to a combination of medications to treat human immunodeficiency virus infection including protease inhibitors and/or nucleoside analogues. The presence of symptoms may be related to the location of affected retina, and posterior pole CMV retinitis often produces more symptoms than peripherally located disease. Treatment for CMV retinitis and systemic CMV infection has markedly improved over the last decade. Ganciclovir is an acyclic nucleoside that is a cogener of acyclovir, but it is between 10 and 100 times more effective against CMV. Because of the potential for severe toxicity associated with systemic anti-CMV agents and inconvenient intravenous administration that carries a risk of sepsis, new local treatment options have been developed.
