ABSTRACT
C. Material Transfer The transfer of material from mixing tanks or holding tanks to processing equipment or to a filling line, whether by pumping or by gravity feed, is potentially problematic. Instability (chemical or physical) or further processing (e.g., mixing, changes in the particle size distribution) may occur during the transfer of material (by pouring or pumping) from one container or vessel to another due to changes in the rate of transfer or in shear rate or shear stress. While scale-up-related changes in the velocity profiles of time-independent Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids due to changes in flow rate or in equipment dimensions or geometry can be accounted for (see "Suppository Development and Production," in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Disperse Systems, 2nd Ed., vol. 2, pp. 464-465), time-dependency must first be recognized in order to be accomodated.
