ABSTRACT
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are the drug substances generally
produced by chemical synthesis or chemical manipulation of materials derived
from biological origins. The most important trend in APIs is that these materials are
becoming more potent or more specific in their biological target. Another trend has
been the design of facilities for multiproduct or multipurpose production. These
two trends have ignited interest in incorporating the concept of clean-in-place (CIP)
technology into bulk API facilities.
