ABSTRACT
This chapter demonstrates that macroscopic effects can be claried from the perspective of nanoproperties and microscopic phenomena by evaluating quantitatively and qualitatively the mechanical/frictional/structural properties on a nanometer scale. A prime example is given by showing how to explain the difference in the macro-scale frictional behavior between the MoDTC/ZDDP and ZDDP tribolms originating from the MoDTC and ZDDP surfactants, which are well-used engine oil additives in automotive eld. The primary emphasis is on how to combine nanoprobing techniques such as AFM phase image method, nanoindentation and nanoscratch methods with beam-based analytical methods such as AES and XPS to determine the nanometer-scale controlling factors involved in reducing friction.
