ABSTRACT
The minimum requirements in various codes are often insufficient to ensure longterm durability of reinforced concrete in severe exposures, such as those found in marine splash zones, bridges, and parking structures where de-icing salts are applied. In addition, some newer structures (such as commercial buildings and condominiums) built in marine areas, but not in splash zones, are experiencing corrosion problems due to airborne chlorides. Furthermore, marine structures in the warmer climates prevalent in the Middle East, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Florida, etc. are especially vulnerable due to the high temperatures, which increase not only the rate of chloride ingress, but also the corrosion rate once the process is initiated. In this chapter, a brief description of supplemental corrosion protection measures is given for structures especially at risk. Good-quality concrete as described in the next chapters is considered the primary protection method, but various combinations of this with supplements are necessary to reach the desired design life of the structure.
