ABSTRACT
Hydraulic ¨uids can be steam, gas, water, oil, or many other ¨uid materials. ˜ese hydraulic ¨uids are used in countless industrial and commercial applications that might range from a large, high-pressure hydraulic press of a forge to sophisticated aerospace, tight tolerance robotics. From large to small, the same hydraulic principals apply: the conversion of mechanical energy to ¨uid energy and then back to mechanical energy. Hydraulic systems can be designed to
• Transfer force • Control speed • Control motion
A hydraulic ¨uid will support these design purposes as well as provide rust and wear protection over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. Specialized hydraulic ¨uids may support Ÿre resistance, environmental, or energy-e²ciency concerns.
