ABSTRACT
The network layer is designed to provide interconnection between multiple networks and to allow devices to connect to networks [1, 2]. There have been several network layer standards developed over the years, and these standards can be categorized into two types. The first type is used to connect a device to a network that is responsible for the end-to-end transfer of data. This end-to-end network is often a closed network that is maintained by a single organization, like a telephonebased network. This type of network is called a network access protocol network. The second type of network layer protocol is called an internetwork protocol [35]. This is where the same network layer protocol is part of every device within the network. Figure 6.1 shows the difference between the two.
