ABSTRACT
As the world population grows and its natural resources diminish, the concept of waste is changing. Generally waste is considered as those chemicals and materials that are either used and discarded or those that are perceived to have little direct use potential for human or animal needs. Currently, the preferred mode is to recycle and reuse waste or discard it in landlls. Not all materials are recyclable or can be reused without further treatment or conversion. The new concepts of Enhanced Waste Management (EWM) and Enhanced Landll Mining (ELFM) put landlling of waste in a sustainable context [1, 2]. In these new concepts, a landll is no longer considered as a nal solution but a temporary storage place before the stored waste is reused through an appropriate conversion process [3]. Thus, ELFM offers an opportunity to select an appropriate path for the conversion of waste into either materials (waste to product, WtP) or energy (waste to energy, WtE) and thereby reuse all waste to the extent new technologies and environmental regulations allow. The success of these new concepts depends not only on the technological improvements and breakthroughs but also on a multitude of socioeconomic barriers such as regulations, social acceptance, economic uncertainty, and feasibility of a particular technology in the given environment which prevents the emissions of CO2 and pollutants [2].
