ABSTRACT
CONTENTS 14.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 269 14.2 Applications of City Models ................................................................. 271 14.3 Techniques for 3D City Modeling........................................................ 273 14.4 CyberCity Modeler ................................................................................. 275 14.5 Extensions to CC-Modeler .................................................................... 279
14.5.1 Geometrical Regularization..................................................... 280 14.5.1.1 Automatic Regularization by Least-Squares
Adjustment................................................................ 280 14.5.1.2 Regularization by CAD Editing............................. 280
14.5.2 Topology Adjustment............................................................... 281 14.5.3 Building Facade Integration.................................................... 282
14.6 Attribute Information and Connection to GIS ................................... 284 14.7 Texture Mapping and Visualization=Simulation .............................. 285 14.8 Generation of 3D City Models from Linear Array CCD Aerial
Cameras.................................................................................................... 286 14.8.1 Application Software Development....................................... 287 14.8.2 3D City Modeling with TLS=SI-200 Images
and CyberCity Modeler ........................................................... 288 14.8.3 Examples .................................................................................... 290
14.8.3.1 Yokohama City ......................................................... 290 14.8.3.2 Ginza, Tokyo............................................................. 292
14.9 Conclusions.............................................................................................. 293 References ........................................................................................................... 294
Site recording and modeling have been important topics in photogrammetry from its very beginning in the middle of the nineteenth century. Since then technologies have changed several times fundamentally. Today
the issue of full automation of all processes involved has led to widespread research activities in both the photogrammetry and the computer vision communities. However, progress is slow and the pressing need to produce precise, reliable, and complete datasets within reasonable time has had scientists and developers turn toward semiautomated approaches. While the tasks may differ in terms of required resolution (level of detail) of models, type of product (vector model, hybrid model, including mapped texture, attributed model with integrated thematic information), size of dataset, sensor platform (satellite, aerial, terrestrial), and sensor and data type (images in various forms, laser scans, scanned maps, etc.), one common problem remains in all cases and that is the automated extraction of objects from images. A typical example is the task of automated building detection and reconstruction, which is difficult for many reasons.
