ABSTRACT
Introduction .......................................................................................................178 Regulation of Reversible Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Insulin
Signaling by Tyrosine Phosphatases .......................................................178 ROS as Second Messengers for Cellular Tyrosine Kinase Signaling .............179 Novel Regulatory Paradigm: PTPs Are Thiol-Dependent Enzymes
Regulated by Cellular ROS.....................................................................180 Generation of H
O
by Cellular Insulin Stimulation .......................................181 Insulin-Stimulated H
O
Generation Negatively Regulates PTP1B ................182 Dynamics of Receptor-Induced ROS, PTP Inhibition, and
Signal Transduction .................................................................................183 Identification of the NADPH Oxidase Homolog Nox4 as a Potential
Mediator of Insulin-Stimulated ROS ......................................................184 Regulation of Nox4 Signaling in Insulin Action Cascade...............................184 Potential Role of Rac in Insulin-Stimulated H
O
and PTP Regulation .........185 G
α
i2.........................................................................................................185 Novel Targets of Insulin-Stimulated ROS That May Potentially
Influence Insulin Action ..........................................................................186 Summary ...........................................................................................................186 Acknowledgment...............................................................................................187 References .........................................................................................................187
Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS; superoxide and H
