ABSTRACT
In this review, we will present a summary of various amplication techniques for analysis of biological molecules (species), which use optical detection, in some form, as the endpoint. e analyte species that could be considered include lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids (and combinations of the same such as glycolipids and glycoproteins) but this review will be restricted to proteins and nucleic acids. Of course, detection strategies are manifold for both proteins and nucleic acids, but the dening restriction for this review is that amplication be involved. We therefore have limited our purview to immunoassays and nucleic acid techniques employing amplication along with brief overviews of applications of nanomaterials and conjugated polymers (CPs), which also employ amplication as a part of the analytical process.
