ABSTRACT
With rising energy cost and the pressing need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change, industrial processes involving combustion of fossil fuels are facing fundamental changes. Unconventional ring like oxy-ring is being seriously considered to generate exhaust streams high in CO2 concentration to facilitate potential capture and storage technologies. The CO2
neutral biofuels are viewed as options for usage even in large industrial processes (e.g., blast furnaces in steelmaking). Utilization of other opportunity fuels (e.g., petroleum coke) is desired to replace or blend with conventional fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas to reduce production costs and undesirable emissions simultaneously for economic and environmental reasons. These attempts involve unconventional burning of fuels and may require systematic changes to the design and operation of combustion equipment like burners, reboxes, furnaces, and combustors.
