ABSTRACT
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 670 The Safety Chain: A Model for Policy Making and Evaluation ............................ 670
Mitigating Measures: Risk Management .......................................................... 671 Preparation and Response: Crisis Management ................................................ 671 Recovery............................................................................................................ 672
Chemical Hazards and Environmental Emergencies ............................................. 672 Direct Impact and Long-Term Impact ............................................................... 673 Main Factors that Determine the Impact of a Disaster ..................................... 673
Exposure Route ............................................................................................ 674 Environmental Emergencies and Response ........................................................... 675
Assessment and Detection................................................................................. 675 Expertise ............................................................................................................ 675 Environmental Emergencies: A Closer Look .................................................... 676
Classic Environmental Emergencies ............................................................ 677 Natural Disasters .......................................................................................... 677 Complex Emergencies .................................................................................. 677
International Instruments and Models for Environmental Emergency Response ............................................................................................. 677
Requests for International Support.................................................................... 677 International Coordination of Environmental Emergencies .............................. 678
Joint Environment Unit ............................................................................... 678 European Commission: Monitoring and Information Centre....................... 679
International Practices and Environmental Assistance ...................................... 679 Hazard Identižcation Tool ............................................................................680 Flash Environmental Assessment Tool .........................................................680 Environmental Assessment Module ............................................................. 681 Back Ofžce Support by Experts ................................................................... 681
There is a great variety of disasters. The fact is that all of them have negative impacts on various elements of the environment and can have devastating primary or secondary humanitarian impacts. More generally speaking in terms of providing environmental assistance to countries in disaster situations, it can be stated that “humanitarian aid includes environmental assistance.”
