ABSTRACT
Graph containers do exist in engineering designed information and telecommunication networks and in biological and neural systems. See [3,164] and their references. The study of w-container, w-wide distance, and their w∗-versions plays a pivotal role in design and implementation of parallel routing and efficient information transmission in large-scale networking systems. In biological informatics and neuroinformatics, the existence and structure of a w∗-container signifies the cascade effect in the signal transduction system and the reaction in a metabolic pathway.
