ABSTRACT
Chromatogram Development ................................................................................................ 189 9.2.1 Modern Chambers for TLC ....................................................................................... 189
9.2.1.1 Conventional Chambers (N-Chambers) ...................................................... 189 9.2.1.2 Horizontal Chambers for Linear Development ........................................... 191 9.2.1.3 Horizontal Chambers for Radial (Circular and Anticircular)
Development ................................................................................................ 192 9.2.1.4 Automatic Chambers ................................................................................... 193
9.2.2 Sample Application ................................................................................................... 195 9.2.2.1 Sample Application in Analytical Thin-Layer Chromatography ............... 196 9.2.2.2 Sample Application in Preparative Layer Chromatography ....................... 196
9.2.3 Chromatogram Development .................................................................................... 197 9.2.3.1 Mobile Phases Applied in TLC................................................................... 197 9.2.3.2 Solvent Properties and Classi cation.......................................................... 201 9.2.3.3 Optimization of the Mobile-Phase Composition ........................................206
