ABSTRACT
Liposome Immunoanalysis ................................................. 523 19.3.3 Homogeneous Immunoassays .............................................................. 524
19.4 Affinity Extraction............................................................................................... 526 19.4.1 General Principles................................................................................. 526 19.4.2 Sample Pretreatment by Off-Line Affinity Extraction......................... 527 19.4.3 Environmental Testing by On-Line Affinity Extraction and HPLC......527 19.4.4 Analysis of Degradation Products by On-Line Affinity Extraction ......529 19.4.5 On-Line Affinity Extraction and Field-Portable Systems.................... 531 19.4.6 On-Line Affinity Extraction with Other Methods................................ 532
19.5 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ........................................................................ 534 19.6 Studies of Molecular Interactions ....................................................................... 535 19.7 Affinity Biosensors.............................................................................................. 537 19.8 Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis ...................................................................... 538 19.9 Summary and Conclusions.................................................................................. 539 Symbols and Abbreviations ............................................................................................ 540 References ....................................................................................................................... 540
19.1 INTRODUCTION
As awareness grows of the effects of even ultratrace contamination in the environment, there is an increasing demand for better analytical methods for studying environmental samples. For instance, new regulations by agencies in North America [1] and Europe [2] have forced laboratories to adopt methods with lower limits of detection, greater specificity, and higher precision for agents of environmental interest.
