ABSTRACT
Note: The practice and study of water hydraulics are not new. Even in medieval times, water hydraulics was not new, as “Medieval Europe had inherited a highly developed range of Roman hydraulic components” (Magnusson, 2001). The basic conveyance technology, based on low-pressure systems of pipe and channels, had already been established. In studying “modern” water hydraulics, it is important to remember that the science of water hydraulics is the direct result of two immediate and enduring problems: “the acquisition of freshwater and access to continuous strip of land with a suitable gradient between the source and the destination” (Magnusson, 2001).
