ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an overview of the effect of jet fuels and the role of surrogate chemicals in jet fuels on skin irritation, and sensitization effects. In general, chemically induced skin irritation can be divided into three basic subtypes: acute skin irritation, cumulative skin irritation, and delayed acute skin irritation. We have done extensive work in our laboratory on the evaluation of skin irritation of jet fuels using various biophysical methods. Several biophysical and biochemical methods are used to determine skin irritation caused by jet fuels. It is generally difficult to distinguish if the skin irritation is of the immunogenic or non-immunogenic type because the type and release of the biomarker pattern are the same in both cases. Few studies have used microdialysis to assess the release of neuropeptides and inflammatory cytokines in dermal neurogenic inflammation. Dermal exposure of Jet Propulsion Fuel-8 in mice either multiple small exposures or a single large dose induced immune suppression.
