ABSTRACT
Growth is the process by which cells increase in number, size, and functional capacity, and individual systems and organs differentiate, enlarge, and mature operationally for the purpose of achieving maximal somatic size and optimal function in keeping with the ‘‘genetic’’ or ‘‘intrinsic’’ potential of the individual and species. The unusually tall and rapidly growing child and adolescent may be one who is manifesting his or her endogenous genetic potential for growth, is achieving his or her growth capacity at an earlier than usual age, or is displaying the effect of a genetic error or hormonal-secretory abnormality (Table 1) (1). The study of childrenwith overgrowth syndromes is important not only for the evaluation, diagnosis, and clinical management of the affected patient and family, but also for the insight into the regulation of normal growth that derives from identifying the primary pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for these aberrations. Before considering the various causes of tall stature and their management, we will review genetic and hormonal factors that regulate normal growth of the fetus, infant, child, and adolescent.
