ABSTRACT
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an episode of focal neurologic dysfunction caused by ischemia. The clinical symptoms usually last less than 1 hour, and there is no evidence of acute infarction. A minor stroke is defined as persistent neurologic deficit that is not disabling. The characteristic temporal profile of a TIA or stroke is sudden onset of neurologic signs or symptoms, with maximal deficit occurring within seconds or a few minutes after onset. Vascular injury to the nervous system presents suddenly, and patients can report the exact time of onset unless they awaken with the symptoms or if language or consciousness is involved. TIAs are focal events, and the symptoms and signs of neurologic deficit should correspond to a known vascular distribution (Fig. 11.1 and 11.2). Patients with TIAs are at risk for developing a disabling stroke; it has been estimated that between 10% and 20% will have such a stroke within 90 days after a TIA. The specific risk can vary depending on the mechanism of the ischemic event. Evaluation and intervention need to be initiated immediately.
