ABSTRACT
The decisive parameter of fatty acid composition is mainly the balance of saturated and monounsaturated acids on the one side and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the other. However, fatty acid chain length is also important because of the effects of short and medium chain fatty acids on inflammatory and metabolic processes as reviewed elsewhere (Kles and Chang 2006; Nagao and Yanagita 2008). PUFAs, particularly of the n-3 series (often called omega-3 fatty acids) from marine
11.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 189 11.2 Dietary Fatty Acid Effects on Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk .............. 192
11.2.1 Obesity .............................................................................................. 192 11.2.2 Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes ........................................... 193 11.2.3 Lipid Metabolism and Cardiometabolic Risk ................................... 194
11.3 Dietary Fatty Acid Effects on Adipose Tissue Inflammation ...................... 195 11.4 Mechanisms of PUFA Action on Adipose Tissue Inflammation ................. 196
11.4.1 Reduction of AT Macrophage Numbers ........................................... 196 11.4.2 Alteration of Macrophage Signal Transduction ................................ 196 11.4.3 Eicosanoids ....................................................................................... 197 11.4.4 PPARγ Activation in AT Macrophages............................................. 198 11.4.5 Induction of Adiponectin .................................................................. 198
11.5 Summary and Conclusions ........................................................................... 199 References ..............................................................................................................200
