ABSTRACT

The soliton was discovered by J S Russel, in hydrodynamics (1834). In 1964, Zabusky and Kruskal introduced the word soliton. Then, it was demonstrated that solitons could be present in all wave physics, including optics. In 1973, Hasegawa and Tappert showed theoretically that an optical pulse can form an envelope soliton in an optical fibre, and in 1980 Mollenauer demonstrated the effect experimentally [10.1, 10.2]. Optical solitons are studied intensely due to the distortion-less transmission in ultra-fast communication systems and to the many interesting nonlinear applications in information optics.