ABSTRACT
Dose calculations were completed for simple shapes such as right circular cylinders as well as models for specific organs such as the thyroid gland and the total body. A phantom is a mathematical model designed to represent an organ or tissue of the body, an organ system or perhaps the entire body. Stylized mathematical models of human anatomy provide a relatively efficient geometry for use with Monte Carlo radiation transport codes. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in 1980 developed a new series of stylized models of various ages. The development of nuclear medicine imaging and therapy has resulted in the need for more accurate dosimetry in regions that either were not represented or were misrepresented in the Medical Internal Radiation Dose and ORNL stylized phantoms. To support the dosimetry in therapeutic nuclear medicine, simple tumour models also have been introduced in stylized phantoms.
