ABSTRACT
A. INTRODUCTION Bioptics is the combination of two refractive procedures: (1) an intraocular procedure, especially a phakic intraocular lens (ph-IOL) implantation, and (2) a corneal procedure such as laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation, or, in the near future, intracorneal lens implantation. The primary goal is to correct high degrees of refractive errors within safe limits and with the best quality of vision.
