ABSTRACT
Advances in VLSI technology will soon enable us to place more than a billion transistors on a single chip. Given this available chip real estate, new computer architectures have been proposed to take advantage of this abundance of transistors. The two main approaches that have been used successfully to improve performance are:
1. increasing the clock rate, and
2. exploiting the available instruction-level parallelism through pipelining, out-of-order execution, and multithreading.
