ABSTRACT
In modern probability theory the mathematical model of random phenomena is represented by a probability space (;A; P ), where is the set which denotes the entirety of possible outcomes of the random phenomena, P (B) is the probability assigned to the outcome belonging to a subset B of and A is the collection of subsets which consists of all B on which P (B) are de¯ned. All the concepts related to probability are mathematically described based on this probability space. The probability space is mathematically a measure space. Although we provide a concise description of the measure theory and the integral calculus in the Appendix, readers who are interested in detail may refer to, e.g., Ash and Dol¶eans-Dade (2000).
