PALMAR OR PLANTAR NODULES

Alcoholic liver disease Chronic radiation dermatitis Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome JAAD 23:1063-1069, 1990

Arterial puncture – acral livedo Chilblains JAAD 23:257-262, 1990 Chronic radiation dermatitis Cold erythema JAMA 180:639-42, 1962 Delayed pressure urticaria Frostbite – recovery phase JAAD 23:166, 1990 Heat exposure Urticaria – traumatic plantar urticaria JAAD 18:144-146, 1988 Vibratory urticaria

Acrocyanosis Acrocyanosis with atrophy AD 124:263-268, 1988 Arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular disease JAAD 50:456-460, 2004 Arteriovenous fistula Clin Nephrol 36:158, 1991 Cholesterol emboli Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (plantar erythema) Erythrocyanosis Erythromelalgia – associations include essential thrombocythemia, polycythermia vera, diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, frostbite, colon cancer, gout, calcium channel blockers, bromocriptine BJD 153:174-177, 2005; JAAD 50:456-460, 2004; all types exacerbated by warmth; may affect one finger or toe; ischemic necrosis JAAD 22:107-111, 1990; primary (idiopathic) – lower legs, no ischemia JAAD 21:1128-1130, 1989; secondary to peripheral vascular disease JAAD 43:841-847, 2000; AD 136:330-336, 2000; following influenza vaccine Clin Exp Rheumatol 15:111-113, 1997; erythromelalgia with thrombocythemia JAAD 24:59-63, 1991 Fat emboli Hemangioma Henoch-Schönlein purpura Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome Pigmented purpuric eruption Polyarteritis Polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia – acral ischemia Port wine stain Raynaud’s disease – hyperperfusion phase Recurrent cutaneous eosinophilic vasculitis BJD 149:901-902, 2003 Thromboangiitis obliterans Urticarial vasculitis Vascular malformation Vasculitis – leukocytoclastic, other Venous gangrene – plantar erythema AD 123:933-936, 1987 Venous stasis

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome – plantar blue nodules Callosities – occupational (carpenters, live chicken hangers, frictional) Contact Derm 17:13-16, 1987 Cellulitis – plantar nodule Ped Derm 15:97-102, 1998 Cutaneous fibroma Delayed pressure urticaria – nodules of soles Rook p.2130, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 29:954-958, 1993 Dupuytren’s contracture (palmar fibromatosis) – starts as palmar nodule Am J Surg Pathol 1:255-270, 1977 Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma – toes, fingers, palms and soles – skin-colored to blue Cutis 71:449-455, 2003; JAAD 47:429-435, 2002; Ped Derm 13:139-142, 1996; JAAD 37:523-549, 1997; Ped Derm 14:401-402, 1997; Ped Derm 18:117-119, 2001; Ped Derm 14:401-402, 1997; skin-colored nodule with blue papules JAAD 41:109-111, 1999 Eccrine poroma – plantar red nodule Caputo p.72-73, 2000; Rook p.1706-1707, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 74:511-521, 1956; digital papule AD 74:511-512, 1956 Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Epithelioid neurofibroma Epithelioid sarcoma – nodule of flexor finger or palm JAAD 14:893-898, 1986; AD 121:389-393, 1985; of sole Caputo p.103, 2000 Erythema multiforme Medicine 68:133-140, 1989; JAAD 8:763-765, 1983; plantar nodules Ped Derm 15:97-102, 1998 Erythema nodosum JAAD 26:259-260, 1992; JAAD 20:701-702, 1989 Fibroma of tendon sheath Fibrous hamartoma of infancy – congenital plantar nodule Ped Derm 21:506-507, 2004 Late fibrosing stage of tenosynovial giant cell tumor Foreign body granuloma – digital papule; cactus spine (Opuntia cactus) granulomas Cutis 65:290-292, 2000; sea urchin granulomas Granuloma annulare JAAD 3:217-230, 1980 Hypertrophic scar – plantar giant nodule BJD 145:1005-1007, 2001 Ledderhose’s nodules (plantar fibromatosis) JAAD 41:106-108, 1999 Lipoma – adipose plantar nodules (congenital) BJD 142:1262-1264, 2000; palmar subcutaneous lipoma Cutis 40:29-32, 1987 Maffucci’s syndrome – enchondromas, angiomas, cartilaginous nodules Rook p.2847, 1998, Sixth Edition; Dermatologic Clinics 13:73-78, 1995; JAAD 29:894-899, 1993 Migratory angioedema – plantar nodule Ped Derm 15:97-102, 1998 Mycobacterium scrofulaceum – palmar nodule AD 138:689-694, 2002 Palmoplantar eccrine neutrophilic hidradenitis (idiopathic recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis) (idiopathic plantar hidradenitis) Ped Derm 21:30-32, 2004; JAAD 47:S263-265, 2002; J Pediatr 160:189-191, 2001; J Pediatr 160:189-191, 2001; AD 134:76-79, 1998; Ped Derm 15:97-102, 1998; J Eur Acad Dermatovenereol 10:257-261, 1998; AD 131:817-820, 1995 Panniculitis – plantar nodule Ped Derm 15:97-102, 1998 Precalcaneal congenital fibrolipomatous hamartoma (pedal papules of the newborn) – plantar nodule over medial plantar

heel Ped Derm 21:655-656, 2004; Med Cut Ibero Lat Am 18:9-12, 1990 Regressing glomus tumor Reiter’s syndrome – keratoderma blenorrhagicum Rook p.2765-2766, 1998; Semin Arthritis Rheum 3:253-286, 1974 Rheumatoid arthritis – rheumatoid nodule (digital papule) JAAD 11:713-723, 1984; rheumatoid papules (rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis) JAAD 20:348-352, 1988; rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis – nodules over joints AD 133:757-760, 1997; AD 125:1105-1108, 1989 Scabies Rook p.1460, 1998, Sixth Edition; crusted (Norwegian) scabies presenting with hyperkeratotic nodules of the soles AD 134:1019-1024, 1998 Scleroatrophic syndrome of Huriez – palmar nodule, scleroatrophy of the hands BJD 137:114-118, 1997 Sclerosing perineuroma – palmar nodule, digital nodule Ped Derm 21:606-607, 2004; BJD 146:129-133, 2002 Sea urchin spine – plantar nodule Sclerotic adnexal tumor Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma – hyperkeratotic nodules of soles BJD 142:1238-1239, 2000 Traumatic neuroma Vasculitis – plantar nodule JAAD 47:S263-265, 2002; Ped Derm 15:97-102, 1998 Venous aneurysm – painful blue nodule of hand AD 140:1393-1398, 2004

JAAD 22:468-476, 1990

Discoid lupus erythematosus Mixed connective tissue disease Scleroderma – acrokeratoelastoidosis-like lesions JAAD 46:767-770, 2002; CREST syndrome – acral pits

PUVA – punctate keratoses JAAD 42:476-479, 2000

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis Mycobacterium tuberculosis – miliary tuberculosis in AIDS JAAD 23:381-385, 1990; punctate palmoplantar keratoses acuminata (papulonecrotic tuberculid) Int J Derm 8:470-471, 1982 Paracoccidioidomycosis – punctate palmoplantar keratoderma J Clin Inf Dis 23:1026-1032, 1996 Pitted keratolysis – Corynebacterium species; white hyperkeratosis with circular erosions in malodorous feet JAAD 7:787-791, 1982; Dermatophilus congolensis – due to contact with infected animals BJD 145:170-171, 2001; BJD 137:282, 1997; JAAD 7:752-757, 1982

Scabies Syphilis – secondary; minute craters surrounded by hyperkeratotic papules Rook p.1270, 1998, Sixth Edition Warts Cutis 74:173-179, 2004 Yaws – minute craters surrounded by hyperkeratotic papules (hormoguillo) Rook p.1270, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 29:519-535, 1993; palmoplantar keratoderma; primary mother yaw; papule enlarging with satellite nodules, ulcerates to form crusted lesion; secondary yaws has disseminated lesions (daughter yaws) which expand, ulcerate and weep; healing in circinate and annular patterns; painful osteoperiostitis and polydactylitis; all lesions non-scarring; tertiary yaws – destructive hyperkeratotic, nodular, plaque-like, and ulcerated lesions with deforming bone and joint lesions with prominent palmoplantar keratoderma

Nodular amyloid

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis Prurigo nodularis – increased numbers of calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P-containing nerve fibers. Sarcoid – erythroderma with keratotic spines and palmar pits BJD 95:93-97, 1976

Cystic fibrosis – transient papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma Australas J Dermatol 41:172-174, 2000 Gouty tophi Challenges in Derm 13:6-7, 1988 Tyrosinemia type II (Richner-Hanhart syndrome) Arch Int Med 145:1697-1700, 1985 Xanthoma – punctate xanthoma JAAD 22:468-476, 1990; Cutis 43:169-171, 1988

Bowen’s disease Eccrine poromas JAAD 3:43-49, 1980; AD 101:606, 1970 Eccrine syringofibroadenomatosis – dyshidrosiform lesions AD 130:933-934, 1994 Epidermal nevus, linear Keratoma plantare sulcatum Lymphoma, including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma JAAD 7:792-796, 1982 Lymphomatoid papulosis JAAD 27:627-628, 1992 Nevus comedonicus BJD 145:682-684, 2001; JAAD 12:185-188, 1985 Porokeratosis of Mantoux – crateriform lesions of palms Rook P.1575, 1998, Sixth Edition Porokeratosis of Mibelli Porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris et disseminata JAAD 21:415-418, 1989; JAAD 11:454-460, 1984 Porokeratosis punctata plantaris or palmaris – music box spicules AD 125:1715, 1989; AD 120:263-264, 1984; J Cutan Pathol 4:338-341, 1977

Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus – linear punctate pits of sole or palmoplantar papules AD 138:1309-1314, 2002; Ped Derm 15:140-142, 1998; JAAD 20:924-927, 1989; BJD 101:717-722, 1979 Proliferating trichilemmal cysts and cicatricial alopecia AD 107:435-8, 1973 Squamous cell carcinoma with arsenical keratoses Trichoepitheliomas – multiple trichoepitheliomas JAAD 22:1109-1110, 1990

Hereditary punctate keratoderma and internal malignancy (punctate keratoses of the palms and soles) – associated with lung and bladder carcinomas JAAD 22:468-476, 1990; colon cancer JAAD 10:587-591, 1984 Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma BJD 134:720-726, 1996 Punctate porokeratotic keratoderma Clin Exp Dermatol 19:139-141, 1994

Degenerative collagenous plaques of the hands

Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa Cutis 74:173-179, 2004; Ped Derm 19:320-322, 2002; JAAD 22:468-476, 1990; Acta DV 60:149-153, 1980; Dermatologica 107:164-168, 1953 Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf Benign familial pemphigus (Hailey-Hailey disease) – autosomal dominant; photo-and/or heat exacerbated; erosive intertriginous dermatitis; may have oral, esophageal or vaginal erosions AD 96:254-258, 1967; BJD 81:77, 1969 Buschke-Fischer-Brauer keratoderma (punctate palmoplantar keratoderma) (keratodermia palmo-plantaris papulosa) (keratodermia palmoplantare papuloverrucoides progressiva) (keratoma dissipatum hereditarium palmare et plantare (Brauer)) – autosomal dominant; clinical subtypes include pinhead papules, spiky filiform lesions, dense round 1-2-mm papules, clavus-like lesions, hard warty masses, cupuliform lesions, and focal translucent lesions BJD 152:874-878, 2005; JAAD 49:1166-1169, 2003; Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; BJD 128:104-105, 1993; JAAD 8:700-702, 1983; Hum Genet 60:14-19, 1982; JAAD 3:43-49, 1980 with ainhum Actas Dermosifiliogr 73:105-110, 1982 Colley-Davies PPK (punctate palmoplantar keratoderma) (palmoplantar papular keratoderma of Davies-Colley) – keratosis palmoplantaris maculosa seu papulosa Hautarzt 48:577-580, 1997; Trans Pathol Soc Lond 30:451, 1879 Darier’s disease (keratosis follicularis) – punctate or filiform palmar keratoses or pits Clin Dermatol 19:193-205, 1994; JAAD 27:40-50, 1992 Dupuytren’s contracture – presenting as palmar pits J Med 9:347-350, 1978 Dyshidrosis Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation of neck, upper trunk, arms and leg with or without keratoderma (punctate palmoplantar keratoses); cutaneous atrophy, nail dystrophy; wart-like hyperkeratotic papules of axillae, wrists, dorsae of hands, palms and soles; P25L mutation of keratin 5 JAAD 52:172-173, 2005; BJD 150:609-611, 2004; Clin Genet 15:228-238, 1979

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation with keratoderma (Dowling-Meara type) – focal punctate palmoplantar keratoderma; acral blistering, hemorrhagic bullae, dystrophic thick nails BJD 144:40-45, 2001; JID 111:893-895, 1998; Ped Derm 13:306-309, 1996; punctate keratoderma AD 122:900-908, 1986 Erythrokeratoderma variabilis Familial dyskeratotic comedones JAAD 17:808-814, 1987 Focal acral hyperkeratosis (acrokeratoelastoidosis without elastorrhexis) – autosomal dominant; crateriform papules of the sides of the hands and feet JAAD 47:448-451, 2002; AD 120:263-264, 1984; BJD 109:97-103, 1983 Hereditary painful calluses AD 114:591-592, 1978 Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (Flegel’s disease) – smaller lesions than Kyrle’s disease Hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms BJD 107:195-202, 1982 Hypopigmentation with punctate keratoderma Keratoelastoidosis marginalis of the hands – hyperkeratotic papules of hands in elderly Dermatologica 131:169-175, 1954 Keratodermia maculosa disseminata symmetrica palmaris et plantaris (punctate keratoderma) Keratosis palmoplantaris papulosa seu maculosa (punctate keratoderma) Keratoma plantare sulcatum Keratosis punctata et plantaris Acta DV 56:105-110, 1976 Knuckle pads with palmoplantar keratoderma and acrokeratoelastoidosis Kyrle’s disease Lichen nitidus – palmar hyperkeratosis Clin Exp Dermatol 18:381-383, 1993; minute papules AD 104:538-540, 1971 Lichen planus AD 140:1275-1280, 2004; Int J Dermatol 25:592-593, 1986 Mal de Meleda – pits within PPK Cutis 56:235-238, 1995 Marginal papular keratodermas Ped Derm 19:320-322, 2002

Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa Ped Derm 19:320-322, 2002; JAAD 22:468-476, 1990; Acta DV 60:149-153, 1980; Dermatologica 107:164-168, 1953 Focal acral hyperkeratosis Degenerative collagenous plaques of the hands Keratoelastoidosis marginalis of the hands Palmar xanthomas Flat warts Porokeratosis Mosaic acral keratosis

Multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis (music box spicules) BJD 121:239-242, 1989; JAAD 18:431-436, 1988; spiny keratoderma Cutis 74:173-179, 2004; JAAD 26:879-881, 1992 Palmoplantar keratoderma – circumscriptum Palmoplantar keratoderma of the punctate type (keratosis palmoplantaris varians et punctata) (familial punctate keratoderma) BJD 145:682-684, 2001; Hautarzt 47:858-859, 1996; JAAD 18:75-86, 1988 Pitted palmoplantar keratoderma in palmar creases (keratosis punctata of palmar creases of black patients) – racial variant Cutis 74:173-179, 2004; JAAD 22:468-70, 1990; Cutis 33:394-396, 1984 Prurigo nodularis Psoriasis Punctate porokeratotic keratoderma (punctate porokeratosis of the palms and soles) – punctate pits and keratotic papules of hands Acta DV 70:478-482, 1990; AD 125:816-819, 1989;

AD 124:1678-1682, 1988; JAAD 13:908-912, 1985; AD 120:263-264, 1984; AD 104:682-683, 1971 Reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura (milia-like keratotic papules) – palmar pits AD 139:657-662, 2003; JAAD 37:884-886, 1997; J Dermatol 27:745-747, 2000; JAAD 40:462-467, 1999; BJD 109:105-110, 1983

Alopecia-onychodysplasia-hypohidrosis-deafness syndrome (ectodermal dysplasia) Basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome (generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome) – autosomal dominant; multiple skin-colored, red, and hyperpigmented papules of the face, neck, chest, back, proximal extremities, and eyelids; syndrome includes milia-like cysts (trichilemmal cysts), comedone-like lesions, sparse scalp hair, palmar pits, and parallel bands of papules of the neck (zebra stripes), dermatosis papulosa nigra, skin tag-like lesions, hypotrichosis JAAD 49:698-705,

2003; BJD 146:1068-1070, 2002; JAAD 45:644-645, 2001; BJD 143:1103-1105, 2000; AD 107:435-438, 1973; JAAD 43:189-206, 2000 Cole’s disease – hypopigmentation with punctate keratoses of the palms and soles Ped Derm 19:302-306, 2002; JID 67:72-89, 1976 Congenital poikiloderma with traumatic bullae, anhidrosis, and pitted PPK Conradi-Hünermann syndrome – X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata Cowden’s syndrome – punctate translucent keratoses Cutis 74:173-179, 2004; Nat Genet 13:114-116, 1996; J Med Genet 32:117-119, 1995; Dermatol Clin 13:27-31, 1995; AD 122:821, 824-825, 1986 Dermatopathia pigmentosa retularis – autosomal dominant, reticulate hyperpigmentation of trunk, onychodystrophy, alopecia, oral hyperpigmentation, punctate hyperkeratosis of palms and soles, hypohidrosis; atrophic macules over joints with hypertrophic scarring Semin Cut Med Surg 16:72-80, 1997; AD 126:935-939, 1990; Hautarzt 6:262, 1960 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis Cutis 52:53-55, 1993 Focal dermal hypoplasia, morning glory anomaly, and polymicrogyria – swirling pattern of hypopigmentation, papular hypopigmented and herniated skin lesions of face, head, hands, and feet, basaloid follicular hamartomas, mild mental retardation, macrocephaly, microphthalmia, unilateral morning glory optic disc anomaly, palmar and lip pits, and polysyndactyly Am J Med Genet 124A:202-208, 2004 Greither’s ectodermal dysplasia Hereditary acral keratotic poikiloderma of Weary Ped Derm 13:427-429, 1996 Hereditary papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma (punctate keratoderma) Cutis 61:29-30, 1998; AD 34:686-688, 1996 Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia HOPP syndrome – hypotrichosis, striate, reticulated pitted palmoplantar keratoderma, acro-osteolysis, psoriasiform plaques, lingua plicata, onychogryphosis, ventricular arrhythmias, periodontitis BJD 150:1032-1033, 2004; BJD 147:575-581, 2002 Keratoderma with mental retardation and spastic paraplegia Lipoid proteinosis Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadassohn syndrome – autosomal dominant, reticulate gray to brown pigmentation of neck, upper

trunk and flexures, punctate or diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma, onycholysis, subungual hyperkeratosis, yellow tooth enamel JAAD 28:942-950, 1993 Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome – punctate hyperkeratosis of palms Summer Meeting, American Academy of Dermatology, July 31, 2004; Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 33:117-124, 2004; Clin Genet 55:34-40, 1999; Am J Med Genet 69:299-308, 1997; Am J Med Genet 69:299-308, 1997; Dermatol Clin 13:113-1125, 1995; Medicine 66:98-113, 1987 Pachyonychia congenita Palmoplantar keratoderma with leukoplakia Palmoplantar keratoderma with scleroatrophy of the extremities (Huriez syndrome) Papillon-Lefevre syndrome – punctate hyperkeratosis of palms and soles JAAD 48:345-351, 2003 Punctate acrokeratoderma with pigmentary disorder BJD 128:693-695, 1993 Reiter’s syndrome Schopf-Schulze-Passarge syndrome – hidrocystomas, hyperkeratoses of palms and soles, hypoplastic teeth, hypotrichosis Soto’s syndrome Speckled hyperpigmentation palmoplantar punctate keratoses, childhood blistering BJD 105:579-585, 1981

Arsenical keratoses Postgrad Med J 79:391-396, 2003; Rook p.2713, 1998, Sixth Edition; Int J Derm 36:241-250, 1997; Derm Surg 22:301-304, 1996; JID 4:365-383, 1941 Chloracne due to dioxin – punctate keratoderma-like lesions on the palms and soles BJD 143:1067-1071, 2000

Calluses Clavi Mechanical

PALMOPLANTAR KERATODERMAS Int J Derm 32:493-498, 1993

Allergic contact dermatitis Rook p.1310, 1998, Sixth Edition Dermatitis herpetiformis – acquired palmoplantar keratoderma BJD 149:1300-1302, 2003 Dermatomyositis – presenting as a pityriasis pilaris-like eruption BJD 136:768-771, 1997; juvenile dermatomyositis BJD 36:917-919, 1997; mechanic’s hands Ann Intern Med 91:577-578, 1979 Graft vs. host disease Ped Derm 12:311-313, 1995 Lupus erythematosus – discoid lupus erythematosus Rook p.2444-2449, 1998, Sixth Edition; NEJM 269:1155-1161, 1963 Pemphigus – striate palmoplantar keratoderma of endemic pemphigus of El Bagre region of Colombia JAAD 49:599-608, 2003

Disuse hyperkeratosis Keratoderma climactericum of Haxthausen Can Fam Physician 42:629, 631, 1996; Dermatologica 172:258-262, 1986; J Am Podiatry Assoc 68:595-597, 1978; BJD 46:161-167, 1934

Acral dysesthesia syndrome – capecitabine; hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis of the dorsal and palmar surfaces of the hands and feet of black patients Cutis 73:101-106, 2004 α-methyldopa Semin Derm 14:152-161, 1995 Glucan-induced keratoderma AD 123:751-756,1987 Gold salts Ghatan p.230, 2002, Second Edition; Semin Derm 14:152-161, 1995 Hydroxyurea – long-term therapy JAAD 49:339-341, 2003; Rook p.3481, 1998, Sixth Edition; Semin Derm 14:152-161, 1995 Lithium J Clin Psychopharmacol 11:149-150, 1991 Mepacrine Semin Derm 14:152-161, 1995 Mexiletine Semin Derm 14:152-161, 1995 Practolol Semin Derm 14:152-161, 1995 Proguanil Semin Derm 14:152-161, 1995 Retinoids Semin Derm 14:152-161, 1995 Tegafur – chronic acral erythema leading to palmoplantar keratoderma AD 131:364-365, 1995

Aquagenic palmoplantar keratoderma JAAD 44:696-699, 2001 Aquagenic syringeal acrokeratoderma Dermatology 204:8, 2002; JAAD 45:124-126, 2001 Chloracne with punctate keratoderma BJD 143:1067-1071, 2000 Crack cocaine smoking – hyperkeratotic palms Cutis 50:193-194, 1992 Pesticides – weed sprayer with sclerodactyly of fingers and toes with hyperkeratosis of palms and chloracne Clin Exp Dermatol 19:264-267, 1994

AIDS – may be with or without associated pustules; seen with T-cell count under 100 cells/mm3; may have concomitant Trichophyton rubrum infection or may be seen with AIDSassociated Reiter’s syndrome JAAD 22:1270-1277, 1990 Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis – sporadic, autosomal dominant, or autosomal recessive; associated with other immunodeficiencies, endocrinopathies, abnormalities of iron metabolism; keratotic candidal granulomas with skin and scalp involvement, paronychia, mucous membrane involvement; may be seen with multiple carboxylase deficiencies or ectodermal dysplasia Annu Rev Med 32:491, 1981 Cutaneous larva migrans, generalized Leprosy – symmetric palmoplantar keratoderma Hansenol Int 10:32-37, 1985 (Italian) Mycobacterium tuberculosis – papulonecrotic tuberculid – punctate palmoplantar lesions Int J Derm 21:470-471, 1982 Paracoccidioidomycosis – punctate palmoplantar keratoderma J Clin Inf Dis 23:1026-1032, 1996 Pinta – tertiary (late phase) – hyperkeratoses of palms and soles Rook p.1274, 1998, Sixth Edition

Pitted keratolysis AD 117:609, 1981 Scabies, crusted Can Fam Physician 45:1455, 1462, 1999 Syphilis, secondary – syphilitic keratoderma resembles Reiter’s disease, psoriasis, lichen planus, Bazex, Unna-Thost and Howell-Evans syndromes Caputo p.146, 2000 Tinea manuum Acta DV (Stockh) 36:272-278, 1956 Tinea pedis (Trichophyton rubrum) Rook p.1300-1301,1309, 1998, Sixth Edition Tungiasis – focal plantar keratoderma BJD 144:118-124, 2001 Verrucae Tyring p.260, 2002; in AIDS; papilloma virus-infected cells may have small eosinophilic granules and dense clumps of basophilic keratohaline granules composed of E4 (E1-4) protein, a viral protein which collapses the cytoplasmic keratin filament network enabling release of other virions JAAD 19:401-405, 1988 Yaws – secondary – hyperkeratotic plantar lesions fissure and can cause crablike gait, hence ‘crab yaws’ Clin Dermatol 18:687-700, 2000; JAAD 29:519-535, 1993; tertiary – keratoderma of palms and soles Rook p.1270, 1998, Sixth Edition

Hypothyroidism – keratoderma of myxedema Aust Fam Physician 28:1217-1222, 1999; BJD 139:741-742, 1998; Clin Exp Derm 13:339-41, 1988; Acta DV 66:354-357, 1986 Keratoderma, ichthyosis, and increased β-glucuronidase Menopause Ghatan p.220, 2002, Second Edition Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders Bolognia p.873, 2003 Pheochromoctyoma Tyrosinemia type II (Richner-Hanhart syndrome) – autosomal recessive; photophobia, herpetiform corneal erosions, mental retardation Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; Ped Derm 14:110-112, 1997; JAAD 35:857-859, 1996 Zinc deficiency

Eccrine syringofibroadenomatosis (psoriasiform keratoderma) – papules, plaques, or palmoplantar keratoderma, red papules and nodules, solitary vegetating nodule, pyogenic granuloma-like papule, crusted papules, flat red lesions, opalescent papules and plaques, keratotic papules, tapioca pudding pattern on palms and soles JAAD 26:805-813, 1992; diffuse unilateral plantar hyperkeratosis BJD 149:885-886, 2003 Epidermal nevus Epithelioma cuniculatum (verrucous carcinoma) – slowly enlarging cauliflower-like mass; distinctive foul smell Kaposi’s sarcoma Leukemia cutis – macules, papules, plaques, chloroma, nodules, ecchymoses, palpable purpura, ulcers, erythroderma, bullae, gingival hyperplasia (AML or AMML); associated with a grave prognosis JAAD 11:121-128, 1984 Lymphoma – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma AD 134:1019-1024, 1998; AD 136:971, 1996; AD 131:1052-1056, 1995; JAAD 13:897-899, 1985; Ann Intern Med 83:534-552, 1975; non-cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Int J Dermatol 30:871-872, 1991; Sezary syndrome; CTCL with focal palmoplantar keratoderma Punctate palmoplantar porokeratosis

Porokeratosis of Mantoux – crateriform lesions of palms Rook P.1575, 1998, Sixth Edition Porokeratosis plantaris, palmaris, et disseminata – autosomal dominant; painful papules on soles, porokeratosis lesions on both sun and non-sun exposed skin Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; JAAD 13:598-603, 1985; may be circumscribed PPK Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus – linear or band-like plantar or palmar area with multiple punctate pits and comedo-like plugs; almost always present at birth AD 127:1219-1224, 1991; JAAD 20:924-927, 1989

Acanthosis nigricans Acquired diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma with bronchial carcinoma AD 124:497-498, 1988; Acta DV 62:313-316, 1982; gastric adenocarcinoma Dermatologica 165:660-663, 1982 Acquired palmoplantar keratoderma with diffuse plane xanthomatosis associated with myeloma BJD 132:286-289, 1995 Bazex syndrome (acrokeratosis paraneoplastica) – violaceous keratoderma; scaling of fingertips, nailfolds, nose, ears; psoriasiform; upper aerodigestive malignancies AD 141:389-394, 2005; Cutis 49:265-268, 1992; AD 119:820-826, 1983; BJD 102:301-306, 1980 Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma – breast and ovarian carcinoma BJD 117:363-370, 1987 Florid cutaneous papillomatosis Rook p.1555, 1998 Sixth Edition Howell-Evans syndrome (tylosis (smooth pattern)) – autosomal dominant; focal PPK; oral leukokeratosis, carcinoma of the esophagus; esophageal strictures, oral leukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma of the tylotic skin, carcinoma of larynx and stomach Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; Dis Esophagus 12:173-176, 1999; Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol 30B:102-112, 1994; JAAD 28:295-297, 1993; Q J Med 155:317-333, 1970; envoplakin on TOCG (tylosis oesophageal gene) chromosome 17q25 Genomics 37:381-385, 1996 Non-familial PPK (cobblestone pattern) – carcinoma of esophagus and bronchus JAAD 28:295-297, 1993; breast, urinary bladder, stomach Palmoplantar keratoderma and malignancy (palmoplantar ectodermal dysplasia type III) – 17q24 AD 132:640-651, 1996 Porokeratosis plantaris Punctate keratoderma – carcinoma of breast, uterus, lung, bladder, colon BJD 134:720-726, 1996; J Clin Oncol 7:669-678, 1989; JAAD 10:587-591, 1984; AD 92:553-556, 1965 Punctate porokeratotic keratoderma Clin Exp Dermatol 19:139-141, 1994 Tripe palms – tripe is the rugose surface of bovine foregut; gastric, pulmonary, bladder, breast, cervix, ovary, kidney, colon, gallbladder, sarcoma, tongue, uterus, brain, melanoma, lymphoma, pancreas, prostate; occurs alone in 25% or with acanthosis nigricans in 75%; differential diagnosis includes acromegaly, hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy, pachydermoperiostosis, thyroid acropachy, Bazex syndrome, hereditary (tylosis or Howel-Evans syndrome) or acquired malignancy associated keratosis of the palms and soles BJD 138:698-703, 1998; J Dermatol 22:492-495, 1995; Clin Dermatol 11:165-173, 1993; JAAD 27:271-272, 1992; Dermatology 185:151-153, 1992; J Clin Oncol 7:669-678, 1989; Clin Exp Dermatol 5:181-189, 1980

Acanthosis nigricans – hereditary benign Int J Dermatol 35:126-127, 1996; benign Am J Public Health 84:1839-1842, 1994; pseudo-acanthosis nigricans Am J Med 87:269-272, 1989; drug-induced (nicotinic acid Dermatology 189:203-206, 1994; fusidic acud JAAD 28:501-502, 1993; stilbestrol AD 109:545-546, 1974; triazinate AD 121:232-236, 1985 ); malignant acanthosis nigricans; nevoid acanthosis nigricans – unilateral and localized Int J Dermatol 30:452-453, 1991 Acquired plantar keratoderma Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa Adolescent onset ichthyosiform erythroderma BJD 144:1063-1066, 2001 Atopic dermatitis Atypical epidermolytic hyperkeratosis with palmoplantar keratoderma with keratin 1 mutation – palmoplantar keratoderma with psoriasiform plaques of elbows and antecubital fossae BJD 150:1129-1135, 2004 Darier’s disease (keratosis follicularis) – autosomal dominant with variable penetrance; skin-colored to yellow-brown papules in seborrheic distribution; associated with acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf; palmar punctate keratoses and/or pits; hemorrhagic macules on hands and feet; cobblestoning of mucous membranes; nail changes of red and white longitudinal bands with distal V-shaped nicks; photosensitive; characteristic odor Caputo p.125, 2000 Degenerative collagenous plaques of the hands (linear bands around thumb and index fingers) (keratoelastoidosis marginalis Ghatan p.220, 2002, Second Edition; AD 93:202-203, 1966 Dermatitis repens Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis – autosomal dominant; with mottled pigmentation and palmoplantar keratoderma AD 122:900-908, 1986; Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syph 45:26-29, 1938 Ectodermal dysplasia – apocrine hidrocystomas of the eyelids, hypodontia, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, and onychodystrophy Arch Ophthalmol 104:1811-1813, 1986 Epidermolysis bullosa progressiva (Ogna Gedde-Dahl) – autosomal recessive; delayed onset; bullae with surrounding atrophic (cigarette paper) wrinkled skin, absent nail plates, palmoplantar keratoderma, absent dermal finger ridges, tooth and enamel defects JAAD 16:195-200, 1987 Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with punctate keratoderma JAAD 15:1040-1044, 1985; Derm Clinics 11:549-563, 1993

EBS – clumped tonofilaments and basal layer blisters. Keratin 5 or 14, chromosome 12q or 17q EB junctional – hemidesmosomal proteins EB dystrophic – scarce or absent anchoring fibrils. Collagen type VII A abnormal; chromosome 3p21.1 Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis – clumping of tonofilaments. Keratin 1 or 10; chromosome 12q or 17q Epidermolytic epidermolysis bullosa – Koblner, Weber-Cockayne, Ogna Gedde-Dahl, Fischer and Gedde-Dahl (with mottled pigmentation), herpetiformis with mottled pigmentation, and herpetiformis Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with punctate keratoderma JAAD 15:1289-1291, 1986 Epidermolysis bullosa, mottled pigmentation, and punctate keratoses BJD 105:579-585, 1981 Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular dystrophy – plectin mutation (premature termination codon) JAAD 41:950-956, 1999

Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, woolly hair, and dilated cardiomyopathy – striated palmoplantar keratoderma,

follicular keratosis, clubbing, vesicles and bullae on trunk, psoriasiform keratoses on knees, legs, and feet JAAD 39:418-421, 1998 Erythema elevatum diutinum – hyperkeratotic palmar papules Erythema gyratum repens with ichthyosis and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis Clin Exp Dermatol 14:223-226, 1989 Erythrokeratoderma variabilis AD 101:68-73, 1970 Focal palmoplantar keratodermas

Focal non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with oral, genital (leukokeratosis of glans penis), and follicular lesions JAAD 52:403-409, 2005 Focal palmoplantar and oral mucosa (gingival) hyperkeratosis syndrome (MIM:148730) (hereditary painful callosities) – palmoplantar keratoderma, leukoplakia (gingival keratosis), and cutaneous horn of the lips JAAD 52:403-409, 2005; BJD 146:680-683, 2002; Oral Surg 50:250, 1980; Birth Defects 12:239-242, 1976; Arch Int Med 113:866-871, 1964 Howell-Evans syndrome JAAD 52:403-409, 2005 Pachyonychia congenita JAAD 52:403-409, 2005

Focal acral hyperkeratosis – yellow papules on lateral aspect of palms AD 132:1365, 1368, 1996 Hand or foot dermatitis Hereditary callosities with blisters (circumscribed keratoderma)

Caputo p.109-116, 2000 Acral keratoderma – autosomal recessive AD 111:763-768, 1975 Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa (punctate keratoderma) – marginated umbilicated papules; either autosomal dominant or sporadic; small round or oval smooth shiny or umbilicated papules on dorsal aspects of hands, knuckles, in first interdigital space, and along lateral margins of hands and wrist; also on anterior surfaces of legs and margins of soles; first appears in second decade of life Semin Derm 14:152-161, 1995; JAAD 17:881-882, 1987; BJD 106:337-344, 1982 Acro-osteolysis with keratoderma (Breau-Barriere syndrome) – diffuse keratoderma Hautarzt 44:5-13, 1993; Acta DV (Stockh) 52:278-280, 1972 Alopecia congenita with palmoplantar keratoderma Acta Genet Statist Med 9:127-132, 1959 Alopecia-onychodysplasia-hypohidrosis-deafness syndrome – small teeth, thick dystrophic toenails, hypohidrosis, hyperkeratosis of palms and soles, elbows and knees, sensorineural deafness Human Hered 27:127-337, 1977 Ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis with tylosis Autosomal recessive epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma J Med Genet 27:519-522, 1990 Baird syndrome – absence of dermatoglyphics Bart-Pumphrey syndrome – autosomal dominant; diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma, sensorineural deafness, knuckle pads, leukonychia Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; NEJM 276:202-207, 1967 Bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma – epidermolytic hyperkeratosis Buschke-Fischer-Brauer keratoderma (punctate palmoplantar keratoderma) (keratodermia palmo-plantaris papulosa) (keratodermia palmoplantare papuloverrucoides progressiva) – autosomal dominant; clinical subtypes include pinhead papules, spiky filiform lesions, dense round 1-2-mm papules, clavus-like lesions, hard warty masses, cupuliform lesions, and focal translucent lesions BJD 152:874-878, 2005; JAAD 49:1166-1169, 2003; Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002;

BJD 128:104-105, 1993; JAAD 8:700-702, 1983; Hum Genet 60:14-19, 1982; JAAD 3:43-49, 1980 with ainhum Actas Dermosifiliogr 73:105-110, 1982 Cantu’s syndrome – autosomal dominant; hyperpigmented macules of face, forearms, and feet, hyperkeratotic palms and soles Clin Genet 14:165-168, 1978 Cardiac abnormalities in familial PPK Carvajal syndrome – striate palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and cardiomyopathy Bolognia p.757, 2004 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease TIG 13:229, 1997 Clouston syndrome (hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia) – autosomal dominant, first described in French Canadians; characterized by hair defects, nail dystrophy, and verruciform palmoplantar hyperkeratosis BJD 142:248-252, 2000; Hautarzt 46:272-275, 1995; Dermatologica 176:205-211, 1988; Can Med Ass J 40:1-7, 1939 Collie-Davies PPK (punctate keratoderma) – keratosis palmoplantaris maculosa seu papulosa Hautarzt 48:577-580, 1997 Congenital atrichia, palmoplantar keratoderma (Bazex-like), mental retardation, early loss of teeth JAAD 30:893-898, 1994 Congenital ichthyosiform dermatosis with linear flexural papules and sclerosing PPK AD 125:103-106, 1989 Corneodermato-osseous syndrome – corneal dystrophy, hyperkeratosis, short stature, brachydactyly, premature birth – autosomal dominant Am J Hum Genet 18:67-77, 1984 Diffuse PPK associated with acrocyanosis Diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma with recurrent nonsense mutation of DSG1 AD 141:625-628, 2005 Ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome – autosomal recessive; skin fragility, keratotic plaques on limbs, palmoplantar keratoderma Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002 Ectodermal dysplasias with inconstant PPK – autosomal recessive Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (chondroplastic dwarf with defective teeth and nails, and polydactyly) – autosomal recessive; chondrodysplasia, polydactyly, peg-shaped teeth or hypodontia, short upper lip bound down by multiple frenulae; nail dystrophy, hair may be normal or sparse and brittle; cardiac defects; ichthyosis, palmoplantar keratoderma Ped Derm 18:485-489, 2001; J Med Genet 17:349-356, 1980; Arch Dis Child 15:65-84, 1940 Epidermal nevus – systematized, linear (ichthyosis hystrix) – may also be acquired Epidermolysis bullosa, dominant dystrophic hyperplastique – Cockayne-Touraine Epidermolysis bullosa, progressive junctional type – palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (non-lethal localized junctional EB) – legs and feet only; hyperkeratosis with erosions of soles J R Soc Med 78 (Suppl 11): 32-33, 1985 Epidermolysis bullosa; non-Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa with collagen XVII mutation – palmoplantar callosities JAAD 52:371-373, 2005; AD 122:704-710, 1986; Dermatologica 152:72-86, 1976 Epidermolysis bullosa, epidermolytic type – palmoplantar callosities JAAD 42:1051-1066, 2000 Epidermolysis bullosa simplex – palmoplantar callosities JAAD 42:1051-1066, 2000 Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation with keratoderma (Dowling-Meara type) – focal punctate palmoplantar keratoderma; acral blistering, hemorrhagic bullae, dystrophic thick nails BJD 144:40-45, 2001; JID 111:893-895, 1998; Ped Derm 13:306-309, 1996; punctate keratoderma AD 122:900-908, 1986

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma) Rook p.1505-1507, 1998, Sixth Edition Erythrokeratoderma variabilis BJD 152:1143-1148, 2005; Ped Derm 19:285-292, 2002; AD 122:441-445, 1986 Familial dyskeratotic comedones JAAD 17:808-814, 1987 Fine scaling, keratosis pilaris, periorificial crusting, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, blistering JAAD 34:379-385, 1996 Fitzsimmons syndrome Clin Genet 23:329-335, 1983 Focal acral hyperkeratosis (acrokeratoelastoidosis with elastorrhexis) (punctate keratoderma) – autosomal dominant; Afro-Caribbeans; umbilicated punctae at margins of palms and soles Hautarzt 50:586-589, 1999; BJD 109:97-103, 1983 Focal palmoplantar and oral mucosa (gingival) hyperkeratosis syndrome (MIM:148730) (hereditary painful callosities) – palmoplantar keratoderma, leukoplakia (gingival keratosis), and cutaneous horn of the lips JAAD 52:403-409, 2005; BJD 146:680-683, 2002; Oral Surg 50:250, 1980; Birth Defects 12:239-242, 1976; Arch Int Med 113:866-871, 1964 Focal palmoplantar keratoderma and sensorineural deafness BJD 143:876-883, 2000 Gamborg-Nielsen (Norbotten type) palmoplantar keratoderma – autosomal dominant; diffuse with papular border Clin Genet 28:361-366, 1985; autosomal recessive Dermatology 188:194-199, 1994; Arch Dermatol Res 282:363-370, 1990 Greither’s syndrome – poikiloderma of face and extremities; warty keratoses over hands, feet, and legs; plantar keratoderma; normal nails and hair Hautarzt 9:364-369, 1958 Greither’s palmoplantar keratoderma (transgrediens et progrediens palmoplantar keratoderma) – hyperkeratoses extending over Achilles tendon, backs of hands, elbows, knees; livid erythema at margins JAAD 53:S225-230, 2005; Ped Derm 20:272-275, 2003; Cutis 65:141-145, 2000 Haim-Munk syndrome (same as Papillon-Lefevre syndrome plus acro-osteolysis, acrachnodactyly, and pes planus) – congenital palmoplantar keratoderma, progressive periodontal destruction, recurrent skin infections (bacterial), arachnodactyly, claw-like deformity of terminal phalanges BJD 152:353-356, 2005; BJD 147:575-581, 2002; Eur J Hum Genet 5:156-160, 1997 Hereditary acrokeratotic poikiloderma – papular keratotic lesions of dorsae of hands AD 103:405-422, 1971 Hereditary callosities with blisters JAAD 11:409-415, 1984 Hereditary diffuse PPK with progressive neurosensory deafness AD 118:605-607, 1982; J Laryngol Otol 89:1143-1146, 1975 Hereditary focal transgressive palmoplantar keratoderma – autosomal recessive; hyperkeratotic lichenoid papules of elbows and knees, psoriasiform lesions of scalp and groin, spotty and reticulate hyperpigmentation of face, trunk, and extremities, alopecia of eyebrows and eyelashes BJD 146:490-494, 2002 Hereditary PPK, type papulosa JAAD 29:435-437, 1993 Hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma, congenital alopecia, onychodystrophy, enamel dysplasia Hautarzt 25:8-16, 1970 Hereditary PPK with leukoencephalopathy Neurology 45:331-337, 1995 Hereditary keratoderma, nail dystrophy, and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy – autosomal dominant J Med Genet 25:754-757, 1988 Hereditary reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma (punctate keratoderma) Australas J Dermatol 41:172-174, 2000; Cutis 61:29-30, 1998; JAAD 34:686-687, 1996 Hereditary punctate keratoderma and internal malignancy JAAD 10:587-591, 1984 Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Fischer-Jacobson-Clouston syndrome) TIG 13:229, 1997

HOPP syndrome – hypotrichosis, striate, reticulated pitted palmoplantar keratoderma, acro-osteolysis, psoriasiform plaques, lingua plicata, onychogryphosis, ventricular arrhythmias, periodontitis BJD 150:1032-1033, 2004; BJD 147:575-581, 2002 Howell-Evans syndrome (tylosis) – autosomal dominant; focal PPK; follicular prominence, oral leukokeratosis, carcinoma of the esophagus Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; Eur J Cancer Oral Oncol 30:102-112, 1994; Q J Med 155:317-333, 1970; QJMed 27:413-429, 1958; QJ Med 27:415-429, 1950 Huriez syndrome – palmoplantar keratoderma with sclerodactyly TIG 13:229, 1997 Hyperkeratosis-hyperpigmentation syndrome TIG 13:229, 1997 Hypopigmentation with punctate keratoderma Ichthyosis hystrix, Curth-Macklin type AD 141:779-784, 2005; Am J Hum Genet 6:371-382, 1954 Ichthyosis vulgaris palmaris et plantaris dominans – form of ichthyosis vulgaris Dermatologica 165:627-635, 1982 Keratoderma with scleroatrophy of the extremities (Huriez syndrome) – autosomal dominant; diffuse keratoderma; atrophic parchment-like skin over dorsal surface of hands; pseudosclerodermatous appearance of hands JAAD 26:855-857, 1992; Sem Hop Paris 44:481-488, 1968 Keratoderma with mental retardation and spastic paraplegia – striate keratoderma of palms, diffuse keratoderma of the soles, pes cavus, X-linked Clin Genet 23:329-335, 1983 Keratoderma with skeletal deformity (circumscribed) – autosomal recessive Keratoderma, woolly hair, follicular keratoses, blistering Retinoids Today Tomorrow 37:15-19, 1994 Keratodermia maculosa disseminata symmetrica palmaris et plantaris (punctate keratoderma) Keratoma dissipatum hereditarium palmare et plantare (Brauer) (punctate keratoderma) Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans JAAD 47:S275-278, 2002 Keratosis lichenoides chronica AD 131:609-614, 1995; AD 105:739-743, 1972; JAAD 37:263-264, 1997; JAAD 38:306-309, 1998; Presse Med 46:1000, 1938 Keratosis linearis with ichthyosis and sclerosing keratoderma (KLICK syndrome) – autosomal recessive; erythroderma, palmoplantar keratoderma, ainhum, red elbows and knees BJD 153:461, 2005; Acta DV 77:225-227, 1997; Am J Hum Genet 61:581-589, 1997 Keratosis multiformis – warty palmoplantar keratoderma; atrophic skin over dorsal hands and feet, follicular keratoses, punctate pigmentation of neck, forearms, buttocks; skeletal abnormalities Arch Klin Exp Dermatol 209:243-257, 1959 Keratosis palmoplantaris nummularis (hereditary painful callosities) (punctate keratoderma) – autosomal dominant; form of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis; nummular keratoses on plantar pressure points; painful; appears when child starts to walk Dermatology 193:47-49, 1996; Acta DV 75:405-406, 1995; JAAD 9:204-209, 1983; JAAD 25:113-114, 1991; AD 114:591-592, 1978 Keratosis palmoplantaris with periodontitis, pes planus, and onychogryphosis, arachnodactyly, and acro-osteolysis BJD 115:243-248, 1986 Keratosis palmoplantaris papulosa seu maculosa (punctate keratoderma) Keratosis punctata of the palmar creases – autosomal dominant disorder of African-Americans Rook p.3248, 1998, Sixth Edition; Cutis 32:75-76, 1983; AD 116:669-671, 1980

Knuckle pads with palmoplantar keratoderma and acrokeratoelastoidosis Lamellar ichthyosis – autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive Leukokeratoderma estrovale digitorum inversa JAAD 34:1074-1076, 1996 Loricrin keratoderma – congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and collodion baby; honeycombed palmoplantar keratoderma with pseudoainhum; no deafness (as opposed to Vohwinkel syndrome) Ped Derm 19:285-292, 2002; BJD 145:657-660, 2001 Mal de Meleda – autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive; diffuse PPK; transgrediens with acral erythema in glove-like distribution; perioral erythema and hyperkeratosis; hyperhidrosis; knuckle pads; pseudo-ainhum; lingua plicata, syndactyly, hairy palms and soles, high arched palate, lefthandedness Dermatology 203:7-13, 2001; AD 136:1247-1252, 2000; J Dermatol 27:664-668, 2000; Dermatologica 171:30-37, 1985 Marginal papular acrokeratodermas Dermatology 203:63-65, 2001 Marginal papular keratodermas Ped Derm 19:320-322, 2002

Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa Ped Derm 19:320-322, 2002; JAAD 22:468-476, 1990; Acta DV 60:149-153, 1980; Dermatologica 107:164-168, 1953 Focal acral hyperkeratosis Degenerative collagenous plaques of the hands Keratoelastoidosis marginalis of the hands Mosaic acral keratosis Flat warts Palmar xanthomas Porokeratosis

Multifocal palmoplantar hyperkeratosis with spastic paraplegia – autosomal dominant Rev Neurol (Paris) 144:421-424, 1988; Clin Genet 23:329-335, 1983 Multiple congenital malformation syndrome Netherton’s syndrome Ped Derm 19:285-292, 2002 Non-bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma Ped Derm 19:285-292, 2002 Overlap PPK – Mal de Meleda and Greither’s JAAD 18:75-86, 1988 Pachydermoperiostosis Palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, short stature, facial dysmorphism, and hypodontia Palmoplantar keratoderma varians type (Wachter’s keratoderma) – autosomal dominant; focal islands of hyperkeratosis, striate palmar lesions; central sole spared J Eur Acad DV 12:33-37, 1999; Rook p.1563, 1998, Sixth Edition Palmoplantar keratoderma with cutaneous horns Int J Dermatol 31:369-370, 1992 Palmoplantar keratoderma with amyotrophy Dermatologica 176:251-256, 1988 Palmoplantar keratoderma with clinodactyly – autosomal dominant Birth Defects Orig Qrtic Ser 18 (3B):207-210, 1982; Dermatologica 162:209-212, 1981; Dermatologica 162:300-303, 1981 Palmoplantar keratoderma with partial or total alopecia, hyperhidrosis, tongue-shaped corneal opacities Palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness BJD 134:939-942, 1996; Dermatologica 175:148-151, 1987; A7445G point mutation in mitochondrial genome BJD 143:876-883, 2000; connexin mutations J Med Genet 37:50-51, 2000; Eur J Hum Genet 8:469-472, 2000 Palmoplantar keratoderma with transepidermal elimination with oral florid papillomatosis and leukoplakia of the esophagus J Dermatol 21:974-978, 1994

Palmoplantar keratoderma, large ears, sparse hypopigmented scalp hair, frontal bossing Ped Derm 19:224-228, 2002 Palmoplantar keratoderma with mental retardation and spastic paraplegia – X-linked recessive BJD 109:589-596, 1983 Palmoplantar keratoderma with leukoplakia Dermatol Wochenschr 151:231-239, 1965 Palmoplantar keratoderma, nail dystrophy, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy Palmoplantar keratoderma with periorificial keratoderma and corneal dysplasia BJD 125:186-188, 1991 Palmoplantar keratoderma with tonotubular keratin JAAD 24:638-642, 1991 Palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair AD 130:522-524, 1994; rolled and spiraled hairs Acta DV 65:250-254, 1985; PPK, woolly hair, endomyocardial fibrodysplasia TIG 13:229, 1997 Palmoplantar keratosis acuminata (punctate keratoderma) Papillon-Lefevre syndrome – autosomal recessive; diffuse transgradiens palmoplantar keratoderma; red scaly palms and soles; punctate hyperkeratosis of palms and soles; ichthyosis; hypotrichosis, nail fragility, periodontal disease with shedding of primary and permanent dentition; recurrent cutaneous and systemic pyodermas; psoriasiform plaques of elbows and knees; generalized psoriasiform dermatitis; hyperhidrosis, calcification of dura mater eyelid cysts; mutations and polymorphisms in cathepsin C gene defect JAAD 52:551-553, 2005; JAAD 49:S240-243, 2003; JAAD 48:345-351, 2003; Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; JAAD 46:S8-10, 2002; JID 116:339-343, 2001; J Med Genet 36:881-887, 1999; JID 116:339-343, 2001; J Med Genet 36:881-887, 1999; J Periodontol 66:413-420, 1995; Ped Derm 11:354-357, 1994; chromosome 11q14 Eur J Hum Genet 5:156-160, 1997; variant with arachnodactyly and acro-osteolysis BJD 115:243-248, 1986; BJD 77:42-54, 1965; late onset Papillon-Lefevre syndrome JAAD 49:S240-243, 2003; J Periodontol 64:379-386, 1993 Papuloverrucous (papillomatoverrucous) palmoplantar keratoderma (JAKAC-WOLF) (polykeratosis of Touraine) – autosomal recessive – disseminated follicular keratoses; dysplastic teeth Dermatologica 165:30-38, 1982 Porokeratosis of Mantoux – punctate keratoderma Porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris; music box spicules AD 125:1715, 1989 Porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris et disseminata JAAD 11:454-460, 1984 Progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma (Gottron syndrome) Ped Derm 19:285-292, 2002; AD 136:665, 668, 2000; AD 122:434-440, 1986; PSEK variant – honeycomb palmoplantar keratoderma with pseudoainhum Am J Med Genet 61:581-589, 1997 Punctate porokeratotic keratoderma AD 124:1678-1682, 1988; JAAD 13:908-912, 1985; Dermatologica 147:206-213, 1973 Richner-Hanhart syndrome (tyrosinemia type II) – autosomal recessive; tyrosine aminotransferase deficiency; chromosome 16q22-q24; painful palmoplantar keratoderma with circumscribed keratoses, bullae may occur; dendritic corneal ulcers, mental retardation; palmoplantar hyperhidrosis; signs include tearing, redness, pain and photophobia progressing to superficial and deep dendritic ulcers; mental retardation; aggregated tonofibril bundles on electron microscopy; crystal structures J Pediatr 126:266-269, 1995; AD 130:507-511, 1994; AD 126:1342-1346, 1990 Schopf syndrome (Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome) – eyelid hidrocystoma, hypodontia, hypotrichosis, hypoplastic eyelids BJD 120:131-132, 1989; Birth Defects 7:219-221, 1971

Sclerodactyly, non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, periodontal disease with loss of teeth, hypogenitalism with hypospadius, altered sex hormone levels, hypertriglyceridemia, 46XX JAAD 53:S234-239, 2005 Siemens syndrome (keratosis palmoplantaris areata/striata) (Siemen-Wachter) (focal palmoplantar keratoderma varians Wachter) Caputo p.114-115, 2000; – striate on palms, islands on feet – autosomal dominant; islands or linear, nummular, striate hyperkeratosis of hands and feet; some with diffuse BJD 147:575-581, 2002; Ann DV 120:894-895, 1993; some focal on palms; Brunauer-Fuhs – punctate variant Rook p.1566, 1998, Sixth Edition Sjögren-Larsson syndrome Spanglang-Tappeiner syndrome (palmoplantar keratoderma with keratitis) – lipid infiltration of cornea. Spiny keratoderma (multiple minute palmar-plantar digitate hyperkeratoses) (music box keratoderma) (punctuate/spiny keratoderma) – spiny, filiform, spiked, minute aggregate Cutis 54:389-394, 1994; BJD 121:239-242, 1989; JAAD 18:431-436, 1988; autosomal dominant; may remit with topical 5-fluorouracil; may be associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease JAAD 34:935-936, 1996; JAAD 26:879-881, 1992; questionable paraneoplastic associations Dermatology 201:379-380, 2000; digestive adenocarcinoma Ann DV 124:707-709, 1997; breast cancer Ann DV 117:834-836, 1990 Striate palmoplantar keratoderma (Brunauer-Fuhs-Siemens type) (keratosis palmoplantar striata) – autosomal dominant; focal striate PPK Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; Cutis 61:18-20, 1998; Acta DV 63:273-275, 1983; mutatation in desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 1 Eur J Hum Genet 9:197-203, 2001; desmoplakin haploinsufficiency JID 113:940-946, 1999 Striate PPK with dilated cardiomyopathy and woolly hair – autosomal recessive; focal striate PPK Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma with woolly hair and dilated cardiomyopathy JAAD 39:418-421, 1998 Sybert keratoderma – autosomal dominant; diffuse palmoplantar erythema with transgrediens distribution, intertriginous hyperkeratosis, pseudo-ainhum with spontaneous amputations Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; JAAD 18:75-86, 1988 Symmetrical interdigital keratoderma of the hands Clin Exp Dermatol 20:240-241, 1995; Acta DV 73:459-460, 1993 Unna-Thost palmoplantar keratoderma – diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma – autosomal dominant Ped Derm 20:195-198, 2003; with oral keratosis or periodontosis Rook p.3055, 1998, Sixth Edition; mutations in keratin 16 Hum Mol Genet 4:1875-1881, 1995; mutation in keratin 1 JID 103:764-769, 1994 Vohwinkel’s syndrome (keratoderma hereditaria mutilans) – autosomal dominant; honeycomb palmoplantar keratoderma, knuckle papules with starfish keratoses; ichthyosis, pseudoainhum; JAAD 44:376-378, 2001; with sensorineural deafness – mutation in connexin26, D66H Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; JAAD 44:376-378, 2001; BJD 145:657-660, 2001; Hum Mol Genet 8:1237-1243, 1999; loricrin mutation JID 111:702-704, 1998; Nat Genet 13:70-77, 1996 Vorner’s syndrome (epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma) autosomal dominant – diffuse; Clin Exp Dermatol 16:383-388, 1991; mutation in keratin 9 gene Clin Exp Dermatol 25:244-246, 2000; Ped Derm 16:430-435, 1999; BJD 140:486-490, 1999; Nat Genet 6:174-179, 1994; JAAD 17:414-422, 1987; mild variant mutations in keratin 1 gene JID 116:606-609, 2001; AD 132:1509, 1512, 1996;

AD 124:555-559, 1988; familial association with internal malignancies (breast, ovarian) BJD 117:363-370, 1987; Ann DV 112:841-844, 1985 X-linked familial cutaneous amyloidosis Zunich neuroectodermal syndrome (CHIME syndrome) Ped Derm 13:363-371, 1996

Hyperkeratotic dermatosis of the palms BJD 107:195-201, 1982 Hypomelanosis of Ito – autosomal dominant; Blaschko-esque depigmentation; unilateral or bilateral; no prior inflammatory stages; 75% present at birth; CNS, musculoskeletal, ophthalmologic abnormalities, diffuse alopecia, nail and dental anomalies; decrease in pigmented melanosomes JAAD 19:217-255, 1988 Hypotrichosis, striate, reticulated pitted palmoplantar keratoderma, acro-osteolysis, psoriasiform plaques, periodontitis, lingua plicata, ventricular arrhythmias BJD 147:575-581, 2002 Ichthyosis hystrix – epidermolytic hyperkeratosis with diffuse or striate PPK Rook p.1510, 1998, Sixth Edition Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans – X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive or autosomal dominant; one of a spectrum of keratosis pilaris atrophicans (others are KP atrophicans facei, atrophoderma vermiculatum); diffuse KP and scarring alopecia of scalp; atopy, palmoplantar keratoderma, photophobia, corneal abnormalities AD 128:397-402, 1992; Dermatol Monatsschr 174:736-740, 1988; AD 119:22-26, 1983; Acta DV 51:146,1971; AD 114:761,1978 Keratosis lichenoides chronica JAAD 49:511-513, 2003 Nekam’s disease (keratosis lichenoides chronica) – isolated palmoplantar hyperkeratosis; violaceous papular and nodular lesions in linear and reticular arrays, especially on hands and feet with seborrheic dermatitis-like rash on face Eur J Dermatol 9:497-499, 1999; AD 105:739-743, 1972 Keratosis palmoplantaris maculosa, papulosa – circumscribed PPK Keratosis palmoplantaris striata (circumscribed PPK) Keratosis plantaris discreta Ghatan p.220, 2002, Second Edition Keratosis punctata of the palmar creases JAAD 13:381-382, 1985 Keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris – focal acantholytic dyskeratosis Am J Dermatopathol 11:574-576, 1989 Lamellar ichthyosis Rook p.1500, 1998, Sixth Edition Lichen nitidus – palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and nail dystrophy Clin Exp Dermatol 18:381-383, 1993 Lichen planus AD 140:1275-1280, 2004; BJD 142:310-314, 2000; may be yellowish papules or plaques; may mimic tylosis Caputo p.16, 2000; Rook p.1904-1912, 1998, Sixth Edition Lichen simplex chronicus Neutral lipid storage disease (Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome) – autosomal recessive; at birth collodion baby or ichthyosiform erythroderma; thereafter pattern resembles non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma; hypohidrosis; ectropion; palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, WBC vacuoles, myopathy, fatty liver, CNS disease, deafness JAAD 17:801-808, 1987; AD 121:1000-1008, 1985 Non-bullous CIE (congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma) (erythrodermic lamellar ichthyosis) – autosomal recessive; hyperkeratosis of palms and soles AD 121:477-488, 1985 Pachydermoperiostosis (Touraine-Solente-Gole syndrome) – primary pachydermoperiostosis; autosomal dominant; skin of face, forehead, scalp folded and thickened; weary expression; cutis verticis gyrata of scalp; skin of hands and feet thickened; hyperhidrosis; spade-like hands; clubbing, mental retardation common NEJM 272:923-931, 1956

PPK with ankylosing spondylitis Acta DV (Stockh) 68:346-350, 1988 PPK with anogenital leukokeratosis Dermatology 197:300-302, 1998 PPK with arachnodactyly BJD 77:42-54, 1965 PPK, diffuse with acrocyanosis and livedo reticularis Acta DV 75:331, 1995; Acta DV 69:156-161, 1989 PPK with craniofacial anomalies Am J Med Genet 50:201-203, 1994 PPK with drumstick fingers, hypotrichosis, hypohidrosis, dental dysplasia PPK with gingival hyperkeratosis Arch Int Med 113:866-871, 1974 PPK with hyperostotic spondylosis Z Rheumatol 52:398-402, 1993 PPK, hypotrichosis, leukonychia totalis BJD 133:636-638, 1995 PPK with hypotrichosis, alopecia totalis, steel hair, curly hair, rolled hair, woolly hair, heliotrichosis, congenital atrichia, canities Rook p.1579, 1998, Sixth Edition PPK with onychogryphosis, leukonychia, onychodystrophy, nail psoriasis Rook p.1579, 1998, Sixth Edition PPK with Charcot-Marie Tooth disease AD 116:789-790, 1980 PPK with erythrokeratoderma variabilis PPK with pes planus Clin Genet 23:329-335, 1983 PPK with anomalies of teeth – hypodontia, dysplasia, natal teeth, periodontosis, anodontia Rook p.1579, 1998, Sixth Edition Peeling skin syndrome JAAD 31:291-292, 1994 Pityriasis rubra pilaris J Dermatol 27:174-177, 2000; JAAD 31:997-999, 1994 Porokeratotic palmoplantar keratoderma discreta Clin Exp Dermatol 21:451-453, 1996 Psoriasis Caputo p.11, 2000; Rook p.1602, 1998, Sixth Edition Punctate keratoses of the palms and soles – 1-3-mm round to oval yellow to flesh colored papules scattered on palms and soles JAAD 22:468-476, 1990 Punctate hyperkeratosis of palmar creases Ann DV 125:898-901, 1998 Punctate acrokeratoderma with freckles Severe ectodermal dysplasia with inconstant PPK Transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma Australas J Dermatol 41:172-174, 2000; JAAD 34:686-687, 1996

Alagille’s syndrome (arteriohepatic dysplasia) with keratoderma J R Soc Med 82:297-298, 1989 Albers-Schonberg – PPK with cirrhosis Rook p.1579, 1998, Sixth Edition Apert’s syndrome – plantar hyperkeratoses Cutis 52:205-208, 1993 Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome – abnormal hair, sparse eyebrows and lashes, ichthyosiform hyperkeratosis, widespread keratosis pilaris-like papules, seborrheic dermatitis, hemangiomas, nail dystrophy, bromhidrosis, lymphedema; characteristic facies with large head, high forehead, bitemporal constriction, antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures, depressed nasal bridge, low-set ears with thick helices psychomotor and growth retardation; pulmonic stenosis and atrial septal defects JAAD 28:815-819, 1993 Collodion baby with palmoplantar keratoderma J Med Assoc Thai 76:17-22, 1993

Congenital ichthyosiform dermatosis with linear keratotic papules and sclerosing PPK AD 125:103-106, 1989 Conradi-Hünermann syndrome – X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata; cataracts, whorled ichthyosiform eruption, palmoplantar keratoderma, Blaschko-distributed pigmentation; follicular atrophoderma and patchy cicatricial alopecia AD 121:1064-1065, 1985 Corneodermatoosseous syndrome – autosomal dominant; diffuse PPK; photophobia, corneal dystrophy, distal onycholysis, brachydactyly, short stature, medullary narrowing of digits, dental decay Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002 Costello syndrome – palmar hyperkeratosis JAAD 32:904-907, 1995; palmoplantar keratoderma, hyperpigmentation, warty papules around nose and mouth, legs, perianal skin; loose skin of neck, hands, and feet, thick, redundant palmoplantar surfaces, hypoplastic nails, short stature, craniofacial abnormalities Eur J Dermatol 11:453-457, 2001; Am J Med Genet 82:187-193, 1999; Clin Genet 50:244-257, 1996; JAAD 32:904-907, 1995; Am J Med Genet 47:176-183, 1993; Aust Paediat J 13:114-118, 1977 Cowden’s syndrome (multiple hamartoma syndrome) – punctate palmar papules with central depressions; autosomal dominant with variable penetrance; facial trichilemmomas with cobblestone appearance around eyes and mouth; acrokeratosis verruciformis; punctate palmoplantar keratoderma; multiple angiomas and lipomas; mucous membrane papillomas; craniomegaly; fibrocystic breast disease with associated breast cancer; goiter with thyroid carcinoma; other adenocarcinomas and melanoma JAAD 17:342-346, 1987; JAAD 11:1127-1141, 1984 Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis – autosomal dominant; reticulate pigmentation, alopecia, nail changes, palmoplantar punctate hyperkeratosis, loss of dermatoglyphics Int J Dermatol 34:645-646, 1995; JAAD 26:298-301, 1992; AD 126:935-939, 1990 Dorfman-Chanarin syndrome (neutral lipid storage disease) BJD 144:430-432, 2001 Down’s syndrome – keratosis palmaris et plantaris Ghatan p.130, 2002, Second Edition Dyskeratosis benigna intraepithelialis mucosae et cutis hereditaria – conjunctivitis, umbilicated keratotic nodules of scrotum, buttocks, trunk; palmoplantar verruca-like lesions, leukoplakia of buccal mucosa, hypertrophic gingivitis, tooth loss J Cutan Pathol 5:105-115, 1978 Dyskeratosis congenita – X-linked recessive or autosomal dominant; reticulate gray-brown pigmentation, poikiloderatous appearance; leukoplakia, periodontal disease and premature caries; canities and cicatricial alopecia; nail dystrophy; associated malignancies include lymphomas and adenocarcinomas; Fanconi’s anemia J Med Genet 12:339-354, 1975 Ectodermal dysplasia – autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia with corkscrew hairs JAAD 27:917-921, 1992 Hereditary acrokeratotic poikiloderma AD 114:1207-1210, 1978 Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia of Clouston type – autosomal dominant; nail thickening, thinning, persistent paronychia, diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma; skin thickened over finger joints and knuckles; sparse fine hair; normal teeth; normal facies Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; Am J Med Genet 171:80-86, 1997; Can Med Assoc J 21:18-31, 1929 Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with diffuse eccrine syringofibroadenomatosis AD 125:1715, 1989 Hyperkeratosis-hyperpigmentation syndrome Clin Genet 43:73-75, 1993 Hyperkeratosis palmoplantaris and attached gingival hyperkeratosis Arch Int Med 113:866-871, 1974

Incontinentia pigmenti – plantar hyperkeratosis JAAD 47:169-187, 2002 Jakac-Wolf syndrome – palmoplantar keratoderma with squamous cell carcinoma, gingival dental anomalies, hyperhidrosis JAAD 53:S234-239, 2005 Keratolytic winter keratoderma (Oudtshoorn syndrome) – autosomal dominant; diffuse PPK, centrifugal pelling of palms, soles, buttocks, trunk Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002 Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans – X-linked dominant and autosomal dominant; alopecia, xerosis, thickened nails, photophobia, spiny follicular papules (keratosis pilaris), scalp pustules, palmoplantar keratoderma Ped Derm 22:170-174, 2005; JAAD 47:S275-278, 2002 Keratosis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome – autosomal recessive; dotted waxy, fine granular or reticulated surface pattern of severe diffuse hyperkeratosis of palms and soles (palmoplantar keratoderma), ichthyosis with well marginated, serpiginous erythematous verrucous plaques, perioral furrows, leukoplakia, sensory deafness, photophobia with vascularizing keratitis, blindness, hypotrichosis, dystrophic nails JAAD 51:377-382, 2004; BJD 148:649-653, 2003; Cutis 72:229-230, 2003; Ped Derm 19:285-292, 2002; Ped Derm 15:219-221, 1998; Ped Derm 13:105-113, 1996; JAAD 19:1124-1126, 1988; AD 123:777-782, 1987; AD 117:285-289, 1981 Keratosis linearis with ichthyosis congenita and sclerosing keratoderma (KLICK syndrome) – autosomal recessive Acta DV 77:225-227, 1997 Kindler’s syndrome AD 140:939-944, 2004; AD 132:1487-1490, 1996 Lipoid proteinosis Naegeli-Francescetti-Jadassohn syndrome (diffuse and punctate PPK) – autosomal dominant; subtype of ectodermal dysplasia; reticulate pigmentation which fades after puberty, bullae of hands and feet, palmoplantar keratoderma, hypohidrosis, nail dystrophy, dental enamel defects, hypoplasia or aplasia of dermatoglyphs, malaligned great toe nails, blistering in first week of life; differential diagnosis includes dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis, hereditary bullous acrokeratotic poikiloderma (Weary-Kindler), and pachyonychia congenita Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; JAAD 28:942-950, 1994; JAAD 28:942-950, 1993 Naxos syndrome (mal de Naxos) – palmoplantar keratoderma with cardiomegaly and ventricular tachycardia Naxos disease (mal de Naxos) – autosomal recessive – focal palmoplantar keratoderma, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia; cardiomegaly and ventricular tachycardia due to focal myocarditis or cardiomyopathy, woolly hair Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; BJD 147:575-581, 2002; JAAD 44:309-311, 2001; AD 136:1247-1252, 2000; Br Heart J 56:321-326, 1986; JAAD 134:1021, 1024, 1998; recessive mutation in desmoplakin Hum Molec Genet 9:2761-2766, 2000 Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin’s syndrome) – autosomal dominant; smooth surfaced rounded papules 1-15-mm; epidermoid cysts and milia; diffuse palmoplantar hyperkeratosis; palmoplantar punctate hyperkeratosis with pits; odontogenic keratocysts; bifid ribs; spina bifida occulta, kyphoscoliosis; broad nasal root, hypertelorism, frontal bossing, syndactyly, calcification of falx cerebri, defective dentition, neurologic and eye abnormalities; abnormal renal resorption of phosphate Am J Med Genet 50:282-290, 1994; Medicine 66:98-113, 1987 Noonan’s syndrome – short stature, webbed neck, hypertelorism, blepharoptosis, epicanthal folds, small chin; skeletal defects, pulmonary stenosis; lymphedema of legs and feet; undescended testes; coarse hair with low posterior hairline;

ulerythema oophyrogenes is a cutaneous marker Am J Med Genet 21:493-506, 1985 Odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia – telangiectatic atrophic patches of face, sparse hair, conical teeth, hyperkeratosis of palms and soles, dystrophic nails Am J Med Genet 14:335-346, 1983 Olmsted syndrome – autosomal dominant; mutilating palmoplantar focal or diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma, hypotrichosis, perioral periorificial, nasal, and anal keratotic papules and plaques; abnormal connexin 26; follicular hyperkeratosis of buttocks and knees; follicular papules; intertrigo, linear streaky hyperkeratosis, leukokeratosis of the tongue, sparse hair anteriorly JAAD 53:S266-272, 2005; Ped Derm 21:603-605, 2004; Ped Derm 20:323-326, 2003; Eur J Derm 13:524-528, 2003; J Dermatol 27: 557-568, 2000; BJD 136:935-938, 1997; AD 132:797-800, 1996; AD 131:738-739, 1995; Semin Derm 14:145-151, 1995; JAAD 31:508-510, 1994; Ped Derm 10:376-381, 1993; BJD 122:245-252, 1990;JAAD 10:600-610, 1984; Am J Dis Child 33:757-764, 1927; follicular hyperkeratosis of buttocks and knees BJD 136:935-938, 1997 Pachyonychia congenita – autosomal dominant. Type 1 (Jadassohn-Lewandosky syndrome) (56%)- autosomal dominant; thick hyperkeratoses of pressure areas of soles, thickened finger and toenails, keratosis pilaris, follicular keratoses of elbows and knees, oral leukokeratosis, symmetric subungual hyperkeratosis; occasional hyperhidrosis J Dermatol 26:677-681, 1999; Ped Derm 14:491-493, 1997; Semin Dermatol 14:129-134, 1995; Ped Derm 7:33-38, 1990; type 1 – keratin 16 mutations Exp Dermatol 9:170-177, 2000; Prenat Diagn 19:941-946, 1999; mutation in keratin 6a Nat Genet 10:363-365, 1995; with steatocystoma multiplex J Dermatol 25:479-491, 1998; pachyonychia congenita tarda Clin Exp Dermatol 20:226-229, 1995; AD 127:701-703, 1991; Type 2 (Jackson-Lawlor syndrome) (24%)-Type 1 plus bullae of palms and soles, palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, natal or neonatal teeth and steatocystoma multiplex or epidermoid cysts. Type 3 (11%) – types 1 and 2 plus angular cheilosis, corneal dyskeratosis, (leukokeratosis) and cataracts. Type 4 (7%) – types 1, 2, and 3 plus laryngeal lesions, hoarseness, mental retardation, hair anomalies, and alopecia BJD 152:800-802, 2005; Clin Exp Dermatol 28:434-436, 2003; JID 117:1391-1396, 2001; JAAD 19:705-711, 1988 Reiter’s syndrome – keratoderma blenorrhagicum Rook p.2765-2766, 1998; Semin Arthritis Rheum 3:253-286, 1974 Palmoplantar and perioroficial keratoderma with corneal epithelial dysplasia BJD 125:186-188, 1991 Progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma – autosomal dominant with variable penetrance; erythematokeratotic plaques on extremities, medial buttocks, sparing chest and abdomen; palmoplantar keratoderma Dermatologica 1982; AD 122:434-440, 1986 Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia – autosomal dominant; palmoplantar keratoderma; ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip/palate and distinct facies (mild frontal prominence, midfacial hypoplasia, small mouth), glossy tongue, congenital absence of lingual frenum and of sublingual caruncles; scalp ulcers, scalp dermatitis, hair abnormalities Am J Med Genet 79:343-346, 1998

Ectodermal dysplasias in association with cleft lip and/or palate include: 1) Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome 2) EEC syndrome (ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, cleft lip/palate) 3) HayWells (AEC) syndrome (ankyloblepharon, ectodermal defects, cleft lip and palate, with extensive scalp dermatitis) JAAD 27:249-256, 1992

Refsum’s disease – heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis Reiter’s syndrome

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (poikiloiderma congenitale) – autosomal recessive; poikiloderma of face and extremities, alopecia, dystrophic teeth and nails, juvenile cataracts, retarded physical development, hypogonadism, bony malformations, cutaneous and non-cutaneous malignancies; erythematous patches and plaques with or without blistering on cheeks, forehead, ears and neck, extensor extremities, buttocks; flexural sparing; these progress to photodistributed poikiloderma; hyperkeratotic lesions and calcinosis may occur; Differential diagnosis includes: acrogeria (Gottron’s syndrome), pangeria (Werner’s syndrome), Kindler’s syndrome, acrokeratotic poikiloderma, Mendes de Costa’s syndrome, sclerosing poikiloderma, cachectic dwarfism (Cockayne’s syndrome), xeroderma pigmentosum, dyskeratosis congenita (Zinsser-Cole-Engman/Cole-Rauschkolb-Toomey syndrome) Ped Derm 18:422-425, 2001; JAAD 27:750-762, 1992 Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome – autosomal recessive; hidrocystomas of eyelid margins, facial telangiectasia, hypodontia with conical teeth, alopecia (thin scalp hair), diffuse fissured palmoplantar keratoderma, brittle and furrowed nails, multiple squamous cell carcinomas AD 140:231-236, 2004; Dermatology 196:463-466, 1998; JAAD 36:569-576, 1997; BJD 127:33-35, 1992; Birth Defects XII:219-221, 1971; eccrine syringofibroadenoma of palms and soles – rough palms and soles BJD 143:591-594, 2000 Schwachman syndrome – autosomal recessive; malabsorption, failure to thrive, neutropenia; dry face with perioral dermatitis, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis; generalized xerosis, follicular hyperkeratosis, widespread dermatitis Ped Derm 9:57-61, 1992; Arch Dis Child 55:531-547, 1980; J Pediatr 65:645-663, 1964 Scleroatrophic and keratotic dermatosis of limbs (scleroatrophic syndrome of Huriez) – autosomal dominant; focal palmoplantar keratoderma; scleroatrophy of hands, sclerodactyly, lamellar palmoplantar keratoderma, xerosis, hypoplastic nails; possible malignant degeneration affected skin, hypohidrosis; chromosome 4q23 BJD 143:1091-1096, 2000; Am J Hum Genet 66:326-330, 2000; Ped Derm 15:207-209, 1998; BJD 137:114-118, 1997; BJD 134:512-518, 1996; JAAD 26:855-857, 1992; Ann Derm Syphilogr 96:135-146, 1969; Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 70:24-28, 1963 Tay’s syndrome – IBIDS Tricho-oculo-dermo-vertebral syndrome (Alves syndrome) – plantar keratoderma Am J Med Genet 46:313-315, 1993 Tricho-oculo-dermo-vertebral syndrome (Alves syndrome) – dry, sparse, brittle hair, dystrophic nails, plantar keratoderma, short stature, cataracts Am J Med Genet 46:313-315, 1993 Tricho-odonto-onychodysplasia syndrome – autosomal recessive; alopecia of vertex; hair dry, brittle, and sparse, enamel hypoplasia of teeth, nail dystrophy, supernumery nipples, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, melanocytic nevi Am J Med Genet 15:67-70, 1983

Arsenical papular punctate palmoplantar hyperkeratosis Acta DV 80:292-293, 2000; J Am Podiatry Assoc 66:91-94, 1976; multiple palmoplantar keratoses Hautarzt 46:198-201, 1995

Callosities – occupational, recreational JID 85:394-397, 1985 Hyperkeratosis of the heel secondary to a foreign body AD 74:469-470, 1956 Pool palms JAAD 27:111, 1992

Lymphedema and keratoderma Hautarzt 42:518-522, 1991 Polyarteritis nodosa Rev Clin Esp 149:379-381, 1978

AD 132:640-651, 1996

ACQUIRED DIFFUSE

Type I – epidermolytic PPK – Vorner – PPK with tonotubular keratin Type II – non-epidermolytic PPK – Unna-Thost-Greither Type III – erythrokeratoderma variabilis, progressive symmitric erythrokeratoderma, Greither’s PPK, keratosis palmoplantaris transgradiens et progrediens, keratosis extremitatum progrediens

ACQUIRED FOCAL

Type I – striate keratoderma, Brunauer-Fuhs-Siemens type, keratosis palmoplantaris varians, Wachter’s PPK, acral keratoderma

Arsenical keratoses JAAD 38:179-185, 1998 Idiopathic punctate PPK Idiopathic filiform porokeratotic PPK Punctate PPK of palmar creases Type I – Buschke-Fischer-Brauer disease; punctata; keratosis papulosa; papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma; keratoderma punctata and maculosa disseminata; Davis-Colley disease Type II – porokeratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris, punctate keratoderma; punctate porokeratois of palms and soles; spiny keratoderma Type III – focal acral hyperkeratosis, acrokeratoelastoidosis lichenoides, degenerative collagenous plaques of the hands

Type I – focal palmoplantar keratoderma with oral hyperkeratosis; keratosis palmoplantaris nummularis, hereditary painful callosities, keratosis follicularis, Jadassohn-Lewandowsky syndrome, pachyonychia congenita type I Type II – pachyonychia congenita type II, Jackson-Sertoli syndrome, Jackson-Lawler pachyonychia congenita Type III – tylosis Type IV – Papillon-Lefevre syndrome Type V – tyrosinemia type II Type VI – Olmsted syndrome Type VII – Vohwinkel syndrome Type VIII – mutilating PPK of Gamborg-Nielsen type, Mal de Meleda, acral keratoderma

Type IX – PPK with sclerodactyly, Huriez syndrome, scleroatrophy and keratotic dermatosis of the limbs, sclertylosis Type X – hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Fischer-Jacobsen – Closton syndrome, alopecia congenita with keratosis palmoplantaris, keratosis palmaris with drumstick fingers, PPK and clubbing Type XI – Naegeli-Franschetti-Jadassohn, congenital poikiloderma with traumatic bulla formation, anhidrosis, and keratoderma Type XII – hyperkeratosis-hyperpigmentation syndrome Type XIII – dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis Type XIV – PPK, woolly hair and endomyocardial fibrodysplasia Type XV – PPK and sensorineural deafness, Bart-Humphrey syndrome Type XVI – ichthyosiform erythroderma, corneal involvement, and deafness; KID syndrome, Desmons syndrome Type XVII – corneodermatoosseous (CDO) syndrome Type XVIII – PPK and spastic paraplegia, Charco-Marie-Tooth disease with PPK and nail dystrophy Type XIX – eyelid cysts, palmoplantar keratosis, hypodontia, hypotrichosis, Schopf-Schultz-Passarge syndrome

PALMOPLANTAR PUSTULES Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau – osteolysis of tuft of distal phalanx AD 118:434-437, 1982; tapered sclerodermoid changes Rook p.1636, 1998, Sixth Edition Acropustulosis of infancy Acute palmoplantar pustulosis Adult Still’s disease – palmoplantar vesiculopustular eruption with fixed facial papules J Korean Med Sci 17:852-855, 2002 Blistering distal dactylitis Candidiasis, congenital cutaneous Clin Inf Dis 32:1579, 1637-1638, 2001 Chronic recalcitrant pustular eruptions of the palms and soles Contact dermatitis Contact Derm 39:108-111, 1998 Drug eruption Dyshidrotic eczema The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.xv, 2000 Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis Cutis 74:107-110, 2004; Dermatology 185:276-280, 1992; Dermatologica 149:1240-1247, 1974 Hereditary acrokeratotic poikiloderma – vesicopustules of hands and feet at 1-3 months of age; widespread dermatitis; keratotic papules of hands, feet, elbows, and knees AD 103:409-422, 1971 Hypothyroidism – palmoplantar pustulosis BJD 121:487-491, 1989 Impetigo herpetiformis (pustular psoriasis of pregnancy) Incontinentia pigmenti Langerhans cell histiocytosis – plantar papulopustules BJD 142:1234-1235, 2000 Lymphoma – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma mimicking palmoplantar pustulosis JAAD 51:139-141, 2004; JAAD 47:914-918, 2002 Milker’s nodule Ghatan p.97, 2002, Second Edition Monkeypox Ghatan p.97, 2002, Second Edition Orf Ghatan p.97, 2002, Second Edition Pustular bacterid of Andrews Arch Dermatol Syphilol 32:837-847, 1935 Pustular idiopathic recurrent palmoplantar hidradenitis JAAD 47:S263-265, 2002

Pustular psoriasis of palms and soles Tyring p.350, 2002; Eur J Dermatol 2:311-314, 1992; Dermatol Clin 2:455-470, 1984 Recurrent self-healing cutaneous mucinosis – red papules of palms and fingertips with pustules and vesicles BJD 143:650-652, 2000 Reiter’s syndrome SAPHO syndrome – palmoplantar pustulosis with sternoclavicular hyperostosis; acne fulminans, acne conglobata, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, multifocal osteitis Cutis 71:63-67, 2003; Cutis 62:75-76, 1998; Rev Rheum Mol Osteoarthritic 54:187-196, 1987; Ann Rev Rheum Dis 40:547-553, 1981 Scabies Am J Dis Child 133:1031-1034, 1979 Secondarily infected hand or foot dermatitis Sweet’s syndrome JAAD 42:332-334, 2000 Syphilis, secondary Sex Transm Dis 5:115-118, 1978 Terbinafine Ann DV 127:279-281, 2000 Tularemia Tyring p.104, 2002

Allergic contact dermatitis – pigmented poison ivy allergic contact dermatitis Graft vs. host disease – chronic; hyperpigmented nodules which soften and atrophy Rook p.2517, 1998, Sixth Edition Morphea AD 122:76-79, 1986 Pemphigus foliaceus resembling seborrheic keratoses AD 126:543-544, 1990 Scleroderma, nodular JAAD 32:343-5, 1995 Still’s disease in the adult – brown coalescent scaly papules JAAD 52:1003-1008, 2005

Accessory tragi Congenital self-healing Langerhans cell histiocytosis – multiple congenital red-brown nodules Ped Derm 17:322-324, 2000 Supernumery nipple Cutis 71:344-346, 2003

Chemotherapy – epidermal dysmaturation; brown papules JAAD 43:358-360, 2000 Lichenoid drug eruption Minocycline pigmentation of scar Cutis 74:293-298, 2004 Nadroparin-calcium injections – calcifying panniculitis BJD 153:657-660, 2005

Foreign body granuloma Mudi-chood – due to oils applied to hair; papulosquamous eruption of nape of neck and upper back; begin as follicular pustules then brown-black papules with keratinous rim Int J Dermatol 31:396-397, 1992 Stockings mimicking nevi

AIDS – photo-induced lichen planus or lichenoid eruption; pruritic papular eruption with HIV in Uganda JAMA 292:2614-2621, 2004 Aspergillosis – primary cutaneous – purple or brown papulonodules AD 129:1189-1194, 1993; AD 124:121-126, 1988; BJD 85 (suppl 17) 95-97, 1971 Botryomycosis in AIDS JAAD 16:238-242, 1987 Cat scratch fever Ghatan p.9, Second Edition Condyloma acuminatum Epidermodysplasia verruciformis Hepatitis C infection – necrolytic acral erythema; red to hyperpigmented psoriasiform plaques with variable scale or erosions JAAD 53:247-251, 2005; Int J Derm 35:252-256, 1996 Herpes zoster, chronic in AIDS AD 126:1048-1050, 1990; JAAD 20:637-642, 1989 Histoplasmosis, disseminated in AIDS Tyring p.341, 2002; brown papule AD 132:341-346, 1996; AD 125:689-694, 1989 Leeches – hyperpigmented papules and nodules due to application of Hirudo medicinalis (leeches) JAAD 43:867-869, 2000 Leishmaniasis – disseminated leishmaniasis with dermatofibroma-like lesions BJD 148:185-187, 2003; Ghatan p.9, Second Edition; hyperpigmented scar Arch Dermatol Res 256:127-136, 1976 Lepromatous leprosy Malacoplakia – violaceous nodules AD 134:244-245, 1998; Am J Dermatopathol 20:185-188, 1998; JAAD 34:325-332, 1996; JAAD 30:834-836, 1994 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – miliary JAAD 23:381-385, 1990; lichen scrofulosorum; lupus vulgaris; nodular tuberculid JAAD 53:S154-156, 2005 Onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus) – transmitted by Simuliidae (humpbacked black fly) localized acute dermatitis or chronic generalized dermatitis; papules, crusted papules, lichenified plaques; often with hyperpigmented nodules JAAD 45:435-437, 2001; Cutis 65:293-297, 2000; BJD 121:187-198, 1989 Papular urticaria – red-brown nodules Ped Derm 19:409-411, 2002 Penicillium marneffei – brown papules and nodules JAAD 49:344-346, 2003 Syphilis, secondary Scabies – red-brown nodules Ped Derm 19:409-411, 2002; Norwegian scabies AD 124:121-126, 1988 Varicella – hyperpigmented scar Ped Derm 18:378-380, 2001 Verrucae – pigmented wart – HPV 4,60,65 BJD 148:187-188, 2003; verruca vulgaris; flat warts Yaws Ghatan p.9, Second Edition

Amyloidosis – amyloid elastosis AD 121:498-502, 1985; lichen amyloidosis Benign cephalic histiocytosis – red-brown nodules Ped Derm 19:409-411, 2002 Congenital self-healing histiocytosis – red-brown nodules Ped Derm 19:409-411, 2002 Langerhans cell histiocytosis – red-brown nodules Ped Derm 19:409-411, 2002

Urticaria pigmentosa (mastocytosis) – red-brown nodules Ped Derm 19:409-411, 2002 Xanthogranuloma – red-brown nodules Ped Derm 19:409-411, 2002 Xanthoma disseminatum – nevi-like red-brownish-yellow papulonodules AD 128:1207-1212, 1992

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis – hyperpigmented plaques Cancer 62:2532-2536, 1988 Pseudolymphoma – red-brown nodules Ped Derm 19:409-411, 2002 Rosai-Dorfman disease (sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy) Ped Derm 17:377-380, 2000 Sarcoid

Addison’s disease – scarring Cutis 66:72-74, 2000 Calcinosis cutis Endometriosis – in Cesarean section scar Z Hautkr 61:940-942, 1986; brown nodule JAAD 21:155, 1989

Acantholytic acanthoma JAAD 19:783-786, 1988 Acrochordon (skin tag) Actinic keratosis Aneurysmal fibrous histiocytomas (variant of dermatofibroma) BJD 153:664-665, 2005 Angiosarcoma Apocrine hidrocystoma AD 127:571-576, 1991 Apocrine nevus JAAD 18:579-581, 1988 Basal cell carcinoma Blue nevus Rook p.1731, 1998, Sixth Edition; cellular blue nevus – light brown papule Bowen’s disease, pigmented BJD 138:515-518, 1998; AD 129:1043-1048, 1993; J Derm Surg Oncol 14:765-769, 1988; mimicking malignant melanoma Derm Surg 27:673-674, 2001; of scrotum J Derm Surg Oncol 12:1114-1115, 1986 Bowenoid papulosis Chordoma, metastatic J Eur Acad DV 11:85-86, 1998 Clear cell eccrine porocarcinoma BJD 149:1059-1063, 2003 Connective tissue nevus Dermal dendrocyte hamartoma (dermal dendrocytoma) – medallion-like; annular brown or red congenital lesion of central chest with slightly atrophic wrinkled surface JAAD 51:359-363, 2004; AD 126:689-690, 1990 Dermatofibroma – brown-yellow papules, nodules Rook p.2350, 1998, Sixth Edition Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Dermatosis papulosa nigra Cutis 32:385-392, 1983; AD 89:655-658, 1964 Desmoid fibromatosis Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.399, 2001 Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma – vascular nodule; macule, red plaque, acral nodule of infants or neonates; painful, red, purple, blue, yellow, brown, skin-colored Ped Derm 22:175-176, 2005; JAAD 47:429-435, 2002; JAAD 37:523-549, 1997; Ped Derm 13:139-142, 1996

Eccrine nevus – brown papule JAAD 51:301-304, 2004 Eccrine poroma – mimicking melanoma Cutis 59:43-46, 1997 Eccrine porocarcinoma AD 131:211-216, 1995 Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma Eccrine syringofibroadenoma JAAD 13:433-436, 1985 Epidermal nevus Eruptive vellus hair cysts Ped Derm 5:94-96, 1988; BJD 116:465-466, 1987 Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus (variant of basal cell carcinoma) BJD 150:1208-1209, 2004; gray-brown papule JAAD 52:168-169, 2005 Fibrokeratoma Fibrous hamartoma of infancy Ped Pathol 14:39-52, 1994 Generalized eruptive histiocytoma (progressive eruptive histiocytomas) – hundreds of skin-colored, brown, blue-red papules; resolve with macular pigmentation; face, trunk, proximal extremities; brown scaly papules AD 139:933-938, 2003; JAAD 35:323-325, 1996; JAAD 31:322-326, 1994; JAAD 20:958-964, 1989; JAAD 17:499-454, 1987; AD 117:216-221, 1981; AD 116:565-567, 1980; AD 96:11-17, 1967; AD 88:586-593, 1963; progressive nodular histiocytoma – red-brown nodules Ped Derm 19:409-411, 2002 Granular cell myoblastoma – red, hyperpigmented Cutis 75:21,23-24, 2005; Ped Derm 14:489-490, 1997; AD 126:1051-1056, 1990 Kaposi’s sarcoma Keloid JAAD 46:S63, 2002; Dermatol Surg 25:631-638, 1999 Leiomyomas – red-brown AD 88:510-520, 1963 Leiomyosarcoma – brown nodule AD 135:341-346, 1999 Leukemia – granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) Lymphoma – red-brown nodules Ped Derm 19:409-411, 2002; cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Ped Derm 21:558-560, 2004; immunocytoma (low grade B-cell lymphoma) – blue or reddish-brown papules JAAD 44:324-329, 2001 Melanoacanthoma Melanocytic nevus, including congenital melanocytic nevus Rook p.1722-1723, 1998, Sixth Edition; congenital dermal melanocytic nevus – widespread hyperpigmented nodules JAAD 49:732-735, 2003; atypical nevi; eruptive atypical nevi in AIDS AD 125:397-401, 1989 Melanoma – primary JAMA 292:2771-2776, 2004; Semin Oncol 2:5-118, 1975; metastatic Metastases – metastatic breast carcinoma as pigmented papule JAAD 31:1058-1060, 1994; AD 125:536-539, 1989 Mucinous nevus BJD 148:1064-1066, 2003; congenital mucinous nevus – brown, skin-colored plaques Ped Derm 20:229-231, 2003 Mucinous eccrine nevus Ped Derm 20:137-139, 2003 Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma – multiple dark brown papules and nodules of extremities JAAD 35:320-322, 1996; AD 132:703-708, 1996; JAAD 30:417-422, 1994 Neurilemmomatosis JAAD 10:344-354, 1984 Neurocutaneous melanosis JAAD 24:747-755, 1991 Neurofibroma resembling congenital melanocytic nevus JAAD 20:358-362, 1989 Neurothekeoma Bolognia p.1845, 2003 Nevus spilus Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of the skin – tan-brown, dark brown nodule JAAD 52:644-647, 2005 Pigmented hamartomatous lesions including: JAAD 10:1-16, 1984

Acanthosis nigricans Epidermal nevus Melanoacanthoma

Nevus verrucosus Nevus sebaceus

Pinkus tumor – flesh, pink, or brown; sessile or pedunculated Cutis 54:85-92, 1994 Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans with CTCL Scars, pigmented

Spontaneously regressing melanoma Pathology 7:91-99, 1975 Hemorrhage within scar Cutis 74:293-298, 2004

Seborrheic keratoses Seborrheic keratosis with trichilemmomas masquerading as melanoma Cutis 54:351-353, 1994 Self-healing reticulohistiocytosis JAAD 13:383-404, 1985 Spitz nevi JAAD 27:901-913, 1992; agminated Spitz nevi BJD 117:511-512, 1987; eruptive Spitz nevi JAAD 15:1155-1159, 1986; congenital Spitz nevus mimicking melanoma JAAD 47:441-444, 2002; combined Spitz nevus – pink, red, tan, or dark brown AD 125:1703-1708, 1989; AD 82:325-335, 1960 Smooth muscle hamartoma Pigmented spindle cell nevus Squamous cell carcinoma BJD 149:1292-1308, 2003; J Cutan Pathol 27:381-386, 2000 Steatocystoma multiplex Syringoacanthoma – seborrheic keratosis-like AD 120:751-756, 1984 Syringomas, including eruptive syringomas Cutis 76:267-269, 2005; AD 140:1161-1166, 2004; J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 15:242-246, 2001; AD 125:1119-1120, 1989; generalized eruptive clear cell syringomas – brown AD 125:1716-1717, 1989 Trichoblastoma – arising in a nevus sebaceus BJD 149:1067-1070, 2003 Vellus hair cysts, eruptive Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia – neoplastic B-cell infiltrates; red-brown or violaceous papulonodules Ann DV 129:53-55, 2002; JAAD 45:S202-206, 2001; Ann DV 112:509-516, 1985

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia Sign of Leser-Trelat

Acanthosis nigricans, including generalized acanthosis nigricans Axillary granular parakeratosis – brownish red keratotic papules AD 140:1161-1166, 2004 Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis Darier’s disease Dowling-Degos disease (reticulated pigmented anomaly of the flexures) Endosalpingosis – ectopic Fallopian tube epithelium; umbilical nodule BJD 151:924-925, 2004 Erythema elevatum diutinum JAAD 49:764-767, 2003 Flegel’s disease (hyperkeratosis lenticularis) JAAD 16:190-195, 1987; Cutis 48:201-204, 1991 Granuloma faciale Kyrle’s disease Lichen nitidus Lichen planus Rook p.1904-1912, 1998, Sixth Edition; lichen planus pigmentosus JAAD 21:815, 1989; Dermatologica 149:43-50, 1974

Lichen planus tropicus Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus Lichen simplex chronicus – in blacks Rook p.3247, 1998, Sixth Edition Lupus miliaris disseminata faciei Periumbilical perforating pseudoxanthoma elasticum JAAD 39:338-344, 1998; JAAD 26:642-644, 1992; AD 115:300-303, 1979 Pityriasis rubra pilaris Pseudoacanthosis nigricans Reactive perforating collagenosis

Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba-Zonana syndrome – supernumerary nipples, hemangiomas, genital hyperpigmentation AD 132:1214-1218, 1996; Am J Med Genet 44:307-314, 1992 Basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome – multiple skin-colored, red and hyperpigmented papules of the face, neck chest, back, proximal extremities, and eyelids; syndrome includes milia-like cysts, comedones, sparse scalp hair, palmar pits, and parallel bands of papules of the neck (zebra stripes) JAAD 43:189-206, 2000 Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome Dyskeratosis congenita Epidermodysplasia verruciformis Greither’s syndrome – warty keratoses on the hands and feet with poikiloderma LEOPARD (Moynahan’s) syndrome – CALMs, granular cell myoblastomas, steatocystoma multiplex, small penis, hyperelastic skin, low-set ears, short webbed neck, short stature, syndactyly JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; Am J Med 60:447-456, 1976; JAAD 40:877-890, 1999; J Dermatol 25:341-343, 1998; Am J Med 60:447-456, 1976; AD 107:259-261, 1973; Proc R Soc Med 55:959-960, 1962 Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis AD 140:919-921, 2004 Neurofibromatosis – type I, type II, or segmental Rook p.379, 1998, Sixth Edition Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis – nevus spilus in phacomatosis pigmentovascularis type IIIb AD 125:1284-1285, 1989 POEMS syndrome – cutaneous angiomas, blue dermal papules associated with Castleman’s disease (benign reactive angioendotheliomatosis), diffuse hyperpigmentation, morphealike changes, maculopapular brown-violaceous lesions, purple nodules JAAD 44:324-329, 2001; JAAD 40:808-812, 1999; Cutis 61:329-334, 1998; JAAD 21:1061-1068, 1989; AD 124:695-698, 1988; JAAD 12:961-964, 1985 Steatocystoma multiplex

Burn scar Surgery 121:654-661, 1997 Scar

Acquired progressive lymphangioma AD 131:341-346, 1995 Benign (reactive) angioendotheliomatosis (benign lymphangioendothelioma, acquired progressive lymphangioma, multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis) – present at birth; red brown or violaceous nodules or plaques on face, arms, legs with petechiae, ecchymoses, and small areas of necrosis

AD 140:599-606, 2004; JAAD 38:143-175, 1998; AD 114:1512, 1978 Glomus tumors – plaque type glomus tumors Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma – brown to violaceous nodule with ecchymotic halo AD 138:117-122, 2002; AD 136:1571-1572, 2000; JAAD 41:215-224, 1999; J Cutan Pathol 26:279-286, 1999; JAAD 32:282-284, 1995

Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome JAAD 14:792-796, 1986 Dermatitis herpetiformis Caputo p.24, 2000 IgA pemphigus foliaceus JAAD 20:89-97, 1989 Pemphigoid (herpes) gestationes Pemphigoid nodularis – crusted papules and nodules BJD 147:343-349, 2002 Pemphigus erythematosus JAAD 10:215-222, 1984 Pemphigus foliaceus – starts in seborrheic distribution (scalp, face, chest, upper back) Rook p.1860-1861, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 83:52-70, 1961 Rheumatoid arthritis – vasculitis – papulonecrotic lesions JAAD 48:311-340, 2003; rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis JAAD 45:596-600, 2001; Cutis 60:203-205, 1997 Systemic lupus erythematosus

Lichenoid drug eruption Syringosquamous metaplasia – red, blanching, crusted papules; due to cancer chemotherapy AD 126:73-77, 1990; Am J Dermatopathol 12:1-6, 1990

Bindii (Jo-Jo) dermatitis JAAD 10:768-773, 1984 Blasting cap explosion Fiberglass dermatitis The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.xv, 2000

Adiaspiromycosis (Chrysosporium species) – hyperpigmented plaque with white-yellow papules, ulcerated nodules, hyperkeratotic nodules, crusted nodules, multilobulated nodules JAAD S113-117, 2004 African histoplasmosis AIDS – papular dermatitis of AIDS Alternariosis J Formos Med Assoc 91:462-466, 1992; AD 124:1421-1426, 1988 Amebiasis – Acanthamoeba; crusted nodules in HIV disease AD 139:1647-1652, 2003 Anthrax – Bacillus anthracis; malignant pustule; face, neck, hands, arms; starts as papule then evolves into bulla on red base; then hemorrhagic crust with edema and erythema with small vesicles; edema of surrounding skin Am J Dermatopathol 19:79-82, 1997; J Clin Inf Dis 19:1009-1014, 1994; Br J Opthalmol 76:753-754, 1992;

J Trop Med Hyg 89:43-45, 1986; Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 38:355-361, 1981 Aspergillosis, primary cutaneous Botryomycosis – Staphylococcus aureus Campylobacter jejuni – in X-linked agammaglobulinemia J Clin Inf Dis 23:526-531, 1996 Candidal sepsis Cat scratch disease Cutis 49:318-320, 1992 Coccidioidomycosis JAAD 26:79-85, 1992 Cowpox Clin Exp Dermatol 12:286-287, 1987 Coxsackie virus A9, B13 – purpuric exanthem Crytococcosis Cutaneous larva migrans Cytomegalovirus infection Dermatology 200:189-195, 2000 Demodex folliculorum – papulonodular demodicidosis in AIDS JAAD 20:197-201, 1989 Dental sinus Echo virus 4, 9, 11 Ecthyma Caputo p.139, 2000 Eczema herpeticum – atopic dermatitis, Hailey-Hailey disease, congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, Darier’s disease, CTCL, pemphigus foliaceus, burn, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome Ghatan p.130, 2002, Second Edition Epidemic typhus Fire ant bites Fusarium sepsis Ped Derm 9:255-258, 1992; Fusarium solanae JAAD 32:346-351, 1995 Gianotti-Crosti syndrome Gonococcemia Herpes simplex – herpetic folliculitis BJD 142:555-559, 2000 Histoplasmosis Insect bite reactions The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon Publishing p.xiii, 2000 Leishmaniasis – hands, face, neck, arms JAAD 51:S125-128, 2004; Clin Inf Dis 33:815,897-898, 2001; AD 125:1540-1542, 1989; JAAD 12:985-992, 1985; chronic lupoid leishmaniasis AD 132:198-202, 1996 Leprosy – tuberculoid leprosy Meningococcemia J Clin Inf Dis 21:1023-1025, 1995 Milker’s nodule Mite bites – grocer’s itch, coolie itch, copra mite, wheat-pollard mite, baker’s itch, dried fruit itch, Cheyletiella Molluscum contagiosum Mycobacterium kansasii Ped Derm 18:131-134, 2001 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – miliary tuberculosis; large crops of blue papules, crusted papules, vesicles, pustules, hemorrhagic papules; red nodules; vesicles become necrotic to form ulcers Practitioner 222:390-393, 1979; Am J Med 56:459-505; AD 99:64-69, 1969; congenital tuberculosis – red papule with central necrosis AD 117:460-464, 1981; papulonecrotic tuberculid – dusky red crusted or ulcerated papules occur in crops on elbows, hands, feet, knees, legs; also ears, face, buttock, and penis Int J Dermatol 30:487-490, 1991; JAAD 14:815-826, 1986; lupus vulgaris; lichen scrofulosorum Ped Derm 17:373-376, 2000; AD 124:1421-1426, 1988; Clin Exp Dermatol 1:391-394, 1976 Myiasis – tumbu fly myiasis AD 131:951-956, 1995 North American blastomycosis – disseminated blastomycosis Am Rev Resp Dis 120:911-938, 1979; Medicine 47:169-200, 1968

Onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus) – transmitted by Simuliidae (humpbacked black fly) localized acute dermatitis or chronic generalized dermatitis; papules, crusted papules, lichenified plaques; often with hyperpigmented nodules JAAD 45:435-437, 2001; Cutis 65:293-297, 2000; BJD 121:187-198, 1989 Ornithodoriasis – tick bites Paecilomyces lilacinus JAAD 37:270-271, 1997 Papular urticaria Paracoccidioidomycosis – near mouth, anus, or genitalia J Clin Inf Dis 23:1026-1032, 1996 Pediculosis Penicillium marneffei – necrotic papules JAAD 37:450-472, 1997 Portuguese man-of-war sting Protothecosis BJD 146:688-693, 2002 Rat bite fever (Streptobacillus moniliformis (pleomorphic facultative anaerobic bacillus) or Spirillium minor (Soduku)) – macular, petechial, or morbilliform widespread exanthem; palmoplantar rash; arthralgia and chronic arthritis; Haverhill fever (raw milk) – papules, crusted papules, vesicles, pustules; chronic abscesses Cleveland Clin Q 52 (2):203-205, 1985; Pediatr Clin North Am 26:377-411, 1979 Rickettsia slovaca (Hungary) – Dermacentor marginatus or D. reticulatus tick bite; erythema marginatum-like lesions; scalp papules, crusted scalp papules and subsequent alopecia; tick-borne lymphadenopathy Clin Inf Dis 34:1331-1336, 2002 Ricketsial pox (Rickettsia akari) (house mouse mite bite) – generalized papules, vesicles, papulovesicles, crusts NEJM 331:1612-1617, 1994; Clin Inf Dis 18:624-626, 1994 Rocky Mountain spotted fever Sandfly bites Rook p.1425-1426, 1998, Sixth Edition Scabies Rook p.1460, 1998, Sixth Edition; crusted S Med J 87:352-356, 1994; Semin Dermatol 12:15-21, 1993 Schistosomiasis – ectopic cutaneous schistosomiasis Septic emboli Sporotrichosis Staphylococcal sepsis Syphilis, palisading granuloma JAAD 12:957-60, 1985; nodular syphilis AD 126:1666-9, 1989; lues maligna JAAD 22:1061-1067, 1990 Tinea capitis – favus; yellowish cup-shaped crusts (scutula) Dermatologica 125:369-381, 1962 Tinea corporis,invasive Trench fever Tularemia – necrotic papule Cutis 54:276-286, 1994 Varicella The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon Publishing, 2000; p.xi Viral exanthem Yaws – primary (mother yaw) – crusted papule; secondary (daughter yaws, pianomas, framboesiomas)) – small papules which ulcerate, become crusted; resemble raspberries; periorificial (around mouth, nose, penis, anus, vulva); extend peripherally (circinate yaws); hyperkeratotic plantar plaques (crab yaws); periungualRook p.1268-1271, 1998, Sixth Edition Zygomycosis JAAD 23:346-351, 1995

Eosinophilic histiocytosis JAAD 13:952-958, 1985 Juvenile xanthogranuloma, congenital Ped Derm 13:65-68, 1996

Langerhans cell histiocytosis – in adults or children JAAD 13:383-404, 1985; congenital self-healing variant Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.438, 2001

Erythema multiforme with epidermal necrosis Kikuchi’s histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis JAAD 36:342-346, 1997 Pyoderma gangrenosum – mimicking transient acantholytic dermatosis Acta DV (Stockh) 61:77-79, 1981 Sarcoid – resembling papulonecrotic tuberculid Arch Dermatol Syphilol 13:675-676, 1926

Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria Ped Derm 4:229-233, 1987 Prurigo of pregnancy (Besnier’s prurigo) – multiple excoriated papules of abdomena and extensor extremities Australas J Dermatol 9:258-267, 1968 Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia AD 128:372-376, 1992

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy Aneurysmal fibrous histiocytomas (variant of dermatofibroma) BJD 153:664-665, 2005 Basal cell carcinoma Bowen’s disease Rook p.1674-1675, 1998, Sixth Edition Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative lesions BJD 151:372-380, 2004 Eruptive keratoacanthomas of Grzybowski Infantile choriocarcinoma JAAD 14:918-927, 1986 Leukemia Lymphoma – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; pityriasis lichenoides chronica-like lesions in CTCL BJD 142:347-352, 2000; CD8+ CTCL AD 126:801-804, 1990; lymphomatoid granulomatosis AD 127:1693-1698, 1991; AD 126:801-804, 1990; pemphigus foliaceus-like disorder in chronic T-cell leukemia JAAD 18:1197-1202, 1988; Epstein-Barr virus-associated T-cell lymphoma – necrotic, crusted papules; eyelid edema and intramuscular infiltration mimicking dermatomyositis BJD 147:1244-1248, 2002 Lymphomatoid papulosis – papules or nodules with central necrosis Am J Dermatopathol 18:221-235, 1996; JAAD 17:632-636, 1987; JAAD 13:736-743, 1985 Melanocytic nevi – inflammatory nevi evolving into halo nevi in children BJD 152:357-360, 2005 Melanoma, verrucous – crusted pigmented papule AD 124:1534-1538, 1988 Metastatic breast cancer Poroma JAAD 44:48-52, 2001 Spitz nevus JAAD 27:901-913, 1992 Squamous cell carcinoma Transient myeloproliferative disorder associated with mosaicism for trisomy 21 – vesiculopustular rash NEJM 348:2557-2566, 2003; in trisomy 21 or normal patients; periorbital vesiculopustules, red papules, crusted papules, and ulcers; with periorbital edema Ped Derm 21:551-554, 2004 Waldenström’s IgM storage papules – skin-colored translucent papules on extensor extremities, buttocks, trunk; may be hemorrhagic, crusted, or umbilicated JAAD 45:S202-206, 2001

Reactive perforating collagenosis BJD 142:190-191, 2000 Sterile suppurative folliculitis associated with acute myelogenous leukemia BJD 146:904-907, 2002

Actinic prurigo JAAD 44:952-956, 2001; Australas J Dermatol 42:192-195, 2001; Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 15:183-187, 1999; Int J Dermatol 34:380-384, 1995; JAAD 26:683-692, 1992; JAAD 5:183-190, 1981; Clin Exp Dermatol 2:365-372, 1977; familial, in Native Americans of North America Int J Dermatol 10:107-114, 1971; in Caucasians BJD 144:194-196, 2001; occurrence in others besides Native Americans JAAD 34:612-617, 1996; Southeast Asians Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 9:225-228, 1992 Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis Rook p.1672-1673, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 40:479-480, 1999; Int J Derm 38:204-206, 1999 Hydroa aestivale

Acne excoriée Acne keloidalis JAAD 53:1-37, 2005 Acne necrotica miliaris Rook p.1122, 1998, Sixth Edition Acne necrotica varioliformis Acute parapsoriasis (pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta) (Mucha-Habermann disease) AD 123:1335-1339, 1987; AD 118:478, 1982; acute febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann disease JAAD 29:903-906, 1993 Darier’s disease Clin Inf Dis 32:1643-1647, 2001 Dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata Erythema elevatum diutinum – red nodules, crusted papules Cutis 68:41-42,55, 2001 Granuloma annulare, perforating Int J Derm 36:340-348, 1997; generalized perforating granuloma annulare JAAD 27:319-322, 1992 Grover’s disease (transient or persistent acantholytic dermatosis) JAAD 35:653-666, 1996; AD 101:426-434, 1970; folliculitis JAAD 11:253-256, 1984; precipitating factors include ribavirin, irritation, occlusion, sunlight, heat and sweating, xerosis, malignancy, pregnancy, ionizing radiation, interleukin-4, membranous glomerulonephritis BJD 142:1257-1258, 2000 Guttate parapsoriasis Hailey-Hailey disease BJD 126:275-282, 1992; Arch Dermatol Syphilol 39:679-685, 1939 Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (Flegel’s disease) JAAD 27:812-816, 1992 Keratosis lichenoides chronica BJD 144:422-424, 2001 Kyrle’s disease Lichen planus Pityriasis lichenoides chronica Caputo p.20, 2000 Pityriasis rosea Pityriasis rubra pilaris Prurigo nodularis Rook p.671-672, 1998, Sixth Edition Psoriasis Reactive perforating collagenosis and other perforating disorders Dermatologica 171:255-258, 1985; acquired perforating dermatosis BJD 135:671-677, 1996; BJD 129:211, 1993

Relapsing linear acantholytic dermatosis JAAD 33:920-922, 1995; BJD 112:349-355, 1985

Factitial dermatitis Neurotic excoriations The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon Publishing p.ix, 2000

Behçet’s disease Congenital self-healing histiocytosis (Hashimoto-Pritzker disease) – congenital crusted red or blue nodules Skin and Allergy News, p.31, Feb 2001 Degos’s disease Lipoid proteinosis – crusted red papules of face heal with scarring Ped Derm 22:266-267, 2005; BJD 151:413-423, 2004; JID 120:345-350, 2003; Hum Molec Genet 11:833-840, 2002; JAAD 39:149-171, 1998; Arch Pathol Anat 273:286-319, 1929 Prader-Willi syndrome – picker’s papules AD 128:1623-1625, 1992 Reflex sympathetic dystrophy – ulcerating papules Cutis 68:179-182, 2001

Dioxin exposure – late manifestation JAAD 19:812-819, 1988

Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronicus helicis – papule of helix or antihelix JAAD 2:148-154, 1980 Walkman dermatosis – crusted papules on arm and trunk AD 123:1225-1226, 1228-1229, 1987

Churg-Strauss disease – papulonecrotic lesions JAAD 48:311-340, 2003 Leukocytoclastic vasculitis Polyarteritis nodosa Pyogenic granuloma Rook p.2354-2355, 1998, Sixth Edition Takayasu’s arteritis – papulonecrotic tuberculid-like lesions AD 123:796-800, 1987 Wegener’s granulomatosis – papulonecrotic lesions JAAD 48:311-340, 2003; JAAD 28:710-718, 1993

Chronic granulomatous disease – chilblains JAAD 36:899-907, 1997; X-linked chronic granulomatous disease – photosensitivity, chilblain lupus of fingertips and toes Ped Derm 3:376-379, 1986 Lupus erythematosus – acral papulonodular dermal mucinosis JAAD 27:312-315, 1992; chilblain lupus – fingers, toes, elbows, knees, calves, knuckles, nose, ears BJD 143:1050-1054, 2000; BJD 98:497-506, 1978; systemic lupus – recurrent Osler’s nodes Angiology 20:33-37, 1969

Rheumatoid arthitis – rheumatoid nodules JAAD 11:713-723, 1984; rheumatoid vasculitis – Bywater’s lesions; purpuric papules Cutis 71:462, 464, 2003; Rook p.2184, 1998, Sixth Edition; BJD 77:207-210, 1965 Scleroderma – CREST syndrome with calcinosis cutis – digital papule

Congenital infantile digital fibromatosis Ped Derm 19:370-371, 2002 Supernumerary digit – digital papule Ped Derm 20:108-112, 2003

Carpal tunnel syndrome – chilblain-like lesions with necrosis Heberden’s nodes of knuckles – degenerative joint disease JAAD 43:892, 2000

Acral dysesthesia syndrome

Foreign body granulomas, including cactus spine (Opuntia cactus) granulomas Cutis 65:290-292, 2000; sea urchin granulomas Phenytoin reaction – keratotic finger papules Cutis 61:101-102, 1998

AIDS – erythema elevatum diutinum in AIDS JAAD 28:919-922, 1993, JAAD 26:38-44, 1992 Cat scratch disease, inoculation papule Ped Derm 5:1-9, 1988 Endocarditis, acute bacterial Gonococcemia Leishmaniasis – post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis Leprosy, lepromatous JAAD 11:713-723, 1984 Milker’s nodules JAAD 49:910-911, 2003; Tyring p.57, 2002; digital papule Rook p.998, 1998, Sixth Edition Mycobacterium marinum Clin Inf Dis 31:439-443, 2000 Orf – Parapoxvirus (genus); Family Poxviridae Cutis 71:288-290, 2003; AD 126:235-240, 1990 Osler’s node (subacute bacterial endocarditis) – small, red papules on distal finger and toe pads Clin Inf Dis 32:63,149, 2001; NEJM 295:1500-1505, 1976 Parvovirus B19 – dermatomyositis-like Gottron’s papules Hum Pathol 31:488-497, 2000 Penicillium marneffei – brown papules of fingers JAAD 49:344-346, 2003 Rat bite fever Septic emboli JAAD 47:S263-265, 2002 Sporotrichosis Staphylococcal sepsis JAAD 47:S263-265, 2002 Syphilis – primary chancre; secondary Caputo p.146, 2000; condyloma lata of toe webs Cutis 57:38-40, 1996 Trichophyton rubrum – invasive T. rubrum in immunosuppressed patients Tularemia

Tungiasis (Tunga penetrans) (toe-tip or subungual nodule) – crusted or ulcerated Acta Dermatovenerol (Stockh) 76:495, 1996; JAAD 20:941-944, 1989; AD 124:429-434, 1988 Verruca vulgaris – digital papule, knuckle pads Derm Surg 27:591-593, 2001; flat warts

Acral persistent papular mucinosis JAAD 51:982-988, 2004; AD 122:1237-1239, 1986; mimicking knuckle pads AD 140:121-126, 2004; JAAD 27:1026-1029, 1992 Amyloidosis – nodular amyloidoisis of the toe AD 139:1157-1159, 2003 Lichen myxedematosis (scleromyxedema) – resembling acral persistent papular mucinosis BJD 144:594-596, 2001; Dermatology 185:81, 1992; mimicking knuckle pads Recurrent self-healing cutaneous mucinosis – red papules of palms and fingertips with pustules and vesicles BJD 143:650-652, 2000 Self-healing juvenile cutaneous mucinosis – knuckle nodules JAAD 11:327-332, 1984; JAAD 31:815-816, 1994; Dermatology 189:93-94, 1994

Erythema multiforme Medicine 68:133-140, 1989; JAAD 8:763-765, 1983; plantar nodules Ped Derm 15:97-102, 1998 Palmoplantar eccrine neutrophilic hidradenitis Ped Derm 15:97-102, 1998; AD 131:817-820, 1995 Sarcoid – fingertip nodules JAAD 44:725-743, 2001; JAAD 11:713-723, 1984 Verruciform xanthoma of toes in patient with Milroy’s disease due to persistent leg edema Ped Derm 20:44-47, 2003; JAAD 20:313-317, 1989

Calcinosis cutis – digital papules Cutis 66:465-467, 2000; plate-like calcinosis cutis; digital papular calcific elastosis J Cutan Pathol 17:358-370, 1990 Gout – tophus – digital papule (s) Cutis 64:233-236, 1999; AD 134:499-504, 1998 Oxalosis – calcium oxalate Am J Kid Dis 25:492-497, 1995; secondary oxalosis – papules on palmar skin of fingers JAAD 31:368-372, 1994 Xanthomas – type II hypercholesterolemia

Acquired digital fibrokeratoma – digital papule AD 124:1559-1564, 1988; JAAD 12:816-821, 1985 Acquired subungual exostoses JAAD 26:295-298, 1992 Actinic keratoses Rook p.1671, 1998, Sixth Edition; in transplant patients JAAD 47:1-17, 2002 Aggressive digital papillary adenocarcinoma – occur on fingers and toes Cutis 72:145-147, 2003; Dermatol Surg 26:580-583, 2000; JAAD 23:331-334, 1990 Aggressive digital papillary adenoma Cutis 69:179-182, 2002; AD 120:1612, 1984 Aggressive infantile fibromatosis AD 107:574-579, 1973 Angiokeratoma of Mibelli – autosomal dominant; associated with chilblains; on dorsum of fingers, toes, hands, feet AD 106:726-728, 1972

Atrial myxoma – tender red fingertip papule JAAD 21:1080-1084, 1989 Basal cell carcinoma – periungual – basal cell carcinoma of toenail unit JAAD 48:277-278, 2003 Blue nevus – of nail fold Ghatan p.115, 2002, Second Edition Bowen’s disease Chondroblastoma, subungual – toe tip Ped Derm 21:452-453, 2004 Clear cell syringofibroadenoma of Mascaro – subungual papule BJD 144:625-627, 2001 Dermatofibroma – digital papule; papule of foot Caputo p.57, 2000; fibrous dermatofibroma – periungual fibroma Rook p.2846, 1998, Sixth Edition Digital fibrous tumor of childhood – toe nodule AD 131:1195, 1198, 1995 Digital myxoid cyst Derm Surg 27:591-593, 2001 Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma – toes, fingers, palms and soles – skin-colored to blue JAAD 47:429-435, 2002; Ped Derm 13:139-142, 1996; JAAD 37:523-549, 1997; Ped Derm 14:401-402, 1997; Ped Derm 18:117-119, 2001; Ped Derm 14:401-402, 1997; skin-colored nodule with blue papules JAAD 41:109-111, 1999 Eccrine poroma – digital papule AD 74:511-512, 1956 Eccrine spiradenoma – papule of proximal nail fold AD 140:1003-1008, 2004 Enchondroma Derm Surg 27:591-593, 2001; may be subungual Epidermal nevus – digital papule Epidermoid cyst – digital papule JAAD 43:892, 2000 Epithelioid sarcoma – nodule of flexor finger or palm AD 121:389-393, 1985; JAAD 14:893-898, 1986 Erythema elevatum diutinum Exostosis, subungual (bony exostosis) (variant of osteochondroma) JAAD 45:S200-201, 2001; Derm Surg 27:591-593, 2001; subungual exostosis Cutis 68:57-58, 2001; Rook p.2846, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 128:847-852, 1992; differentiate from carcinoma of the nailbed, Koenen’s tumor, pyogenic granuloma, verruca, glomus tumor, melanoma Fibroma – digital papule or subungual fibroma Derm Surg 27:591-593, 2001 Fibroma of the tendon sheath JAAD 11:625-628, 1984 Fibromatosis Garlic clove tumor (fibroma) (acquired periungual fibrokeratoma) Rook p.2846, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 97:120-129, 1968 Giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath – single or multiple BJD 147:403-405, 2002; JAAD 43:892, 2000; nodules of the fingers J Dermatol 23:290-292, 1996; overlying dorsal digital interphalangeal crease J Hand Surg 5:39-50, 1980; subungual giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath Cutis 58:273-275, 1996 (nail dystrophy and swelling) Granular cell tumor – digital papule, paronychial nodule Cutis 62:147-148, 1998; Cutis 35:355-356, 1985 Infantile digital fibromatosis – multiple soft fibromas on dorsal digits JAAD 49:974-975, 2003; AD 138:1245-1251, 2002; BJD 143:1107-1108, 2000; Ped Derm 8:137-139, 1991; J Cut Pathol 5:339-346, 1978; on lateral fifth finger AD 141:549-550, 2005 Infantile myofibromatosis – skin-colored to purple-red multiple nodules or papules Cutis 73:229-231, 2004; Cancer 7:953-978, 1954 Infundibular follicular cyst Intraosseous epidermoid cysts JAAD 27:454-455, 1992 Kaposi’s sarcoma

Keratoacanthoma – digital papule AD 120:736-740, 1984 Leukemia cutis – digital papule; preleukemic state of monocytosis and neutropenia – perniotic lesions BJD 81:327-332, 1969; chronic myelomonocytic leukemia – chilblain-like lesions BJD 115:607-609, 1986; AD 121:1048-1052, 1985; chronic myelomonocytic leukemia – chilblain-like lesions JAAD 50:S42-44, 2004 Lipoma – periungual lipoma JAAD 51:S91-93, 2004; subungual lipoma BJD 149:418, 2003 Malignant proliferating onycholemmal cyst J Cut Pathol 21:183, 1994 Melanocytic nevus Rook p.1722-1723, 1998, Sixth Edition Melanoma Metastatic tumors – plantar nodule of toe; pancreatic carcinoma AD 139:1497-1502, 2003; bronchogenic carcinoma – subungual papule Cutis 35:121-124, 1985; squamous cell carcinoma – palmar nodule Neurofibroma AD 124:1185-1186, 1988; myxoid neurofibroma, periungual Cutis 69:54-56, 2002 Neurofibrosarcoma J Pediatr 51:566-70, 1957 Neurothekoma, subungual JAAD 52:159-162, 2005 Osteochondroma, subungual Derm Surg 27:591-593, 2001 Osteoma cutis JAAD 39:527-544, 1998; JAAD 20:973-978, 1989 Progressive nodular fibrosis of the skin – nodules on fingers JID 87:210-216, 1986 Reactive fibrous papule of the fingers (giant-cell fibroma) – fingers and palms Dermatologica 143:368-375, 1971 Squamous cell carcinoma Derm Surg 27:591-593, 2001 Syringomatous carcinoma – multilobulated digital nodule BJD 144:438-439, 2001 Traumatic neuroma Vascular and myxoid fibromas of the fingers – multiple warty lesions of palms and fingers JAAD 2:425-431, 1980 Verrucous acanthoma

Accessory digit Acrokeratoelastoidosis Dermatology 188:28-31, 1994 Congenital hypertrophy of the lateral nail folds of the hallux Ped Derm 5:243-245, 1989 Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) – knuckle pads (juxtaarticular nodules), papules JAAD 49:764-767, 2003; Cutis 67:381-384, 2001; Ped Derm 15:411-412, 1998; including EED associated with HIV disease – digital papule; of feet Caputo p.29, 2000; papules of proximal nail fold Tyring p.358, 2002 Focal acral hyperkeratosis Dermatology 188:28-31, 1994 Granuloma annulare JAAD 3:217-230, 1980 Greither’s palmoplantar keratoderma (transgradiens et progradiens palmoplantar keratoderma) Cutis 65:141-145, 2000 Knuckle pads (heloderma) Caputo p.47, 2000; AD 129:1043-1048, 1993 Lichen nitidus – digital papule, knuckle pads AD 134:1302-1303, 1998 Lichen simplex chronicus – knuckle pads Palmoplantar keratoderma, epidermolytic – papules on knuckles BJD 125:496, 1991 Psoriasis Rook p.1604, 1998, Sixth Edition Reactive perforating collagenosis of childhood

Bulimia nervosa – Russell’s sign (crusted knuckle nodules) Clin Orthop 343:107-109, 1997; JAAD 12:725-726, 1985; perniosis Clin Sci 61:559-567, 1981; pseudo knuckle pads (calluses on 2nd 5th MCP joints) Psychol Med 9;429-48, 1979

Alport’s syndrome – gouty tophi, nephritis, deafness Bart-Pumphrey syndrome – knuckle pads, leukonychia, deafness and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome – nail fold lesions Ghatan p.115, 2002, Second Edition Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (molluscum pseudotumor) – knuckle pads Ellis van Creveld syndrome – polydactyly JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; Ped Derm 18:68-70, 2001 Familial multiple acral mucinous fibrokeratomas – verrucous papules of the fingers JAAD 38:999-1001, 1998 Familial histiocytic dermatoarthritis – knuckle pads Farber’s disease (disseminated lipogranulomatosis) – red papules and nodules of joints and tendons of hands and feet; deforming arthritis; papules, plaques and nodules of ears, back of scalp and trunk Rook p.2642, 1998, Sixth Edition; Am J Dis Child 84:449-500, 1952 Fibroblastic rheumatism – symmetrical polyarthritis, nodules over joints and on palms, elbows, knees, ears, neck, Raynaud’s phenomenon, sclerodactyly; skin lesions resolve spontaneously AD 139:657-662, 2003; Ped Derm 19:532-535, 2002; AD 131:710-712, 1995; Clin Exp Dermatol 19:268-270, 1994; JAAD 14:1086-1088, 1986; Rev Rheum Ed Fr 47:345-351, 1980; periungual papules Ped Derm 19:532-535, 2002 François syndrome (dermochondrocorneal dystrophy) – knuckle pads; nodules on hands, nose and ears Ann DV 104:475-478, 1977; AD 124:424-428, 1988 Hunter’s syndrome – MPS II – knuckle pads Ped Derm 12:370-372, 1995 Incontinentia pigmenti – painful subungual keratotic tumor of IP JAAD 50:S45-52, 2004; JAAD 47:169-187, 2002; J Hand Surg 18B:667-669, 1993; AD 124:29-30, 1988 Infantile systemic hyalinosis – knuckle pads Ped Derm 11:52-60, 1994 Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis – pearly white papules of face and neck; larger papules and nodules around nose, behind ears, on fingertips, knuckle pads; multiple subcutaneous nodules of scalp, trunk, and extremities, papillomatous perianal papules; joint contractures, skeletal lesions, gingival hyperplasia, stunted growth Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.444-445, 2001; Caputo p.54, 2000; AD 121:1062-1063, 1985; AD 107:574-579, 1973 Knuckle pads, leukonychia and deafness syndrome Ghatan p.159, 2002, Second Edition Knuckle pads with palmoplantar keratoderma and acrokeratoelastoidosis Ledderhose’s nodules (plantar fibromatosis) JAAD 41:106-108, 1999; Dupuytren’s contracture (palmar fibromatosis) and/or Peyronie’s disease – knuckle pads Lipoid proteinosis – acral papules BJD 151:413-423, 2004; JID 120:345-350, 2003; BJD 148:180-182, 2003; Hum Molec Genet 11:833-840, 2002; digital papule AD 132:1239-1244, 1996 Maffucci’s syndrome – enchondromas, angiomas, cartilaginous nodules Rook p.2847, 1998, Sixth Edition; Dermatologic Clinics 13:73-78, 1995; JAAD 29:894-899, 1993

Mal de Meleda – knuckle pads Ped Derm 14:186-191, 1997 Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis – digital papule; knuckle pads yellow papules and plaques AD 140:919-921, 2004; JAAD 49:1125-1127, 2003; Rook p.2325-2326, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 126:251-252, 1990; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 65:721-725, 1988; Pathology 17:601-608, 1985; JAAD 11:713-723, 1984; AD 97:543-547, 1968 Multiple exostoses syndrome JAAD 25:333-335, 1991 Neurofibromatosis – digital papule, knuckle pads Ollier syndrome – multiple enchondromas Rook p.2847, 1998, Sixth Edition Pachydermodactyly – benign fibromatosis of fingers of young men AD 129:247-248, 1993; JAAD 27:303-305, 1992; AD 111:524, 1975 Pachyonychia congenita – papules on the fingers Palmoplantar keratoderma, Vorner – knuckle pads Proteus syndrome Ped Derm 5:14-21, 1988 Reflex sympathetic dystrophy with chilblain-like lesions Rowell’s syndrome – lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme-like syndrome – papules, annular targetoid lesions, vesicles, bullae, necrosis, ulceration, oral ulcers; perniotic lesions JAAD 21:374-377, 1989 Stiff skin syndrome – knuckle pads Ped Derm 3:48-53, 1985 Trichorhinophalangeal dysplasia syndrome (Laugier-Gideon syndrome) Ped Derm 13:212-218, 1996 Tuberous sclerosis – periungual angiofibromas (Koenen’s tumors) JAAD 18:369-372, 1988; digital papules J Clin Neurol 7:221-224, 1992

Arsenical keratoses – palms and soles; resemble corns; fingers, backs of hands Rook p.1672, 1998, Sixth Edition; JID 4:365-383, 1941

Chilblains (perniosis) – tender, pruritic red or purple digital papules JAAD 47:S263-265, 2002; JAAD 45:924-929, 2001; Rook p.960-961, 1998, Sixth Edition Dermatophagia (‘wolf-biter’) Cutis 59:19-20, 1997 Garrod’s pads – violinist’s knuckles – thickened skin over the interphalangeal joints from intense flexion of the tendons of the fingers Neuroma, traumatic – digital papule; palisaded encapsulated neuroma AD 140:1003-1008, 2004; interdigital neuroma JAAD 38:815-819, 1998; traumatic neuroma due to treatment of supernumerary digit Ped Derm 20:108-112, 2003 Writer’s callus

Acroangiodermatitis of Mali – pseudo-Kaposi’s sarcoma; chronic venous insufficiency, arteriovenous malformations, paralysis – tops of first and second toes Acta DV (Stockh) 75:475-478, 1995; Int J Dermatol 33:179-183, 1994 Angiofibroma Angiokeratoma – of nail fold Angiolipoleiomyoma – ears, fingers, toes JAAD 38:143-175, 1998 Cholesterol emboli AD 122:1194-1198, 1986

Chylous lymphedema – xanthomas of toes and feet BJD 146:134-137, 2002 Digital verrucous fibroangioma Acta DV 72:303-304, 1992 Emboli – atrial myxoma – acral papule BJD 147:379-382, 2002 Glomus tumors – digital papule, subungual Derm Surg 27:591-593, 2001 Hemangioma – of foot or toes Caputo p.58, 2000; subungual Ghatan p.115, 2002, Second Edition Neonatal hemangiomatosis Pyogenic granuloma – digital papule Derm Surg 27:591-593, 2001; Rook p.2354-2355, 1998, Sixth Edition Wegener’s granulomatosis AD 130:861-867, 1994

Lupus erythematosus – discoid lupus erythematosus Rook p.2444-2449, 1998, Sixth Edition; NEJM 269:1155-1161, 1963 Pemphigus foliaceus Rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatitis JAAD 45:596-600, 2001

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis BJD 121:463-469, 1989; Arch Dermatol Res 278:153-160, 1985 Scabies, Norwegian (crusted) Tinea versicolor Tinea nigra Tuberculosis – lupus vulgaris Int J Dermatol 40:336-339, 2001 Verrucae planae

Amyloidosis – lichen amyloidosis Rook p.2628-2630, 1998, Sixth Edition

Rosai-Dorfman disease BJD 134:749-753, 1996

Diabetes mellitus – diabetic pretibial pigmented patches

Actinic keratosis Rook p.1671, 1998, Sixth Edition Bowen’s disease, pigmented Dermatologica 157:229-237, 1978 Bowenoid papulosis Clear cell acanthoma – pigmented keratotic papule Am J Dermatopathol 16:134-139, 1994 Eccrine porocarcinoma, dark brown AD 131:211-216, 1995 Eruptive keratoacanthomas Syringomas Cutis 66:259-262, 2000; AD 126:954-955, 957-958, 1990 Warty dyskeratoma

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis Darier’s disease Ann Dermatol 10:597, 1889; J Cutan Genitourin Dis 7:201, 1889; linear Darier’s disease Dowling-Degos disease Erythema elevatum diutinum JAAD 26:38-44, 1992 Fox-Fordyce disease Granular parakeratosis JAAD 52:863-867, 2005 Hailey-Hailey disease Ichthyosis or ichthyosiform eruption, including X-linked ichthyosis Lichen amyloidosis – familial and non-familial Lichen planus and lichen planus pigmentosus J Dermatol 24:193-197, 1997 Pityriasis rubra pilaris Terra firme

Congenital self-healing histiocytosis – with hemosiderin deposits Ann DV 128:238-240, 2001 Generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome – autosomal dominant; milia, comedone-like lesions, dermatosis papulosa nigra, skin tag-like lesions, hypotrichosis, palmar pits JAAD 45:644-645, 2001 Phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica Dermatology 197:377-380, 1998

Granulomatous pigmented purpuric eruption J Dermatol 23:551-555, 1996

Calcium oxalate Calcium phosphate Calcium pyrophosphate Metastatic calcification – deposition of calcium in the media of blood vessels of the kidneys, myocardium, stomach,lungs and skin

Etiology of metastatic calcification: Extensive bone destruction Milk-alkali syndrome Primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism Primary hypoparathyroidism Pseudohypoparathyroidism Chronic renal failure Sarcoid Vitamin D intoxication

Monosodium urate Pustules

Accessory tragus – facial, glabellar papule – isolated, Treacher Collins syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis; autosomal

dominant), Goldenhaar syndrome (oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome) – macroglossia, preauricular tags, abnormal pinnae, facial asymmetry, macrostomia, epibulbar dermoids, facial weakness, central nervous system, renal, and skeletal anomalies, Nagers syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (chromosome 4 deletion syndrome), oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome Ped Derm 17:391-394, 2000; Townes-Brocks syndrome Am J Med Genet 18:147-152, 1984; VACTERL syndrome J Pediatr 93:270-273, 1978; Hurson syndrome

Differential diagnosis of accessory tragus includes: Acrochordon Adnexal tumor Auricular fistula Branchial cleft cyst and/or fistula Cartilaginous remnants Congenital midline hamartoma Epidermoid cyst Hair follicle nevus Lipoma Skin tags Thyroglossal duct cyst Wattle

Bronchogenic cyst – skin-colored nodule of chin BJD 143:1353-1355, 2000 Congenital midline hamartoma – polypoid nodule of chin Ped Derm 7:199-201, 1990 Congenital vellus hamartoma (hair follicle nevus) – skin-colored papule of face Int J Dermatol 31:578-581, 1992 Dermoid cyst (midline) Pediatr Rev 11 (9):262-267, 1990 Lacrimal duct cyst Meningocoele Nasal glioma – blue or red nodule J Neurosurg 64:516-519, 1986; Pediatr Rev 11 (9):262-267, 1990; papule of nose AD 137:1095-1100, 2001 Neuroblastoma Rhabdomyosarcoma

Silicone – metastatic silicone granuloma AD 138:537-538, 2002

Abscess Acremonium sepsis JAAD 37:1006-1008, 1997 Actinomycosis, cervicofacial Laryngoscope 94:1198-1217, 1984 Anthrax – Bacillus anthracis; malignant pustule; face, neck, hands, arms; starts as papule then evolves into bulla on red base; then hemorrhagic crust with edema and erythema with small vesicles; edema of surrounding skin Br J Ophthalmol 76:753-754, 1992; J Trop Med Hyg 89:43-45, 1986; Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 38:355-361, 1981 Bacillary angiomatosis – Bartonella henselae AD 131:933-936, 1995 Botryomycosis Candidal sepsis Chromomycosis – Aureobasidium pullulans AD 133:663-664, 1997 Dental sinus Fusarium sepsis JAAD 37:1006-1008, 1997 Herpes simplex – pseudolymphoma appearance – violaceous nodule Am J Dermatopathol 13:234-240, 1991 Insect bite

Kerion Leishmaniasis Milker’s nodule Molluscum contagiosum BJD 115:131-138, 1987 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – scrofuloderma – infected lymph node, bone, joint, lacrimal gland with overlying red-blue nodule which breaks down, ulcerates, forms fistulae, scarring with adherent fibrous masses which may be fluctuant and draining BJD 134:350-352, 1996; BCG granuloma; lupus vulgaris Myiasis – cuterebrid myiasis Ped Derm 21:515-516, 2004 North American blastomycosis Pseudomonas sepsis JAAD 32:279-280, 1995; Am J Med 80:528-529, 1986 Rhinosporidiosis – nasal polyp Rickettsial pox Syphilis Wart

Amyloidosis – nodular tumefactive amyloid Rook p.2628-2630, 1998, Sixth Edition Cutaneous focal mucinosis (superficial angiomyxoma) – face, trunk, or extremities Am J Surg Pathol 12:519-530, 1988; AD 93:13-20, 1966 Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate Rook p.2401, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 124:1091-1093, 1988 Papular xanthoma JAAD 22:1052-1056, 1990; Ped Derm 15:65-67, 1998 Urticaria pigmentosa Xanthogranuloma AD 112:43-44, 1976

Erythema nodosum Rook p.2200, 1998, Sixth Edition Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma – facial papulonodule AD 137:1253-1255, 2001 Lymphocytoma cutis Rook p.2400, 1998, Sixth Edition; Cancer 69:717-724, 1992; Acta DV (Stockh) 62:119-124, 1982; Cancer 24:487-502, 1969 Nodular fasciitis – subcutaneous facial nodule AD 137:719-721, 2001 Sarcoid Rook p.2687, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 133:882-888, 1997; NEJM 336:1224-1234, 1997; Clinics in Chest Medicine 18:663-679, 1997 Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn – facial nodule AD 134:425-426, 1998

Cutaneous calculus BJD 75:1-11, 1963 Ossifying fasciitis – red nodule of the nose JAAD 37:357-361, 1997

Acrochordon Actinic keratosis Adenoid cystic carcinoma Angiolipoma Apocrine carcinoma Cancer 71:375-381, 1993

Apocrine hidrocystoma AD 137:657-662, 2001 Atypical fibroxanthoma Cutis 51:47-48, 1993; Cancer 31:1541-1552, 1973; subcutaneous facial nodule AD 137:719-721, 2001 Basal cell carcinoma – single or multiple Rook p.1681-1683, 1998, Sixth Edition; Acta Pathol Mibrobiol Scand 88A:5-9, 1980 Basaloid follicular hamartoma JAAD 27:237-240, 1992 Blue nevus Rook p.1731, 1998, Sixth Edition CD 34 + fibrous papule of the nose JAAD 35:342-345, 1996 Chondroid syringoma – solitary papule AD 125:1127-1132, 1989 Clear cell acanthoma – pink papule Ann Dermatol Syphilol 89:361-371, 1962 Clear cell hidradenoma (eccrine acrospiroma) Cylindroma – red nodule AD 129:495-500, 1993 Dermal dendrocytoma AD 126:689-690, 1990 Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma J Cutan Pathol 17:45-52, 1990 Eccrine hidroadenoma – dermal nodule with or without ulceration; face, scalp, anterior trunk AD 97:651-661, 1968 Eccrine poroma Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma – face, scalp, palm J Cutan Pathol 14:65-86, 1987 Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Ped Derm 15:403-405, 1998 Epidermoid cyst – single or multiple Rook p.1667, 1998, Sixth Edition Epidermolytic acanthoma, solitary – keratotic papule AD 101:220-223, 1970 Epithelioid sarcoma – nose J Cutan Pathol 27:186-190, 2000 Facial neuroma Fibrofolliculoma JAAD 11:361-363, 1984; JAAD 17:493-496, 1987 Fibrous papule of the face (nose) (angiofibroma) JAAD 10:670-671, 1984 Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma JAAD 34:77-81, 1996; JAAD 32:814-816, 1995 Hidradenoma, benign nodular AD 140:609-614, 2004 Hidradenoma papilliferum JAAD 41:115-118, 1999 Hidrocystoma Inverted follicular keratosis J Clin Pathol 28:465-471, 1975 Juvenile xanthogranuloma Kaposi’s sarcoma JAAD 41:860-862, 1999; JAAD 40:312-314, 1999 Rook p.1063, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 38:143-175, 1998; Dermatology 190:324-326, 1995 Keloid Keratoacanthoma Leiomyoma – angiomyoma Rook p.2367, 1998, Sixth Edition Leukemia cutis BJD 143:773-779, 2000 Lichen planus-like keratosis Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (flesh-colored or red-purple) Lymphoma Melanocytic nevus Rook p.1722-1723, 1998, Sixth Edition Melanoma, including metastatic melanoma Merkel cell carcinoma Metastases Microcystic adnexal carcinoma Am J Dermatopathol 19:358-362, 1997 Milia, including multiple eruptive milia – face, earlobe Rook p.1669, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 37:353-356, 1997; Cutis 60:183-184, 1997; Clin Exp Dermatol 21:58-60, 1996

Mixed tumor of the face J Dermatol 23:369-371, 1996 Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma BJD 133:308-310, 1995 Multiple myeloma AD 139:475-486, 2003 Neurofibroma Neuroma, facial Neurothekoma – red nodule of face, nose AD 139:531-536, 2003 Palisaded encapsulated neuroma AD 125:386-389, 1989 Parotid tumor – subcutaneous facial nodule AD 137:719-721, 2001 Perifollicular fibroma AD 100:66-69, 1969 Pilar sheath acanthoma – umbilicated skin-colored papule with central keratinous plug of moustache area AD 114:1495-1497, 1978 Pilar tumor of nose Cutis 36:251-252, 1985 Pilomatrixoma Curr Prob Derm 14:41-70, 2002; Pediatr Rev 11 (9):262-267, 1990; Cancer 45:2368-2373, 1980 Porocarcinoma AD 136:1409-1414, 2000 Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma Am J Dermatopathol 11:58-63, 1989 Rhabdomyosarcoma Curr Prob Derm 14:41-70, 2002; JAAD 30:243-249, 1994; AD 124:1687, 1988 Sebaceous carcinoma Br J Ophthalmol 82:1049-1055, 1998; Br J Plast Surg 48:93-96, 1995; JAAD 25:685-690, 1991; J Derm Surg Oncol 11:260-264, 1985; papule Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.40-41, 1999; morpheic plaque, blepharitis JAAD 14:668-673, 1986 Sebaceous hyperplasia Seborrheic keratosis Solitary fibrous tumor of the skin – facial nodule JAAD 46:S37-40, 2002 Spitz nevus – single or multiple Pediatr Rev 11 (9):262-267, 1990 Squamous cell carcinoma Striated muscle hamartoma AD 136:1263-1268, 2000; Ped Derm 16:65-67, 1999; Ped Derm 3:153-157, 1986 Syringocystadenoma papilliferum – solitary papule Rook p.1704, 1998, Sixth Edition Syringoma Am J Dermatopathol 17:465-470, 1995 Trichilemmal carcinoma JAAD 36:1021-1023, 1997 Trichilemmoma – single or multiple Trichoblastic fibroma AD 131:198-201, 1995 Trichoepithelioma, including desmoplastic trichoepithelioma Trichofolliculoma Tumor of follicular infundibulum JAAD 33:979-984, 1995 Verrucous acanthoma

Acne rosacea Rook p.2104-2110, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 134:679-683, 1998 Acne vulgaris Granuloma faciale

Behçet’s syndrome – erythema nodosum; nodule AD 138:467-471, 2002 Carney complex – myxoma Cri du chat syndrome (chromosome 5, short arm deletion syndrome) – premature graying of the hair, pre-auricular skin tag with low-set malformed ears J Pediatr 102:528-533, 1983

Muir-Torre syndrome – sebaceous adenomas, sebaceous carcinomas, keratoacanthomas Curr Prob Derm 14:41-70, 2002; BJD 136:913-917, 1997; JAAD 33:90-104, 1995; JAAD 10:803, 1984 Proteus syndrome – facial nodule Sakati syndrome – patchy alopecia with atrophic skin above ears, submental linear scars, acrocephalopolysyndactyly, short limbs, congenital heart disease, abnormally shaped low-set ears, ear tag, short neck with low hairline J Pediatr 79:104-109, 1971 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome – del (4p) syndrome – preauricular tag or dimple, craniofacial asymmetry, mental and growth retardation, eye lesions, cleft lip and palate, cardiac defects Eur J Hum Genet 8:519-526, 2000

Cold panniculitis (Haxthausen’s disease) Burns Incl Therm Inj 14:51-52, 1988; AD 94:720-721, 1966; BJD 53:83-89, 1941; popsicle panniculitis Pediatr Emerg Care 8:91-93, 1992 Extruding tooth – white papule Cutis 54:253-254, 1994 Granuloma fissuratum

Angiofibroma JAAD 38:143-175, 1998 Angioleiomyoma JAAD 38:143-175, 1998 Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia – papules and/or nodules along hairline AD 136:837-839, 2000; angiofibroma like lesions JAAD 12:781-796, 1985 Angiomatous nevus Hemangioma Hemangiopericytoma Hobnail hemangioma – vascular papules of the nose BJD 146:162-164, 2002 Kimura’s disease – periauricular or submandibular subcutaneous nodule JAAD 38:143-175, 1998 Pyogenic granuloma Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma – pink papule of nose AD 138:259-264, 2002 Tufted angioma Wegener’s granulomatosis

Allergic contact dermatitis – lichenoid eruptions due to p-phenylenediamine in color developers Contact Dermatitis 10:280-285, 1984; nickel allergic contact dermatitis in children with lichenoid id eruption Ped Derm 19:106-109, 2002 Dermatomyositis – Gottron’s papules and papules over joints Rook p.2558-2560, 1998, Sixth Edition Graft vs. host disease, acute of adult – macular erythema starts on face, neck and shoulders, becomes generalized; may become lichenoid or bullous Rook p.2756, 1998, Sixth Edition; chronic AD 126:1324-1329, 1990; AD 132:1161-1163, 1996; JAAD 38:369-392, 1998; AD 134:602-612, 1998 Pemphigus foliaceus presenting as multiple seborrheic keratoses JAAD 11:299-300, 1984 Rheumatoid arthritis – velvet hands

Still’s disease in the adult – brown coalescent scaly papules; persistent psoriasiform papular lesions JAAD 52:1003-1008, 2005

BCG vaccination – lichenoid and red papules and papulopustules Ped Derm 13:451-454, 1996; lichenoid eruption after BCG vaccine (lichen scrofulosorum-like) JAAD 21:1119-1122, 1989 Lichenoid drug eruption Rook p.1916-1918, 1998, Sixth Edition – amiphenazole, captopril, gold AD 109:372-376, 1974; isoniazid, levamisole J R Soc Med 73:208-211, 1980; levopromazine, methyldopa, metropromazine, propranalol, exprenolol, labetalol (β-blockers), chlorpropamide, enalapril, pyrimethamine Clin Exp Dermatol 5:253-256, 1980; antimalarials, quinidine, penicillamine, thiazide diuretics, streptomycin, hydroxyurea, tiopronin, naproxen, carbamazepine, ethambutol, simvastatin, PAS, pravastatin JAAD 29:249-255, 1993; Cutis 61:98-100, 1998; glyburide Cutis 76:41-45, 2005; photo-induced lichen planus (demeclocycline AD 109:97-98, 1974) oral LP, and contact LP; quinacrine – lichenoid dermatitis JAAD 4:239-248, 1981; quinine – lichenoid photodermatitis Clin Exp Dermatol 19:246-248, 1994; hepatitis-B vaccine JAAD 45:61-615, 2001; indomethacin, naproxen, fenclofenac, diflunisal, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, benoxaprofen, aspirin, salsalate JAAD 45:616-619, 2001; amlodipine BJD 144:920-921, 2001; hydroxyurea JAAD 36:178-182, 1997; arsenicals, dapsone, furosemide, methyldopa, penicillamine, phenytoin, streptomycin, sulfonylurea, thiazides Ghatan p.230, 2002, Second Edition; amlodipine BJD 144:920-921, 2001; p-aminosalicylic acid, griseofulvin, ketoconazole, tetracyclines, trovofloxacin, labetalol, doxazosin, prazosin, chloroquin, hydroxychloroquin, quinidine, amitryptiline, chlorpromazine, imipramine, laevonepromazine, lorazepam, methopromazine, phenytoin, furosemide, spironolactone, tolazamide, tolbutamide, gold salts, arsenic, bismuth, mercury, palladium, sulindac, allopurinol, amiphenazole, cinnarizine, cyanamide, dapsone, gemfibrozil, hydroxyurea, interferon-α, iodides, lithium, mercaptopropionylglycine, mesalamine, methyracan, nifedipine, omeprazole, penicillamine, procainamide, pyrimethamine, pyrithioxin, simvastatin, quinine, sulfasalazine, trihexyphenid

Fire corals – urticarial lesions followed by vesiculobullous rash, chronic granulomatous and lichenoid lesions Contact Dermatitis 29:285-286, 1993; Int J Dermatol 30:271-273, 1991 Hydrocarbon (tar) keratosis – flat-topped papules of face and hands; keratoacanthoma-like lesions on scrotum JAAD 35:223-242, 1996 Jellyfish, coral and sea urchin spines – pruritic lichenoid papules and plaques; linear flagellate patterns Bolognia p.1477, 2003

AIDS – pruritic papular eruption of AIDS; firm discrete red, hyperpigmented urticarial papules JAMA 292:2614-2621, 2004 Coxsackie A16 – Gianotti-Crosti-like rash JAAD 6:862-866, 1982 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis BJD 121:463-469, 1989; Arch Dermatol Res 278:153-160, 1985; lichen planus-like appearance Summer AAD Meeting, New York, New York Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (papular acrodermatitis of childhood) JAAD 51:606-624, 2004; Cutis 67:291-294, 2001; Am J Dermatopathol 22:162-165, 2000; JAAD 18:239-259, 1988 HIV-1 dermatitis – lichenoid photodermatitis JAAD 28:167-173, 1993

Leprosy Milker’s nodule – starts as flat red papule on fingers or face, progresses to red-blue tender nodule, which crusts; zone of erythema; may resemble pyogenic granulomas Rook p.1004, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 111:1307-1311, 1975 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – lichen scrofulosorum – yellow to red-brown flat-topped papules, slightly scaly, surmounted with minute pustule; trunk Ped Derm 19:122-126, 2002; Ped Derm 17:373-376, 2000; AD 124:1421-1426, 1988; Clin Exp Dermatol 1:391-394, 1976; miliary tuberculosis JAAD 50:S110-113, 2004 Phaeohyphomycosis – seborrheic keratosis-like lesion AD 123:1597-1598, 1987 Syphilis – secondary Rook p.1248, 1998, Sixth Edition Trichophytid – lichenoid eruption Warts, flat Tyring p.261, 2002; Rook p.1037, 1998, Sixth Edition

Amyloidosis – hemodialysis-induced cutaneous amyloid – lichenoid papules BJD 128:686-689, 1993; lichen amyloid; β2 microglobulin amyloidosis – shoulder pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, flexor tendon deposits of hands, lichenoid papules, hyperpigmentation, subcutaneous nodules (amyloidomas) Int J Exp Clin Invest 4:187-211, 1997 Acral papular mucinosis Benign cephalic histiocytosis – red-brown papules of cheeks, forehead, earlobes, neck Ped Derm 11:265-267, 1994; Ped Derm 6:198-201, 1989; AD 122:1038-43, 1986; JAAD 13:383-404, 1985 Focal mucinosis Juvenile xanthogranuloma (generalized lichenoid juvenile xanthogranuloma) – face, neck, scalp, upper trunk BJD 126:66-70, 1992 Langerhans cell histiocytosis – Letterer-Siwe disease Curr Prob Derm 14:41-70, 2002; JAAD 13:481-496, 1985; Acta DV 61:447-451, 1981 Scleromyxedema (papular mucinosis, lichen myxedematosis) JAAD 33:37-43, 1995 Verruciform xanthoma of scrotum – red or yellow flat-topped papules J Dermatol 16:397-401, 1989

Sarcoidosis JAAD 51:606-624, 2004; Ped Derm 20:416-418, 2003; Ped Derm 18:384-387, 2001; AD 133:882-888, 1997; Cutis 20:651-658, 1977

Basal cell carcinoma – single or multiple Rook p.1681-1683, 1998, Sixth Edition; Acta Pathol Mibrobiol Scand 88A:5-9, 1980 Bowen’s disease, including pigmented Bowen’s disease JAAD 23:440-444, 1990; vulvar Ann DV 109:811-812, 1982; Cancer 14:318-329, 1961 Bowenoid papulosis (penile intraepithelial neoplasia) Rook p.1046-1047, 1998, Sixth Edition; Cancer 57:823-836, 1986; vulvar verrucous, lichenoid, dry, brown, whitish papules or plaques Cancer 57:823-836, 1986 Clear cell papulosis – white flat-topped papules Ped Derm 14:380-382, 1997 Epidermal nevus, including divided epidermal nevi JAAD 29:281-282, 1993

Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus – flat-topped, gray-brown or hypopigmented papule JAAD 52:168-169, 2005 Giant lymph node hyperplasia – Castleman’s disease HTLV-1 lymphoma/leukemia Intraepidermal epithelioma of Borst-Jadassohn AD 131:1329-1334, 1995 Large cell acanthomas – white to red flat-topped papules JAAD 53:335-337, 2005; JAAD 8:840-845, 1983 Lichen planus-like keratosis AD 116:780-782, 1980; Dermatologica 132:386-392, 1966 Lymphoma – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma – lichenoid papules JAAD 23:653-662, 1990; CTCL resembling keratosis lichenoides chronica JAAD 47:914-918, 2002; BJD 138:1067-1069, 1998 Multinucleated atypia of the vulva – white flat-topped papules Cutis 75:118-120, 2005 Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma Cutis 59:190-192, 1997 Nevus anelasticus JAAD 51:165-185, 2004 Seborrheic keratoses, including stucco keratoses Syringomas, including eruptive syringomas Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.53, 1999; Rook p.1712-1713, 1998, Sixth Edition; vulvar – lichenoid papules JAAD 48:735-739, 2003 Trichodiscomas – flat-topped papules of central face JAAD 15:603-607, 1986 Verrucous acanthomas Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia Rook p.1046-1047, 1998, Sixth Edition

Diffuse plane xanthomatosis – flat yellow plaques of eyelids, neck, trunk, buttocks, flexures AD 93:639-646, 1966 Lichenoid vasculitis associated with myeloproliferative disorders BJD 145:359-360, 2001 Paraneoplastic pemphigus – lichenoid lesions of non-mucosal surfaces AD 141:1285-1293, 2005; BJD 150:1018-1024, 2004; BJD 149:1143-1151, 2003; in children BJD 147:725-732, 2002

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis

Acanthosis nigricans Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa JAAD 12:832-836, 1985 Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf AD 141:515-520, 2005; AD 130:508-509, 511-512, 1994; Ann DV 115:1229-1232, 1988; Dermatol Zeitschr 60:227-250, 1931 Aquagenic syringeal acrokeratoderma JAAD 45:124-126, 2001 Asteatotic dermatitis Atopic dermatitis Darier’s disease Epidermolysis bullosa – albopapuloid epidermolysis bullosa (Pasini variant) JAAD 29:785-786, 1993; simplex, Dowling-Meara; pretibial epidermolysis bullosa – lichenoid papules JID 104:803-805, 1995; dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa Flegel’s disease

Granuloma annulare, including generalized granuloma annulare Keratosis lichenoides chronica BJD 144:422-424, 2001 Lichen nitidus Rook p.1925-1926, 1998, Sixth Edition Lichen planus Rook p.1904-1912, 1998, Sixth Edition; lichen planus precipitated by radiation therapy JAAD 46:604-605, 2002 Lichen ruber moniliformis Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus Rook p.2549-2551, 1998, Sixth Edition Lichen simplex chronicus Rook p.668, 1998, Sixth Edition Lichen spinulosis Lichen striatus Papular acantholytic dyskeratosis of the vulva Ped Derm 22:237-239, 2005 Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji AD 127:96-98, 1991 Pityriasis lichenoides chronica (chronic guttate parapsoriasis) Rook p.2222, 1998, Sixth Edition Pityriasis rosea – lichenoid papules at the edges of the lesions S Afr Med J 30:210-218, 1956 Pityriasis rubra pilaris Psoriasis – lichenoid variant of flexures Br Med J ii:823-828, 1954; keratoses in psoriatics on therapy JAAD 23:52-55, 1990; multiple benign eruptive keratoses in psoriatic treated with cyclosporine JAAD 26:128-129, 1992 Unilateral laterothoracic exanthem of childhood AD 138:1371-1376, 2002

Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome (dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata) – uniform, small lichenoid papules resembling pseudoxanthoma elasticum AD 100:465-470, 1969 Clouston’s syndrome (hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia) – syringofibroadenomas – flat-topped coalescing papules (acral) JAAD 40:259-262, 1999 Cowden’s syndrome (multiple hamartoma syndrome) – trichilemmomas JAAD 11:1127-1141, 1984; AD 114:743-746, 1978 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis Ped Derm 20:176-178, 2003; Tyring p.275, 2002 Hereditary focal transgressive palmoplantar keratoderma – autosomal recessive; hyperkeratotic lichenoid papules of elbows and knees, psoriasiform lesions of scalp and groin, spotty and reticulate hyperpigmentation of face, trunk, and extremities, alopecia of eyebrows and eyelashes BJD 146:490-494, 2002 Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis – mimicking dermatomyositis JAAD 48:S11-14, 2003 POEMS syndrome – eruptive seborrheic keratoses JAAD 19:979-982, 1988 Van den Bosch syndrome – acrokeratosis verruciformis with anhidrosis, skeletal deformities, mental deficiency and choroidermia – X-linked recessive Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome – flat warts

Arsenical keratoses Cancer 21:312-339, 1968

Frictional lichenoid dermatitis (Sutton’s summer prurigo) JAAD 51:606-624, 2004; Ped Derm 7:111-115, 1990; AD 94:592-593, 1966

Lymphangioma circumsriptum Pigmented purpuric eruption – lichenoid Multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis – congenital appearance of hundreds of flat vascular papules and and plaques associated with gastrointestinal bleeding, thrombocytopenia with bone and joint involvement; spontaneous resolution J Pediatr Orthop 24:87-91, 2004 Takayasu’s arteritis – lichenoid chest papules AD 123:796-800, 1987

Chronic granulomatous disease – scalp folliculitis Dermatol Therapy 18:176-183, 2005; AD 130:105-110, 1994 Contact dermatitis to nickel, polyoxyethylene lauryl-ether, formaldehyde, chrome, copper, fluoride, homomenthyl salicylate, methyl glucose sesquistearate JAAD 42:879-880, 2000; folliculitis Contact Derm 32:309-310, 1995; to tocopheryl linoleate Dermatology 189:225-233, 1994; to sodium fusidate Contact Derm 23:186-187, 1990 Cyclic neutropenia – folliculitis Ped Derm 18:426-432, 2001; Am J Med 61:849-861, 1976 Dermatomyositis – presenting as a pityriasis rubra pilaris-like eruption (type Wong dermatomyositis) – follicular hyperkeratotic papules of face, back of neck, trunk, linear lesions of backs of hands and feet, palms, soles in Chinese patients JAAD 43:908-912, 2000; BJD 136:768-771, 1997; BJD 81:544-547, 1969; follicular hyperkeratosis BJD 81:544, 1969; juvenile dermatomyositis Ped Derm 17:37-40, 2000 Graft vs. host disease, acute – follicular papules JAAD 38:369-392, 1998; AD 134:602-612, 1998; AD 124:688-691, 1442, 1988; chronic with follicular involvement J Derm 20:242-246, 1993; chronic – follicular keratosis and plugs AD 138:924-934, 2002 Linear IgM dermatosis of pregnancy JAAD 18:412-415, 1988 Lupus erythematosus – systemic lupus – hyperkeratotic follicular papules of trunk and extremities in Chinese Rook p.2475, 1998, Sixth Edition; discoid lupus erythematosus – umbilicated papular eruption of the back with acneform hypertrophic follicular scars BJD 87:642-649, 1972; subacute lupus erythematosus JAAD 35:147-169, 1996; follicular erythema and petechiae in SLE BJD 147:157-158, 2002 Rheumatoid vasculitis – folliculitis JAAD 53:191-209, 2005

Antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody C225 BJD 144:1169-1176, 2001; other antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody J Clin Oncol 20:2240-2250, 2002 Anti-epileptic drugs – acne keloidalis-like lesions Int J Derm 29:559-560, 1990 Carbamazepine – eosinophilic pustular folliculitis JAAD 38:641-643, 1998 Cetuximab – follicular papules and pustules AD 138:129-131, 2002 Corticosteroid folliculitis Int J Derm 37:772-777, 1998 Cyclosporine – cyclosporine-induced folliculodystrophy; cobblestoned follicular papules JAAD 50:310-315, 2004;

hyperplastic pseudofolliculitis barbae BJD 136:132-133, 1997; Dermatologica 172:24-30, 1986; folliculitis Hautarzt 44:521-523, 1993; keratosis pilaris Dermatologica 172:24-31, 1986 Doxorubicin – polyethylene glycol-coated liposomal doxorubicin; scaly erythema with follicular accentuation AD 136:1475-1480, 2000 DRESS syndrome (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) – facial edema, exfoliative dermatitis, follicular eruptions; association with HHV-6; lymphadenopathy, circulating atypical lymphocytes, abnormal liver function tests AD 137:301-304, 2001 Drug eruption, multiple agents 5-fluorouracil – forehead folliculitis JAAD 25:905-908, 1991 Human granulocyte colony stimulating factor – folliculitis AD 134:111-112, 1998; BJD 127:193-194, 1992 Isotretinoin – pseudofolliculitis Lithium – follicular hyperkeratosis Clin Exp Derm 21:296-298, 1996 Phenytoin hypersensitivity – follicular accentuation AD 114:1350-1353, 1978 Smallpox vaccination – focal and generalized folliculitis JAMA 289:3290-3294, 2003

Antimony melting workers – folliculitis J Occup Med 35:39-44, 1993 Bone marrow autograft – eosinophilic folliculitis Cancer 73:2512-2514, 1994 Chloracne – folliculitis of thighs and forearms Clin Exp Derm 18:523-525, 1993 Coal tar products – pitch, asphalt, creosote – diffuse melanosis of exposed skin; evolves to atrophy, telangiectasia, lichenoid papules, follicular keratosis Rook p.1117,1791, 1998, Sixth Edition Contact epilating folliculitis Cutis 54:12-13, 1994 Exogenous ochronosis (follicular accentuation) JAAD 19:942-946, 1988 Fiberglass dermatitis Kao Hsiung I Hsueh 12:491-494, 1996 Irritant folliculitis Rook p.710, 1998, Sixth Edition Localized perifollicular cold urticaria JAAD 26:306-308, 1992 Mineral oils – folliculitis Rook p.1117, 1998, Sixth Edition Mudi-chood – due to oils applied to hair; papulosquamous eruption of nape of neck and upper back; begin as follicular pustules then brown-black papules with keratinous rim Int J Dermatol 31:396-397, 1992 Oil field mud – calcinosis cutis from percutaneous penetration of oil field drilling mud JAAD 12:172-175, 1985 Polycyclic hydrocarbons – folliculitis G Ital Med Lav Ergon 19:152-163, 1997 Sugar cane worker folliculitis Cutis 54:12-13, 1994 Synthetic sport shorts folliculitis Arch Ped Adolesc Med 148:1230-1231, 1994

AIDS – pruritic follicular papular eruption of HIV disease Int J Derm 32:784-789, 1993; AIDS-associated eosinophilic pustular folliculitis NEJM 318:1183-1186, 1988; Sex Transm Infec 4 (3):229-230, 1987; necrotizing folliculitis in AIDS BJD 116:581-584, 1987 Ancylostoma caninum larvae folliculitis AD 127:247-250, 1991

Bacterial folliculitis, usually staphylococcal J Dermatol 25:563-568, 1998 Brucellosis – contact brucellosis Candidiasis, disseminated – nodular folliculitis; Candida folliculitis mimicking tinea barbae Int J Derm 36:295-297, 1997 Cheyletiella dermatitis AD 116:435-437, 1980 Clostridium perfringens – facial folliculitis Clin Inf Dis 26:501-502, 1998 Cryptococcosis Cutaneous larva migrans – folliculitis BJD 146:314-316, 2002 Demodex folliculitis Am J Dermatopathol 20:536-537, 1998; J Med Assoc Thai 74:116-119, 1991; JAAD 21:81-84, 1989 Dermatophytids – associated with kerion; widespread eruption follicular papules sometimes with keratotic spines J Dermatol 21:31-34, 1994 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae – rare systemic form with perifollicular papules Rook p.1138, 1998, Sixth Edition Gram-negative folliculitis complicating acne therapy Fortschr Med 115:42-44, 1997 Herpes simplex infection – sycosis, folliculitis AD 113:983-986, 1997 Herpes zoster – red plaque with follicular prominence AD 113:983-986, 1997 Histoplasmosis AD 132:341-346, 1996 Leishmaniasis – post-kala-azar leishmaniasis – nodular J Cutan Pathol 25:95-99, 1998 Lupoid sycosis BJD 138:199-200, 1998 Molluscum contagiosum JAAD 51:478-479, 2004; AD 113:983-986, 1997; BJD 113:493-495, 1985 Mycobacterium avium complex – traumatic inoculation folliculitis, BJD 130:785-790, 1994 Mycobacterium chelonae – folliculitis Rev Clin Esp 196:606-609, 1996 Mycobacterial infection, rapid growers (Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. abscessus) – folliculitis and/or furunculosis BJD 152:727-734, 2005 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – acne scrofulosorum – follicular papules heal with scarring; domed papulopustular follicular lesions Clin Exp Dermatol 6:339-344, 1981; BJD 7:341-351, 1895; lupus vulgaris presenting as granulomatous folliculitis Int J Derm 28:388-392, 1989; acute miliary, in AIDS Eur J Clin Micro Infect Dis 14:911-914, 1995; JAAD 26:356-359, 1992; lichen scrofulosorum BJD 94:319-325, 1976; AD 124:1421-1426, 1988; papulonecrotic tuberculid – folliculitis Am J Derm 16:474-485, 1994 Penicillium marneffei – folliculitis Lancet 344:110-113, 1994; Mycoses 34:245-249, 1991 Pityrosporum folliculitis – upper trunk and upper arms Int J Derm 38:453-456, 1999; Int J Derm 37:772-777, 1998; JAAD 12:56-61, 1985; AD 107:388-391, 1973; Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon in Pityrosporum folliculitis J Cutan Pathol 18:293-297, 1991 Pseudomonas – Pseudomonas diving suit folliculitis Cutis 59:245-246, 1997; JAAD 31:1055-1056, 1994; Pseudomonas hot tub folliculitis Cutis 45:97-98, 1990; Pseudomonas folliculitis in HIV JAAD 32:279-280, 1995; Pseudomonas folliculitis with non-0:11 serogroups J Clin Inf Dis 21:437-439, 1995; Pseudomonas folliculitis after depilation Ann Derm Venereol 123:268-270, 1996 Scabies – diffuse papular folliculitis Rook p.1069, 1998, Sixth Edition Schistosoma haematobium folliculitis Amer J Derm 16:442-446, 1994

Staphylococcus aureus – folliculitis Rook p.1116, 1998, Sixth Edition; chronic folliculitis of the legs of Indian males Indian J DV 39:35-39, 1973 Syphilis – secondary Cutis 35:259-261, 1985; syphilitic folliculitis Med Clin North Am 82:1081-1104, 1998; alopecia of secondary syphilis Am J Dermatopathol 17 (2):158-162, 1995 Tinea capitis, corporis, barbae Int J Derm 33:255-257, 1994 Tinea versicolor Trichodysplasia spinulosa – folliculocentric viral infection J Invest Dermatol Symp Proc 4:268-271, 1999 Trichophytid, lichenoid Trichosporon beigeleii folliculitis Derm Clinics 14:57-67, 1996 Tufted folliculitis of the scalp – Staphylococcus aureus BJD 138:799-805, 1998; JAAD 38:857-859, 1998 Tumbu fly myiasis – folliculitis AD 13:951, 1995 West Nile virus – scattered red papules resembling folliculitis JAAD 51:820-823, 2004 Yaws – follicular pustules

Benign cephalic histiocytosis JAAD 12:328-331, 1985 Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults – in scalp and groin – follicular pustules JAAD 28:166-170, 1993; presenting as scalp folliculitis AD 13:719-720, 1995

Hidradenitis suppurativa AD 133:967-970, 1997 Necrotizing infundibular crystalline folliculitis – follicular papules with waxy keratotic plugs BJD 145:165-168, 2001 Perforating folliculitis Am J Dermatopathol 20:147-154, 1998; AD 97:394-399, 1968 Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (dissecting cellulitis of the scalp) Ann DV 121:328-330, 1994 Sarcoid Eur J Dermatol 10:303-305, 2000 Sterile neutrophilic folliculitis with perifollicular vasculopathy J Cutan Pathol 25:215-221, 1998

Biotin deficiency Cholinergic/adrenergic urticaria Hereditary LDH M-subunit deficiency AD 122:1420-1424, 1986 Kwashiorkor Liver disease – vesiculopustular eruption of hepatobiliary disease Int J Derm 36:837-844, 1997 Miliaria Acta DV 77:1-3, 1997; miliaria profunda Papular dermatitis of pregnancy – folliculitis Semin Derm 8:23-25, 1989 Phrynoderma – vitamin A deficiency – hyperkeratotic follicular papules (umbilicated) of elbows, knees, neck, posterior axillary folds JAAD 41:322-324, 1999; AD 120:919-921, 1984; Indian Med Gazette 68:681-687, 1933; folliculitis JAAD 29:447-461, 1993; phrynoderma as sign of general malnutrition not specific for Vitamins A, B, E or essential fatty acid deficiency Ped Derm 22:60-63, 2005 Pretibial myxedema Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy – limbs and abdomen JAAD 43:132-134, 2000; Semin Derm 8:23-25, 1989; AD 117:20-22, 1981 Riboflavin deficiency (vitamin B2 deficiency) – ‘dyssebacea’

Scurvy – follicular hyperkeratosis or perifollicular hemorrhagic keratotic papules JAAD 41:895-906, 1999; JAAD 29:447-461, 1993; NEJM 314:892-902, 1986 Uremic follicular hyperkeratosis JAAD 26:782-783, 1992 Vitamin A intoxication – follicular keratoses Rook p.2656, 1998, Sixth Edition; NEJM 315:1250-1254, 1986 Vitamin B12-induced folliculitis DICP 23:1033-1034, 1989

Basaloid follicular hamartoma JAAD 43:189-206, 2000; Ped Derm 16:281-284, 1999; AD 131:454-458, 1995; JAAD 27:237-240, 1992 Becker’s nevus Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma with follicular accentuation J Pediatr 110:742-724, 1987; JAAD 13:837-838, 1985 Epidermal nevus Eruptive infundibulomas JAAD 21:361-366, 1989 Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma JAAD 34:77-81, 1996 Generalized follicular harmatoma (S) AD 131:454-8, 1995; AD 107:435-440, 1973; AD 99:478-493, 1969 Hamartoma moniliformis Clin Exp Derm 13:34-35,1988 Inverted follicular keratosis Keratoacanthomas – multiple keratoacanthomas JAAD 23:862-866, 1990; generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma of Grzybowski – skin-colored to red, dome-shape follicular papules of face (confluent), trunk, proximal extremities; ectropion, narrowing of mouth with keratosis of face; oral involvement BJD 142:800-803, 2000; JAAD 37:786-787, 1997; BJD 91:461-463, 1974; AD 97:615-623, 1968 Lymphoma – follicular (pilotropic) cutaneous T-cell lymphoma BJD 152:193-194, 2005; JAAD 48:448-452, 2003; JAAD 48:238-243, 2003; AD 138:191-198, 2002; AD 137:657-662, 2001; BJD 141:315-322, 1999; Ann DV 126:243-246, 1999; JAAD 36:563-568, 1997; AD 132:683-687, 1996; JAAD 29:330-334, 1993; Am J Dermatopathol 16:52-55, 1994; JAAD 31:819-822, 1994; keratosis-pilaris-like AD 132:683-687, 1996; CTCL with alopecia mucinosa; lymphomatoid granulomatosis – folliculitis-like eruptions AD 127:1693-1698, 1991; HTLV-1 JAAD 34:69-76, 1996 Lymphomatoid papulosis Am J Dermatopathol 19:189-196, 1997 Melanoma – metastatic melanoma; mimicking folliculitis Z Hautkr 60:1682, 1685-1689, 1985 Milia Myeloma with cryoglobulinemia – follicular spicules JAAD 32:834-839, 1995; myeloma – hyperkeratotic filiform follicular spicules JAAD 49:736-740, 2003; JAAD 36:476-477, 1997 Nevoid follicular epidermolytic hyperkeratosis AD 111:221-222, 1975 Nevus anelasticus JAAD 51:165-185, 2004 Nevus comedonicus Nevus sebaceus Pigmented follicular cysts BJD 134:758-762, 1996 Sebaceous casts – nasolabial follicular sebaceous casts; filiform projections BJD 143:228-229, 2000 Sebaceous gland hyperplasia Am J Dermatopathol 18:296-301, 1996 Smooth muscle hamartoma – linear, follicular spotted appearance JAAD 46:477-490, 2002; BJD 142:138-142, 2000; AD 114:104-106, 1978 Steatocystoma multiplex

Trichilemmal cyst – folliculitis J Cutan Pathol 17:185-188, 1990 Trichodiscomas Acta DV 68:163-165, 1988 Vellus hair cysts – eruptive Eur J Dermatol 10:487-489, 2000; familial eruptive vellus hair cysts (keratosis pilaris-like) Ped Derm 5:94-96, 1988

Palmoplantar keratoderma and malignancy AD 132:640-645, 1996 Paraneoplastic follicular hyperkeratotic spicules in myeloma AD 126:509-513, 1990 Sterile suppurative folliculitis associated with acute myelogenous leukemia BJD 146:904-907, 2002

Actinic superficial folliculitis BJD 139:359-360, 1998; BJD 138:1070-1074, 1998; Clin Exp Dermatol 14:69-71, 1989; BJD 113:630-631, 1985

Acne keloidalis nuchae JAAD 53:1-37, 2005; JAAD 39:661, 1998; Dermatol Clin 6:387-395, 1988 Acne necrotica miliaris Rook p.1122, 1998, Sixth Edition Acne necrotica varioliformis (necrotizing lymphocytic folliculitis) AD 132:1367, 1370, 1996; JAAD 16:1007-1014, 1987 Acne rosacea Rook p.2104-2110, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 134:679-683, 1998; acne agminata (granulomatous rosacea) – monomorphic brown papules of chin, cheeks, eyelids BJD 134:1098-1100, 1996 Acne vulgaris Curr Probl Derm 8:237-268, 1996; follicular white papular scarring of the back Rook p.1949-1951, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 126:797-800, 1990 Alopecia and follicular papules Int J Derm 38 (Suppl 1):31, 1999

Alopecia, keratosis pilaris, cataracts and psoriasis Alopecia mucinosa (follicular mucinosis) Dermatology 197:178-180, 1998; AD 125:287-292, 1989; JAAD 10:760-768, 1984; AD 76:419-426, 1957 Atrichia with papular lesions JAAD 47:519-523, 2002; AD 121:1167-1174, 1985 Down’s syndrome Hayden’s disease Ichthyosis follicularis with atrichia and photophobia (IFAP) – collodion membrane and erythema at birth; generalized follicular keratoses, non-scarring alopecia, keratotic papules of elbows, knees, fingers, extensor surfaces, xerosis; punctate keratitis JAAD 46:S156-158, 2002; Am J Med Genet 85:365-368, 1999 AD 125:103-106, 1989; Dermatologica 177:341-347, 1988 Monilethrix Noonan’s syndrome Pachyonychia congenita Schopf-Schulz-Passarge syndrome

Alopecia, keratosis pilaris, cataracts and psoriasis Alopecia mucinosa (follicular mucinosis) Dermatology 197:178-180, 1998; AD 125:287-292, 1989; JAAD 10:760-768, 1984; AD 76:419-426, 1957 Acquired perforating dermatosis – folliculitis J Derm 20:329-340, 1993 Atopic dermatitis Acta DV Suppl 171:1-37, 1992 Atrichia with papular lesions JAAD 47:519-523, 2002; AD 121:1167-1174, 1985

Atrophoderma vermiculatum Ped Derm 15:285-286, 1998 Axillary granular parakeratosis – folliculitis JAAD 37:789-790, 1997 Cutis anserina (gooseflesh) Darier’s disease – dirty yellow-brown papules; autosomal dominant Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; linear Darier’s disease J Derm 25:469-475, 1998 Dermatitis palaestrae limosae JAMA 269:502-504, 1993 Dermographism, follicular Cutis 32:244-245, 254, 260, 1983 Dilated pore of Winer Dissecting folliculitis of the scalp J Derm Surg Oncol 18:877-880, 1992 Disseminated and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis – neck, trunk, extremities J Derm 25:51-53, 1998; Dermatol Clin 6:353-362, 1988; AD 105:580-583, 1972 Dowling-Degos disease JAAD 24:888-892, 1991 Elastosis perforans serpiginosa – folliculitis J Derm 20:329-340, 1993 Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji’s disease) Clin Exp Dermatol 26:179-181, 2001; HIV-associated J Dermatol 25:178-184, 1998; J Derm 25:742-746, 1998; AD 127:206-209, 1991; Ofuji’s disease – follicular plugs Ann DV 124:540-543, 1997; JAAD 29:259-260, 1993; JAAD 12:268-273, 1985; AD 121:921-923, 1985 Erosive pustular dermatitis of the scalp – folliculitis-like Hautarzt 43:576-579, 1992 Erythema toxicum neonatorum Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli (keratosis rubra pilaris faciei atrophicans – facial erythema, KP, follicular atrophy) – cheeks and pre-auricular area JAAD 34:714, 1996; JAAD 32:863-866, 1995; JAAD 25:430-432, 1991; Cutis 34:163-170, 1984; JAAD 5:533-534, 1981; BJD 102:323-325, 1980 Erythrose peribuccale pigmentale of Brocq Facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption – folliculitis Clin Exp Derm 15:163-166, 1990 Flegel’s disease (hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans) – keratinous papules of calves BJD 116:681-691, 1987 Folliculitis decalvans – follicular plugging of scalp, inflammation, and pustules; scarring J Dermatol 28:329-331, 2001 Folliculitis decalvans – follicular plugging of scalp, inflammation, and pustules; scarring J Dermatol 28:329-331, 2001 Follicular ichthyosis BJD 111:101-109,1984 Fox-Fordyce disease Rook p.2002, 1998, Sixth Edition Granuloma annulare – follicular, pustular granuloma annulare BJD 138:1075-1078, 1998 Granuloma faciale – follicular prominence Int J Dermatol 36:548-551, 1997; AD 129:634-635, 637, 1993 Ichthyosis congenita type IV – erythrodermic infant with follicular hyperkeratosis BJD 136:377-379, 1997 Juxtaclavicular beaded lines Keratosis circumscripta Keratosis follicularis squamosa – follicular hyperkeratotic papule; annular with scale BJD 144:1070-1072, 2001 Keratosis pilaris JAAD 39:891-893, 1998 Keratosis pilaris atrophicans AD 130:469-475, 1994; ulerythema ophryogenes Ped Derm 11:172-175, 1994; keratosis pilaris decalvans non-atrophicans Clin Exp Dermatol 18:45-46, 1993; keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans AD Syphilol 151:384-387, 1926; folliculitis decalvans Acta DV (Stockh) 43:14-24, 1963; atrophoderma vermiculatum – cheeks

and pre-auricular regions JAAD 18:538-542, 1988; J Cutan Dis 36:339-352, 1918 keratosis pilaris atrophicans facei JAAD 39:891-893, 1998; associated with Noonan’s syndrome BJD 100:409-416, 1979; associated with woolly hair BJD 110:357-362, 1984 Keratosis pilaris, ulerythema ophyrogenes and koilonychia JAAD 45:627-629, 2001 Keratosis pilaris, ulerythema ophyrogenes, koilonychia and monilethrix JAAD 45:627-629, 2001; Ped Derm 16:297-300, 1999 Kyrle’s disease (hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis in cutem penetrans) Rook p.1551, 1998, Sixth Edition; J Derm 20:329-340, 1993; JAAD 16:117-123, 1987 Lichen nitidus Cutis 62:247-248, 1998; JAAD 12:597-624, 1985 Lichen planopilaris (Graham-Little syndrome) Rook p.1904-1912, 1998, Sixth Edition; Dermatol Clin 14:773-782, 1996; JAAD 27:935-942, 1992; JAAD 22:594-598, 1990; AD Syphilol 5:102-113, 1922; lichen planus facieie of Brocq Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus Rook p.2549-2551, 1998, Sixth Edition Lichen simplex chronicus Rook p.668, 1998, Sixth Edition Lichen spinulosus AD 136:1165-1170, 2000; JAAD 22:261-264, 1990; Int J Derm 34:670-671, 1985 Mid-dermal elastolysis – perifollicular protrusions JAAD 51:165-185, 2004; JAAD 48:846-851, 2003; JAAD 26:490-492, 1992 Monilethrix – horny follicular papules AD 132:577-582, 1996 Multiple minute digitate keratoses – follicular keratoses JAAD 31:802-803, 1994 Nevus anelasticus – pink-red perifollicular papules Ped Derm 22:153-157, 2005 Palmoplantar keratoderma – epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, woolly hair, and dilated cardiomyopathy – striated palmoplantar keratoderma, follicular keratosis, clubbing, vesicles and bullae on trunk, psoriasiform keratoses on knees, legs, and feet JAAD 39:418-421, 1998 Perifollicular elastolysis – gray or white follicular papules of neck, earlobes JAAD 51:165-185, 2004 Perioral dermatitis Derm 195:235-238, 1997 Pityriasis alba Int J Derm 32:870-873, 1993 Pityriasis rosea Pityriasis rubra pilaris – erythematous perifollicular papules; grouped; scaly scalp; orange palmoplantar keratoderma; islands of sparing; resembles seborrheic dermatitis BJD 133:990-993, 1995; Eur J Dermatol 4:593-597, 1994; JAAD 20:801-807, 1989 Prurigo nodularis J Cutan Pathol 15:208-211, 1988 Pseudofolliculitis barbae Derm Surg 26:737-742, 2000; Cutis 61:351-356, 1998; J Emerg Med 4:283-286, 1986; Dermatol Clin 6:387-395, 1988; pubis; of scalp AD 113:328-329, 1977; of nasal hairs AD 117:368-369, 1981 Psoriasis, follicular BJD 137:988-991, 1997 Pustular eruption of striae – folliculitis-like Cutis 50:225-228, 1992 Pyoderma vegetans – folliculitis J Derm 19:61-63, 1992 Reactive perforating collagenosis – folliculitis-like lesions J Derm 20:329-340, 1993; AD 96:277-282, 1967 Rhinophyma Clin Exp Dermatol 15:282-284, 1990 Seborrheic dermatitis – perifollicular Syringolymphoid hyperplasia JAAD 49:1177-1180, 2003 Transient or persistent acantholytic dermatosis (Grover’s disease) JAAD 35:653-666, 1996; folliculitis JAAD 11:253-256, 1984

Trichostasis spinulosa White fibrous papulosis of the neck Clin Exp Derm 16:224-225, 1991

Trichotillomania – follicular hyperkeratosis BJD 145:1034-1035, 2001

Alagille syndrome (arteriohepatic dysplasia) – follicular hyperkeratosis BJD 138:150-154, 1998 Behçet’s disease – folliculitis Cutis 60:159-161, 1997; Ann Hematol 74:45-48, 1997 Brook’s syndrome (keratosis follicularis contagiosa) Buschke-Ollendorf syndrome – keratosis pilaris lesions Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome – xerosis/ichthyosis, eczematous dermatitis, alopecia, growth failure, hyperkeratotic papules, ulerythema ophyrogenes, seborrheic dermatitis, CALMs, nevi, keratosis pilaris Ped Derm 17:231-234, 2000; JAAD 815-819, 1993; JAAD 22:920-922, 1990 Cornelia de Lange syndrome – with ulerythema ophyrogenes; specific facies, hypertrichosis of forehead face, back, shoulders, and extremities, synophrys; long delicate eyelashes, cutis marmorata, skin around eyes and nose with bluish tinge, red nose Ped Derm 19:42-45, 2002; Rook p.428, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 37:295-297, 1997 Deletion short arm chromosome 18 (18p-) – ulerythema ophyrogenes Ped Derm 11:172-175, 1994 Down’s syndrome – presternal and interscapular follicular papules; keratosis pilaris; pityrosporum folliculitis BJD 129:696-699, 1993; deep folliculitis of posterior neck Ghatan, p.242, 2002, Second Edition Focal palmoplantar and oral mucosa (gingival) hyperkeratosis syndrome (MIM:148730) (hereditary painful callosities) – palmoplantar keratoderma, follicular hyperkeratosis, leukoplakia (gingival keratosis), and cutaneous horn of the lips JAAD 52:403-409, 2005; BJD 146:680-683, 2002; Oral Surg 50:250, 1980; Birth Defects 12:239-242, 1976; Arch Int Med 113:866-871, 1964 Gall-Galli syndrome – Dowling-Degos disease with acantholysis – hyperkeratotic follicular papules JAAD 45:760-763, 2001 Haber’s syndrome Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia (dyskeratosis) (Gap junction disease, Witkop disease) – red eyes, non-scarring alopecia, keratosis pilaris, erythema of oral (hard palate, gingival, tongue) and nasal mucous membranes, cervix, vagina, and urethra; perineal and perigenital psoriasiform dermatitis; increased risk of infections, fibrocystic lung disease BJD 153:310-318, 2005; Ped Derm 11:133-138, 1994; Am J Med Genet 39:338-341, 1991; JAAD 21:351-357, 1989; Am J Hum Genet 31:414-427, 1979; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 46:645-657, 1978 Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia Hypoplastic enamel-onycholysis-hypohidrosis (Witkop-Brearley-Gentry syndrome) – marked facial hypohidrosis, dry skin with keratosis pilaris, scaling and crusting of the scalp, onycholysis and subungual hyperkeratosis, hypoplastic enamel of teeth Oral Surg 39:71-86, 1975 Ichthyosis follicularis with atrichia and photophobia (IFAP) – collodion membrane and erythema at birth;

generalized follicular keratoses, non-scarring alopecia of scalp and eyebrows, keratotic papules of elbows, knees, fingers, extensor surfaces, xerosis; punctate keratitis; X-linked recessive Ped Derm 20:48-51, 2003; JAAD 46:S156-158, 2002; BJD 142:157-162, 2000; AD 125:103-106, 1989; Dermatologica 177:341-347, 1988; Am J Med Genet 85:365-368, 1999; AD 121:1167-1174, 1985 Jung syndrome – pyoderma, folliculitis, atopic dermatitis, response to histamine-1 antagonist, blepharitis Am J Med Genet 66:378-398, 1996; Lancet ii:185-187, 1983 Kartagener’s syndrome – folliculitis Dermatology 186:269-271, 1993 Keratoderma, woolly hair, follicular keratoses, blistering Retinoids Today Tomorrow 37:15-19, 1994; keratosis pilaris atrophicans follicularis and woolly hair Ped Derm 7:202-204, 1990 Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (Siemens syndrome) – autosomal recessive; X-linked dominant and autosomal dominant; alopecia with keratotic follicular papules of scalp, eyebrows; punctate keratitis, photophobia; xerosis, thickened nails, photophobia, spiny follicular papules (keratosis pilaris), scalp pustules, variable palmoplantar keratoderma Ped Derm 22:170-174, 2005; JAAD 47:S275-278, 2002; JAAD 39:891-893, 1998; BJD 134:138-142, 1996; AD 128:397-402, 1992; Dermatol Monatsschr 174:736-740, 1988 Keratosis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome – follicular hyperkeratoses; reticulated severe diffuse hyperkeratosis of palms and soles, well marginated, serpiginous erythematous verrucous plaques, perioral furrows, leukoplakia, sensory deafness, photophobia with vascularizing keratitis, blindness JAAD 39:891-893, 1998; Ped Derm 13:105-113, 1996; BJD 122:689-697, 1990; JAAD 23:385-388, 1990; AD 123:777-782, 1987; AD 117:285-289, 1981 Neurofibromatosis type 1 – congenital reddish neurofibromatous dermal hypoplasia with follicular papules Cutis 68:253-256, 2001 Noonan’s syndrome – webbed neck, short stature, malformed ears, nevi, keloids, transient lymphedema, ulerythema ophyrogenes, keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; Rook p.3016, 1998, Sixth Edition; Ped Derm 15:18-22, 1998; Ann DV 115:303-310, 1988; J Med Genet 24:9-13, 1987; ulerythema ophyrogenes Ped Derm 7:77-78, 1990; BJD 100:409-416, 1979; extremities Cutis 46:242-246, 1990 Olmsted syndrome – follicular hyperkeratosis of buttocks and knees; follicular papules; intertrigo, mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma, linear streaky hyperkeratosis, leukokeratosis of the tongue, sparse hair anteriorly JAAD 53:S266-272, 2005; Ped Derm 21:603-605, 2004; Ped Derm 20:323-326, 2003; Eur J Derm 13:524-528, 2003; BJD 136:935-938, 1997; AD 132:797-800, 1996; AD 131:738-739, 1995; Semin Derm 14:145-151, 1995; JAAD 10:600-610, 1984; Am J Dis Child 33:757-764, 1927 Pachyonychia congenita type I – follicular papules of elbows and knees Cutis 72:143-144, 2003; Ped Derm 14:491-493, 1997; JAAD 19:705-711, 1988, AD 122:919-923, 1986 Pili torti, enamel hypoplasia syndrome – keratosis pilaris, dry fair hair, enamel hypoplasia, widely spaced abnormal teeth BJD 145:157-161, 2001 Reflex sympathetic dystrophy – folliculitis JAAD 35:843-845, 1996 Reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) syndrome Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome – ulerythema ophyrogenes Ped Derm 16:134-136, 1999 Sabinas syndrome – trichothiodystrophy with folliculitis Schwachman’s syndrome – neutropenia, malabsorption, failure to thrive; generalized xerosis, follicular hyperkeratosis,

widespread dermatitis, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis Ped Derm 9:57-61, 1992; Arch Dis Child 55:531-547, 1980; J Pediatr 65:645-663, 1964 Trichothiodystrophy syndromes – BIDS, IBIDS, PIBIDS – follicular papules, sparse or absent eyelashes and eyebrows, brittle hair, premature aging, sexual immaturity, ichthyosis, dysmyelination, bird-like facies, dental caries; trichothiodystrophy with ichthyosis, urologic malformations, hypercalciuria and mental and physical retardation Ped Derm 14:441-445, 1997; JAAD 44:891-920, 2001 X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

Amputation stump frictional follicular hyperkeratosis Rook p.905, 1998, Sixth Edition Follicular keratosis of the chin JAAD 26:134-135, 1992 Loofah sponge folliculitis J Clin Microbiol 31:480-483, 1993 Occlusion folliculitis – beneath adhesive dressings or plasters Rook p.1117, 1998, Sixth Edition Perniosis Physical or chemical trauma – folliculitis Rook p.1117, 1998, Sixth Edition Traumatic folliculitis due to home epilating device JAAD 27:771-772, 1992 Wax epilation – severe folliculitis with keloidal scarring Cutis 59:41-42, 1997

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis with follicular accentuation JAAD 24:898-902, 1991

Dermatomyositis – follicular hyperkeratosis BJD 81:544-547, 1969; juvenile dermatomyositis Ped Derm 17:37-40, 2000 Dermatophytids – associated with kerion; widespread eruption of follicular papules sometimes with keratotic spines J Dermatol 21:31-34, 1994 Graft vs. host disease – annular scaly papules of epithelioid granulomas BJD 149:898-899, 2003 Immunodeficiency with elevated IgM – warts Rook p.2744-2745, 1998, Sixth Edition Lupus erythematosus – systemic lupus – hyperkeratotic follicular papules of trunk and extremities in Chinese Rook p.2475, 1998, Sixth Edition; hypertrophic DLE JAAD 19:961-965, 1988; discoid lupus erythematosus – warty papules, resemble prurigo nodularis Rook p.2444-2449, 1998, Sixth Edition; NEJM 269:1155-1161, 1963 Pemphigoid nodularis JAAD 27:863-867, 1992; AD 118:937-939, 1982 Pemphigus erythematosus JAAD 10:215-222, 1984 Pemphigus foliaceus resembling seborrheic keratoses AD 126:543-544, 1990 Rheumatoid nodules – perforating variant Ghatan p.222, 2002, Second Edition

Bronchogenic cyst – keratotic papule Ped Derm 15:277-281, 1998 Ectopic nail JAAD 35:484-485, 1996 Supernumerary digit Ped Derm 11:181-182, 1994

Drug eruption, including lichenoid drug eruption Etretinate – digitate keratoses induced in treatment of disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis Clin Exp Dermatol 15:370-371, 1990 Iodine Rook p.1587, 1998, Sixth Edition Lithium J Clin Psychopharmacol 11:149-150, 1991 Phenytoin reaction – keratotic finger papules Cutis 61:101-102, 1998 Tegafur AD 131:364-365, 1995

Arsenical keratosis Dermatology 186:303-305, 1993 Calcium-containing EEG paste – papules with central umbilication due to perforation of calcium Neurology 15:477-480, 1965 Caustic drilling fluid in petrochemical industry – papules with central umbilication due to perforation of calcium JAAD 14:605-611, 1986 Halogenated aromatic weedkiller Clin Exp Dermatol 19:264-267, 1994 Hydrocarbon (tar) keratosis – flat-topped papules of face and hands; keratoacanthoma-like lesions on scrotum JAAD 35:223-242, 1996; pitch, asphalt, creoste – diffuse melanosis of exposed skin; evolves to atrophy, telangiectasia, lichenoid papules, follicular keratosis Rook p.1791, 1998, Sixth Edition Injected steroid or foreign material Scar keratosis

Adiaspiromycosis – cutaneous adiaspiromycosis (Chrysosporium species) – hyperpigmented plaque with white-yellow papules, ulcerated nodules, hyperkeratotic nodules, crusted nodules, multilobulated nodules JAAD S113-117, 2004 Bacillary angiomatosis BJD 126:535-541, 1992 Coccidioidomycosis AD 140:609-614, 2004; JAAD 46:743-747, 2002; AD 134:365-370, 1998 Condyloma acuminatum Cryptococcosis JAAD 44:391-394, 2001 Cytomegalovirus JAAD 44:391-394, 2001 Erythrasma, petalloid Herpes simplex, chronic Herpes zoster, chronic JAAD 44:391-394, 2001; JAAD 28:306-308, 1993 Histoplasmosis in AIDS JAAD 44:391-394, 2001; transepidermal elimination Cutis 47:397-400, 1991 Leishmaniasis Molluscum contagiosum JAAD 44:391-394, 2001 Mycobacterium kansasii JAAD 41:854-856, 1999 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, lichen scrofulosorum

Paracoccidioidomycosis – near mouth, anus, or genitalia Clin Inf Dis 23:1026-1032, 1996 Phaeohyphomycosis, by inoculation – seborrheic keratosis-like lesion AD 123:1597-1598, 1987 Pinta Pneumocystis pneumoniae JAAD 44:391-394, 2001 Rhinosporidiosis Scabies, crusted (Norwegian) Rook p.1587, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 124:121-126, 1988; hyperkeratotic nodule of the soles AD 134:1019-1024, 1998; scabies-associated acquired perforating dermatosis JAAD 51:665-667, 2004 Schistosomiasis – ectopic cutaneous granuloma – skin-colored papule, 2-3-mm; group to form mamillated plaques; nodules develop with overlying dark pigmentation, scale, and ulceration Dermatol Clin 7:291-300, 1989; BJD 114:597-602, 1986 Strongyloides stercoralis – hyperkeratotic papules (prurigo nodularis-like) JAAD 41:357-361, 1999 Syphilis – secondary Presse Med 19:369-371, 1990; malignant lues Tinea versicolor Trichophytosis Rook p.1587, 1998, Sixth Edition Varicella-zoster virus, chronic – in AIDS JAAD 20:637-642, 1989 Verruca vulgaris Rook p.1035, 1998, Sixth Edition; associated with immune disorders – Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, isolated primary IgM deficiency, X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM, Hodgkin’s disease, lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia Rook p.2747, 1998, Sixth Edition Verruga peruana Yaws, including clavus of yaws on the soles Rook p.1587, 1998, Sixth Edition

Amyloidosis – lichen amyloidosis Rook p.2628-2630, 1998, Sixth Edition Colloid milium, papuloverrucous variant BJD 143:884-887, 2000 Lichen myxedematosis

Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronicus helicis Crohn’s disease Perforating folliculitis Am J Dermatopathol 20:147-154, 1998; AD 97:394-399, 1968 Sarcoid – keratotic lesions of palms resembling psoriasis or syphilis Rook p.2693, 1998, Sixth Edition

Calcinosis cutis, including cutaneous calculus Fabry’s disease – angiokeratomas; α-galactosidase A deficiency AD 140:1440-1446, 2004; Ped Derm 19:85-87, 2002 Gout – tophi Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum – perforating variant Ghatan p.222, 2002, Second Edition Osteoma cutis Phrynoderma – vitamin A deficiency; elbows, knees, neck, posterior axillary folds JAAD 41:322-324, 1999; AD 120:919-921, 1984; Indian Med Gazette 68:681-687, 1933; phrynoderma as sign of general malnutrition not specific for

vitamins A, B, E or essential fatty acid deficiency Ped Derm 22:60-63, 2005 Pretibial myxedema – thyroid acropachy Renal disease – chronic renal failure – acquired perforating disease of chronic renal failure Int J Derm 32:874-876, 1993; Int J Dermatol 31:117-118, 1992; AD 125:1074-1078, 1989 Scurvy – follicular hyperkeratosis or perifollicular hemorrhagic keratotic papules JAAD 41:895-906, 1999; JAAD 29:447-461, 1993; NEJM 314:892-902, 1986 Tyrosinemia type II – elbows and knees Uremic follicular hyperkeratosis JAAD 26:782-783, 1992 Vitamin A intoxication – follicular keratoses Rook p.2656, 1998, Sixth Edition; NEJM 315:1250-1254, 1986 Zinc deficiency

Acantholytic acanthoma AD 131:211-216, 1995 Acquired digital fibrokeratoma – digital papule AD 124:1559-1564, 1988; JAAD 12:816-821, 1985; of the nail bed Dermatology 190:169-171, 1995 Acquired fibrokeratoma of the heel AD 121:386-388, 1985 Acquired periungual fibrokeratoma Rook p.2846, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 97:120-129, 1968 Actinic keratosis Rook p.1671, 1998, Sixth Edition Basal cell carcinoma – single or multiple Rook p.1681-1683, 1998, Sixth Edition; Acta Pathol Mibrobiol Scand 88A:5-9, 1980; basal cell carcinoma of the palm Bowen’s disease Rook p.1674-1675, 1998, Sixth Edition; pigmented Dermatologica 157:229-237, 1978 Bowenoid papulosis Clear cell acanthoma Am J Dermatopathol 16:134-139, 1994; BJD 83:248-254, 1970 Cutaneous horn Dermal dendrocytoma – keratotic papules AD 126:689-690, 1990 Dermatofibroma Dermatosis papulosa nigra Cutis 32:385-392, 1983; AD 89:655-658, 1964 Digital myxoid cyst Rook p.2849, 1998, Sixth Edition Eccrine dermal duct tumor – dermal nodule with overlying verrucous changes AD 94:50-55, 1966 Eccrine poroma Epidermal nevus Exostosis, subungual JAAD 45:S200-201, 2001 Intra-epidermal carcinoma of the eyelid margin BJD 93:239-252, 1975 Inverted follicular keratosis J Clin Pathol 28:465-471, 1975 Isolated epidermolytic acanthoma AD 101:220-223, 1970 Eruptive vellus hair cysts AD 131:341-346, 1995 Fibrokeratoma Garlic clove tumor (fibroma) (acquired periungual fibrokeratoma) Rook p.2846, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 97:120-129, 1968 Generalized eruptive histiocytoma – brown scaly papules AD 139:933-938, 2003; AD 88:586-593, 1963 Granular cell tumor Cutis 62:147-148, 1998; prurigo nodularislike lesions Int J Derm 20:126-129, 1981 Intraepidermal epithelioma of Jadassohn Cutis 37:339-341, 1986

Juvenile xanthogranuloma Dis Chest 50:325-329, 1966 Keratoacanthoma – single or multiple AD 120:736-740, 1984 Kaposi’s sarcoma JAAD 38:143-175, 1998 Large cell acanthoma J Cutan Pathol 17:182-184, 1990 Lichen planus-like keratosis Am J Surg Pathol 17:259-263, 1993 Lymphoma – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma – pityriasis lichenoides-like BJD 142:347-352, 2000; JAAD 31:819-822, 1994; Woringer-Kolopp disease AD 120:1045-1051, 1984; HTLV-1 granulomatous T-cell lymphoma – hyperkeratotic and/or umbilicated red-orange papulonodules JAAD 44:525-529, 2001 Lymphomatoid papulosis Melanacanthoma Melanocytic nevus – keratotic melanocytic nevus J Cutan Pathol 27:344-350, 2000 Melanoma – verrucous and keratotic melanoma Histopathology 23:453-458, 1993 Metastasis – renal cell carcinoma – keratotic papule of the eyelid Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.135, 1999 Mucinous nevus AD 132:1522-1523, 1996 Nevoid follicular epidermolytic hyperkeratosis AD 111:221-222, 1975 Nevus corniculatus BJD 122:107-112, 1990 Nevus sebaceus Pilar sheath acanthoma AD 114:1495-1496, 1978 Pilomatrixoma – keratoacanthoma-like JAAD 39:191-195, 1998 Plasma-acanthoma of the lip Rook p.3142, 1998, Sixth Edition Porokeratosis – of Mibelli AD 122:586-587, 1986; giant porokeratosis Hautarzt 41:633-635, 1990; hyperkeratotic porokeratosis Int J Dermatol 32:902-903, 1993; linear porokeratosis Ped Derm 21:682-683, 2004; AD 135:1544-1555,1547-1548, 1999; Cutis 44:216-219, 1989; Int J Dermatol 27:589-590, 1988; Ped Derm 4:209, 1987; AD 109:526-528, 1974; palmoplantar porokeratosis JAAD 21:415-418, 1989; palmaris et plantaris et disseminata Punctate porokeratosis AD 120:263-264, 1984 Seborrheic keratosis Rook p.1659-1660, 1998, Sixth Edition; eruptive seborrheic keratoses associated with erythroderma (psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, allergic contact dermatitis, drug eruption) JAAD 45:S212-214, 2001 Squamous cell carcinoma Rook p.1689-1690, 1998, Sixth Edition Stucco keratosis AD 105:859-861, 1972 Syringoacanthoma – seborrheic keratosis-like AD 120:751-756, 1984 Syringocystadenoma papilliferum Trichilemmal carcinoma Dermatol Surg 28:284-286, 2002; with cutaneous horn JAAD 36:107-109, 1997 Trichilemmal cyst with horn Trichilemmal horn JAAD 39:368-371, 1998 Trichilemmoma – eyelash margin – Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.69, 1999 Vascular and myxoid fibromas of the fingers – multiple warty lesions of palms and fingers JAAD 2:425-431, 1980 Verrucous acanthoma Verrucous carcinoma (epithelioma cuniculatum) Histopathology 5:425-436, 1986 Verrucous perforating collagenoma Dermatologica 152:65-66, 1976

Eosinophilic dermatosis of myeloproliferative disease – face, scalp; scaly red nodules; trunk – red nodules; extremities – red nodules and hemorrhagic papules AD 137:1378-1380, 2001 Florid cutaneous papillomatosis – multiple acuminate keratotic papules Int J Dermatol 32:56-58, 1993; AD 114:1803-1806, 1978 Sign of Leser-Trelat

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis Int J Derm 38:204-206, 1999; Int J Dermatol 34:71-72, 1998; BJD 123:249-254, 1996; Cutis 42:345-348, 1988

Acanthosis nigricans – hereditary benign Int J Dermatol 35:126-127, 1996; benign Am J Public Health 84:1839-1842, 1994; pseudo-acanthosis nigricans Am J Med 87:269-272, 1989; drug-induced (nicotinic acid Dermatology 189:203-206, 1994; fusidic acud JAAD 28:501-502, 1993; stilbestrol AD 109:545-546, 1974; triazinate AD 121:232-236, 1985); malignant acanthosis nigricans – bladder Int J Dermatol 33:433-435, 1994; kidney Int J Dermatol 32:893-894, 1993; bile-duct Acta DV (Stockh) 32:893-894, 1993; thryoid, esophagus, bronchus, rectum Rook p.1584, 1998, Sixth Edition Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa – crateriform hyperkeratotic papules of the lateral palms and soles AD 140:479-484, 2004; of legs Clin Exp Derm 26:263-265, 2001 Acrokeratosis verruciformis of Hopf AD 130:508-509, 511-512, 1994; Ann DV 115:1229-1232, 1988; Dermatol Zeitschr 60:227-250, 1931 Acrosyringeal epidermolytic papulosis neviformis Dermatologica 171:122-125, 1985 Acquired ichthyosis Alopecia mucinosa – scaly red papules AD 138:244-246, 2002 Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia – prurigo nodularis-like lesions J Dermatol 20:660-661, 1993 Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis Int J Derm 31:480-483, 1992 Darier’s disease (keratosis follicularis) – follicular skin-colored, brown papule Clin Dermatol 19:193-205, 1994; JAAD 27:40-50, 1992; zosteriform Darier’s disease Mt Sinai J Med 68:339-341, 2001 Dermatitis Disseminated and recurrent infundibulofolliculitis Ectopic plantar nail BJD 149:1071-1074, 2003 Elastosis perforans serpiginosa JAAD 51:1-21, 2004; Hautarzt 43:640-644, 1992; AD 97:381-393, 1968 Epidermolysis bullosa with mottled pigmentation – wart-like hyperkeratotic papules of axillae, wrists, dorsae of hands, palms and soles; P25L mutation of keratin 5 JAAD 52:172-173, 2005 Epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa – dominant dystrophic or recessive dystrophic; mild acral blistering at birth or early childhood; violaceous papular and nodular lesions in linear array on shins, forearms, trunk; lichenified hypertrophic and verrucous plaques in adults BJD 146:267-274, 2002; BJD 130:617-625, 1994 Epidermolytic acanthoma BJD 141:728-730, 1999 Flegel’s disease (hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans) AD 133:909-914, 1997; Acta DV 68:341-345, 1988; JAAD 16:190-195, 1987

Focal acral hyperkeratosis Ped Derm 21:128-130, 2004; BJD 142:340-342, 2000; Hautarzt 50:586-589, 1999; AD 132:1365-1370, 1996; Dermatology 188:28-31, 1994; AD 123:1225, 1228, 1987; BJD 109:97-103, 1983; Hautarzt 9:362-364, 1958 Granular parakeratosis (axillary granular parakeratosis) – brownish red keratotic papules AD 140:1161-1166, 2004; submammary granular parakeratosis JAAD 40:813-814, 1999; hyperkeratotic papules and plaques in the intertriginous areas Ped Derm 19:146-147, 2002 Granuloma annulare, perforating Grover’s disease (transient acantholytic dermatosis)

Drug-induced by IL-4 infusion JAAD 29:206-209, 1993 Hailey-Hailey disease – genital papules JAAD 26:951-955, 1992 Hereditary callosities Hereditary papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma Z Hautkr 60:211-214, 1985 Hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola JAAD 32:124-125, 1995; AD 113:1691-1692, 1977 Ichthyosis congenita type IV – erythrodermic infant with follicular hyperkeratosis BJD 136:377-379, 1997 Keratosis circumscripta – age 3-5; plaques of follicular keratoses of elbows, knees, hips, and sacrum with palmoplantar thickening (possible childhood PRP) Rook p.1548, 1998, Sixth Edition; Dermatologica 159:182-183, 1980; AD 93:408-410, 1966 Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans – X-linked dominant; follicular hyperkeratosis, corneal degeneration, alopecia, alopecia of eyebrows Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002 Keratosis follicularis squamosa – follicular hyperkeratotic papule; annular with scale BJD 144:1070-1072, 2001 Keratosis lichenoides chronica Dermatology 201:261-264, 2000; Dermatology 191:264-267, 1995; AD 131:609-614, 1995; AD 105:739-743, 1972; JAAD 37:263-264, 1997; JAAD 38:306-309, 1998 Keratosis pilaris – autosomal dominant Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; JAAD 39:891-893, 1998 Keratosis pilaris atrophicans AD 130:469-475, 1994; ulerythema ophryogenes Ped Derm 11:172-175, 1994; keratosis pilaris decalvans non-atrophicans Clin Exp Dermatol 18:45-46, 1993; keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans AD Syphilol 151:384-387, 1926; folliculitis decalvans Acta DV (Stockh) 43:14-24, 1963; atrophoderma vermiculatum – cheeks and pre-auricular regions JAAD 18:538-542, 1988; J Cutan Dis 36:339-352, 1918 Keratosis punctata Ghatan p.11, 2002, Second Edition Knuckle pads (heloderma) AD 129:1043-1048, 1993; keratotic knuckle pads unassociated with palmoplantar keratoderma Rook p.1555-1556, 1998, Sixth Edition Kyrle’s disease (hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis in cutem penetrans) J Derm 20:329-340, 1993; JAAD 16:117-123, 1987 Lenticular acral keratosis in washerwomen Int J Derm 37:532-537, 1998 Lichen nitidus Clin Exp Dermatol 18:381-383, 1993 Lichen planus/lichen planopilaris (Graham-Little syndrome) Rook p.1586,1904-1912, 1998, Sixth Edition; with keratosis pilaris BJD 27:183-190, 1915; hypertrophic lichen planus Lichen spinulosus JAAD 22:261-264, 1990; Cutis 43:557-560, 1989 Lichen striatus Minute aggregate keratoses Clin Exp Dermatol 10:566-571, 1985 Multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis – disseminated spiked hyperkeratosis – after X-ray therapy Clin Exp Dermatol

20:425-427, 1995; sporadic AD 111:1176-1177, 1975; familial (autosomal dominant) JAAD 18:431-436, 1988; associated with laryngeal carcinoma Med Cutan Ibero Lat Am 6:279-283, 1978; filiform keratoses (spiked, filiform, or hairy keratoses) – sporadic Int J Dermatol 32:446-447, 1993; familial AD 117:412-414, 1981; cyclosporine-induced Hautarzt 46:841-846, 1995; myeloma-associated JAAD 33:346-351, 1995 Papular acantholytic dyskeratosis of the vulva Ped Derm 22:237-239, 2005 Parapsoriasis – acute, pityriasis lichenoides chronica (guttate parapsoriasis) Periumbilical pseudoxanthoma elasticum (acquired perforating pseudoxanthoma elasticum) – flat, well-demarcated, hyperpigmented, reticulated, atrophic central plaque with raised scaly border JAAD 51:1-21, 2004; JAAD 39:338-344, 1998 Persistent acantholytic dermatosis Ann Acad Med Singapore 29:770-772, 2000 Pityriasis rosea Pityriasis rubra pilaris – erythematous perifollicular papules; grouped; scaly scalp; orange palmoplantar keratoderma; islands of sparing; resembles seborrheic dermatitis BJD 133:990-993, 1995; Eur J Dermatol 4:593-597, 1994; JAAD 20:801-807, 1989 Postpemphigus acanthomata Int J Derm 36:194-196, 1997 Progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma – elbows, knees, hands, and feet Prurigo nodularis – idiopathic or associated with lymphoma, peripheral T-cell lymphoma (Lennert’s lymphoma) Cutis 51:355-358, 1993; Hodgkin’s disease Dermatologica 182:243-246, 1991; Ped Derm 7:136-139, 1990; gluten sensitive enteropathy BJD 95:89-92, 1976; AIDS JAAD 33:837-838, 1995; uremia South Med J 68:138-141, 1975; depression, liver disease, α1-antitrypsin deficiency Australas J Dermatol 32:151-157, 1991; malabsorption Dermatologica 169:211-214, 1984; The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.xvi, 2000; Rook p.671-672, 1998, Sixth Edition Psoriasis – guttate, small plaques; rupioid, elephantine, ostraceous (oyster-like) Rook p.1598-1599, 1998, Sixth Edition Reactive perforating collagenosis – early childhood, precipitated by trauma; skin-colored umbilicated papules; heal with hypopigmentation or scar AD 121:1554-1555, 1557-1558, 1985 Spiny keratoderma Cutis 54:389-394, 1996

Palmoplantar parakeratotic spiny keratoderma Disseminated parakeratotic spiny keratoderma Palmoplantar orthokeratotic spiny keratoderma Disseminated orthokeratotic spiny keratoderma Spiny keratoderma in eccrine hamartoma

Terra firme Transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma Australas J Dermatol 41:172-174, 2000 Trichostasis spinulosa AD 133:1579,1582, 1997 Urostomy site – pseudoverrucous peristomal lesions – warty papules at mucocutaneous junction Rook p.930, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 19:623-632, 1988 Waxy keratoses of childhood (disseminated hypopigmented keratoses) – generalized dome-shaped yellow or skin-colored keratotic papules Ped Derm 18:415-416, 2001; Clin Exp Dermatol 19:173-176, 1994 Warty dyskeratoma X-linked ichthyosis

Trichotillomania – follicular hyperkeratosis BJD 145:1034-1035, 2001

Alagille syndrome (arteriohepatic dysplasia) – follicular hyperkeratosis BJD 138:150-154, 1998 Atrichia with keratin cysts – horny papules of face, neck, scalp; then trunk and extremities Ann DV 121:802-804, 1994 Cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome – xerosis/ichthyosis, eczematous dermatitis, alopecia, growth failure, hyperkeratotic papules, ulerythema ophryogenes, seborrheic dermatitis, CALMs, nevi, keratosis pilaris Ped Derm 17:231-234, 2000 CHILD syndrome Cowden’s syndrome Down’s syndrome – keratosis pilaris Ghatan p.130, 2002, Second Edition Dyskeratosis benigna intraepithelialis mucosae et cutis hereditaria – conjunctivitis, umbilicated keratotic nodules of scrotum, buttocks, trunk; palmoplantar verruca-like lesions, leukoplakia of buccal mucosa, hypertrophic gingivitis, tooth loss J Cutan Pathol 5:105-115, 1978 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis – seborrheic keratosis-like lesions J Cutan Pathol 20:237-241, 1993 Gall-Galli syndrome – Dowling-Degos disease with acantholysis – hyperkeratotic follicular papules JAAD 45:760-763, 2001 Greither’s syndrome – warty keratoses of hands and feet with poikiloderma Haber’s syndrome – keratotic axillary papules JAAD 40:462-467, 1999 Hereditary acrokeratotic poikiloderma – vesicopustules of hands and feet at 1-3 months of age; widespread dermatitis; keratotic papules of hands, feet, elbows, and knees AD 103:409-422, 1971 Hereditary focal transgressive palmoplantar keratoderma – autosomal recessive; hyperkeratotic lichenoid papules of elbows and knees, psoriasiform lesions of scalp and groin, spotty and reticulate hyperpigmentation of face, trunk, and extremities, alopecia of eyebrows and eyelashes BJD 146:490-494, 2002 IFAP syndrome – ichthyosis, keratotic follicular papules, alopecia, photophobia JAAD 46:S156-158, 2002; BJD 142:157-162, 2000 Incontinentia pigmenti – solitary keratotic papule on finger Ped Derm 13:47-50, 1996 Keratoderma, woolly hair, follicular keratoses, blistering Retinoids Today Tomorrow 37:15-19, 1994 Keratosis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome Kindler’s syndrome – acral keratoses Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome – angiokeratomaous nodules; venous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, or mixed venous lymphatic malformation Br J Surg 72:232-236, 1985; Arch Gen Med 3:641-672, 1900 Lipoid proteinosis Int J Dermatol 39:203-204, 2000; JAAD 39:149-171, 1998 Maffucci’s syndrome Mal de Meleda – hyperkeratotic plaques Noonan’s syndrome – webbed neck, short stature, malformed ears, nevi, keloids, transient lymphedema, ulerythema ophyrogenes, keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; Rook p.3016, 1998, Sixth Edition; Ped Derm 15:18-22, 1998; J Med Genet 24:9-13, 1987; extremities Cutis 46:242-246, 1990 Olmsted syndrome – periorificial keratotic papules and plaques; follicular hyperkeratosis of buttocks and knees; intertrigo, mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma, linear streaky hyperkeratosis, leukokeratosis of the tongue, sparse hair anteriorly JAAD 53:S266-272, 2005; Eur J Derm 13:524-528,

2003; Ped Derm 20:323-326, 2003; BJD 136:935-938, 1997; Semin Derm 14:145-151, 1995; Am J Dis Child 33:757-764, 1927 Pachyonychia congenita – keratotic papules on dorsa of fingers, elbows, and knees Ped Derm 14:491-493, 1997 Phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica Dermatology 197:377-380, 1998 Pili torti, enamel hypoplasia syndrome – keratosis pilaris, dry fair hair, enamel hypoplasia, widely spaced abnormal teeth BJD 145:157-161, 2001 POEMS syndrome – multiple seborrheic keratoses Proteus syndrome – epidermal nevus, eruptive seborrheic keratoses, depigmented nevi; (Takatsuki syndrome, Crowe-Fukase syndrome) – osteosclerotic bone lesions, peripheral polyneuropathy, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism JAAD 25:377-383, 1991; JAAD 21:1061-1068, 1989, Cutis 61:329-334, 1998 Reiter’s syndrome Rothmund-Thomson syndrome – warty keratoses of hands, wrists, feet and ankles Tuberous sclerosis

Callosities from clothing and appliances Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronicus helicis Clavus Carpenter’s calluses Ectopic nail – post-traumatic JAAD 50:323-324, 2004 Habit tics – callosities Plantar calluses Prayer nodules – forehead, knees, and ankles Radiation – post irradiation keratoses Rook p.1676, 1998, Sixth Edition; post-irradiation digitate keratosis; keratotic miliaria secondary to radiotherapy AD 124:855-856, 1988 Thermal keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma in situ with erythema ab igne AD 115:1226-1228, 1979

APACHE (acral pseudolymphomatous angiokeratoma of children) – linear scaly red papules of hand BJD 145:512-514, 2001; BJD 124:387-388, 1991 Angiokeratoma circumscriptum AD 117:138-139, 1981 Angiokeratoma of Fordyce – scrotal angiokeratomas Rook p.594, 1998, Sixth Edition Angiokeratoma of Mibelli – autosomal dominant; associated with chilblains; on dorsum of fingers, toes, hands, feet AD 106:726-728, 1972 Angiokeratoma, solitary papular – occur after trauma in adulat life – red to blue-black; may rapidly enlarge or bleed and simulate melanoma AD 117:138-139, 1981; AD 95:166-175, 1967 Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry’s disease (αgalactosidase A) – X-linked recessive NEJM 276:1163-1167, 1967; fucosidosis (α1-fucosidase) AD 107:754-757, 1973; Kanzaki’s disease (α-N-acetylgalactosidase) AD 129:460-465, 1993; aspartylglycosaminuria (aspartylglycosaminidase) Paediatr Acta 36:179-189, 1991; adult-onset GM1 gangliosidosis (β-galactosidase) Clin Genet 17:21-26, 1980; galactosialidosis (combined β-galactosidase and sialidase) AD 120:1344-1346, 1984; no enzyme deficiency AD 123:1125-1127, 1987; JAAD 12:885-886, 1985) – telangiectasias or small angiokeratomas

Cobb syndrome – angiokeratoma circumscriptum; nevus flammeus, angioma in spinal cord Ghatan p.201, 2002, Second Edition Degos’ disease Digital verrucous fibroangioma Acta DV 72:303-304, 1992 Hemangioma, including cutaneous keratotic hemangioma AD 132:703-708, 1996 Acquired lymphangiectasis S/P mastectomy Cutis 58:276-278, 1996 Lymphangioma circumscriptum BJD 83:519-527, 1970; acquired vulvar lymphangioma mimicking genital warts J Cutan Pathol 26:150-154, 1999 Lymphangiectasia (acquired lymphangioma) – due to scarring processes such as recurrent infections, radiotherapy, scrofuloderma, scleroderma, keloids, tumors, tuberculosis, repeated trauma BJD 132:1014-1016, 1996 Lymphostasis verrucosa cutis (lymphedematous keratoderma) BJD 127:411-416, 1992; Int J Dermatol 20:177-187, 1981 Pyogenic granuloma Rook p.2354-2355, 1998, Sixth Edition Verrucous hemangiomas, including eruptive verrucous hemangiomas Ped Derm 2:191-193, 1985; Dermatologica 171:106-111, 1985

Congenital hypertrophy with hypertrichosis Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma JAAD 48:161-179, 2003; JAAD 46:477-490, 2002; Curr Prob Derm 14:41-70, 2002; Ped Derm 13:431-433, 1996; AD 125:820-822, 1989; AD 121:1200-1201, 1985; AD 114:104-106, 1978 Supernumery nipples (accessory nipple or nipple nevus) Cutis 62:235-237, 1998 Transient thickening of the skin with hypertrichosis

Vaccines – DPT or BCG immunizations

Lichen amyloidosis Pretibial myxedema JAAD 46:723-726, 2002; Rook p.2707, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 122:85-88, 1986 Xanthoma disseminatum – mimicking melanocytic nevi AD 128:1207-1212, 1992

Casting Local inflammation – friction, gonococcal arthritis, recurrent thrombophlebitis, melorhestatic scleroderma, chewing, burn, insect bites

Becker’s nevi Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma – vascular nodule; macule, red plaque, acral nodule of infants or neonates; painful, red, purple, blue, yellow, brown, skin-colored JAAD 47:429-435, 2002; JAAD 37:523-549, 1997; Ped Derm 13:139-142, 1996

Granular cell tumor Cutis 69:343-346, 2002 Hairy Pacinian neurofibroma (nerve sheath myxoma) JAAD 18:416-419, 1988 Melanocytic nevi – intradermal nevi; congenital melanocytic nevi JAAD 48:161-179, 2003; Rook p.1733-1735,2892, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 36:409-416, 1997; eruptive atypical nevi in AIDS AD 125:397-401, 1989 Neurofibroma resembling congenital melanocytic nevus JAAD 20l358-362, 1989 Spitz nevi – eruptive Spitz nevi JAAD 15:1155-1159, 1986; pigmented spindle cell nevus (Spitz nevus) JAAD 28:565-571, 1993

Epidermolysis bullosa, dystrophic types Ann Ital Dermatol 10:195-196, 1995 Lichen simplex chronicus JAAD 48:161-179, 2003; Rook p.2895, 1998, Sixth Edition

Neurofibromatosis type I – schwannomas Neurofibromatosis type II – schwannomas Syndromes associated with nevi JAAD 29:374-388, 1993

Allergic contact dermatitis Graft vs. host reaction JAAD 26:49-55, 1992 Lupus erythematosus

Blueberry muffin baby

Corticosteroid-induced periorbital dermatitis Drug eruption

Irritant contact dermatitis

Cat scratch disease Gianotti-Crosti syndrome Insect bite Leishmaniasis Lepidopterism Leprosy Measles Molluscum contagiosum North American blastomycosis

Papular urticaria Roseola infantum Scabies, nodular Sporotrichosis Stye Syphilis – primary, secondary Tinea faciei AD 114:250-252, 1978 Verrucae Viral exanthem

Amyloidosis, primary systemic NEJM 349:583-596, 2003 Benign cephalic histiocytosis Colloid milium Langerhans cell histiocytosis Mucinosis Xanthogranulomas, including juvenile xanthogranuloma Clin Exp Derm 18:462-463, 1993 Xanthoma disseminatum JAAD 15:433-436, 1991

Blepharitis granulomatosa AD 120:1141, 1984 Erythema multiforme Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis JAAD 28:775, 1993; AD 131:1141-1145, 1995 Sarcoid

Calcinosis cutis – dystrophic calcification due to intralesional corticosteroids for infantile periocular hemangiomas Ped Derm 15:23-26, 1998 Xanthelasma

Actinic keratosis Apocrine hidrocystomas AD 134:1627-1632, 1998 Basal cell carcinoma Bowen’s disease Chalazion Dermoid cyst Dermatosis papulosa nigra Rook p.1660, 1998, Sixth Edition Eccrine hidrocystomas J Dermatol 23:652-654, 1996 Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Epidermal inclusion cyst Eruptive hidradenoma Cutis 46:69-72, 1990 Eruptive vellus hair cysts – skin-colored, red, white, blue, yellow Ped Derm 19:26-27, 2002 Hidrocystomas Kaposi’s sarcoma JAAD 40:312-314, 1999 Leiomyoma Leukemia Lymphoma – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; HTLV-1 Melanocytic nevus, including divided nevus

Melanoma Merkel cell tumor Metastatic breast cancer Microcystic adnexal carcinoma – periorbital papule or nodule Derm Surg 27:979-984, 2001 Milium Milia en plaque Derm Surg 28:291-295, 2002 Mucinous eccrine carcinoma (mucinous carcinoma of skin) AD 136:1409-1414, 2000; Dermatol Surg 25:566-568, 1999; JAAD 36:323-326, 1997 Myeloma – cutaneous crystalline deposits AD 130:484-488, 1994 Myxomas JAAD 34:928-930, 1995 Nevus, melanocytic Nevus sebaceous – papule Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.21, 1999 Oncocytoma – bright red or yellow papule of eyelid Arch Ophthalmol 102:263-265, 1984 Orbital tumors (ethmoid sinus carcinoma) Preauricular cyst, inflamed Primary mucinous carcinoma AD 133:1161-1166, 1997 Sebaceous carcinoma Seborrheic keratosis – papule Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.7, 1999 Sweat gland carcinoma Syringomas – papule Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.53, 1999; Rook p.1712-1713, 1998, Sixth Edition Trichoepitheliomas Vellus hair cysts

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia AD 133:99, 102, 1997 Normolipemic plane xanthomas

Chronic actinic dermatitis Photo-induced drug eruption Polymorphic light eruption

Acne vulgaris Alopecia mucinosa Atopic dermatitis Colloid milium Granuloma annulare – periorbital AD 118:190-191, 1982; of the eyelid Ped Derm 16:373-376, 1999 Lichen planus Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus Lichen striatus Periorbital ‘perioral’ dermatitis Semin Cutan Med Surg 18:206-209, 1999

Psoriasis Rosacea, including granulomatous rosacea Seborrheic dermatitis

Ankyloblepharon-ectrodactyly-cleft lip, palate syndrome (AEC syndrome) – eyelid papillomas Atrichia with papular lesions – autosomal recessive; follicular cysts AD 139:1591-1596, 2003; JAAD 47:519-523, 2002 Carney complex – cutaneous myxomas of the eyelids Cutis 62:275-280, 1998 Down’s syndrome – syringomas Ghatan p.130, 2002, Second Edition Fabry’s disease Familial sea blue histiocytosis Kawasaki’s disease Lipoid proteinosis Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis Sly syndrome Sweet’s syndrome

Granuloma fissuratum

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia Ann Allergy 69:101-105, 1992 Angiosarcoma JAAD 34:308-310, 1996 Disseminated neonatal hemangiomatosis Hemangiomas Pyogenic granuloma Vasculitis Wegener’s granulomatosis

Allergic contact dermatitis Autoeczematization reaction Bowel arthritis dermatitis syndrome – papular and pustular vasculitis, erythema nodosum-like lesions; tenosynovitis, non-destructive polyarthritis AD 138:973-978, 2002; BJD 142:373-374, 2000; AD 135:1409-1414, 1999; Cutis 63:17-20, 1999; JAAD 14:792-796, 1986; Mayo Clin Proc 59:43-46, 1984; AD 115:837-839, 1979 Chronic granulomatous disease – suppurative granuloma – Microascus cinereus Clin Inf Dis 20:110-114, 1995 Common variable immune deficiency – granulomas JAAD 37:499-500, 1997 Congenital combined immunodeficiency – cutaneous granulomas of elbows and hands Mt Sinai J Med 68:326-330, 2001 Dermatitis herpetiformis Rook p.1890, Sixth Edition

Herpes (pemphigoid) gestationis Rook p.1878-1879, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 40:847-849, 1999 Hyper-IgD syndrome – red macules or papules, urticaria, red nodules, combinations of fever, arthritis, and rash, annular erythema, and pustules – autosomal recessive; mevalonate kinase deficiency AD 136:1487-1494, 2000; AD 130:59-65, 1994; Ann DV 123:314-321, 1996 Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with arthritis JAAD 34:957-961, 1996; Dermatopathol Prac Concept 1:3-6, 1995 Linear IgA disease, adulthood Rook p.1882, 1998, Sixth Edition Lupus erythematosus – chilblain lupus – fingers, toes, elbows, knees, calves, knuckles, nose, ears Cutis 69:183-184, 190, 2002; BJD 98:497-506, 1978 Rheumatoid arthritis – palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis of rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatosis) JAAD 47:251-257, 2002; JAAD 45:596-600, 2001; JAAD 22:922-925, 1990; AD 133:757-760, 1997 Still’s disease Rook p.2570, 1998, Sixth Edition Urticaria Rook p.2116-2117, 1998, Sixth Edition X-linked agammaglobulinemia – caseating granulomas JAAD 24:629-633, 1991

Congenital neurovascular hamartoma – papillomatous red-brown lesion Meningocoele Perineal pyramidal protrusion Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.483, 2001 Umbilical granuloma Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.95, 2001

Cortiscosteroids – peristomal granulomas due to fluorinated corticosteroids J Cutan Pathol 8:361-364, 1981 Drug-induced pseudolymphoma syndrome JAAD 38:877-905, 1998 Drug rash, morbilliform G-CSF – neutrophilic dermatosis Ped Derm 18:417-421, 2001 Gemcitabine – red papules in groin; pseudolymphoma BJD 145:650-652, 2001 Interferon-α – sarcoidal papules BJD 146:320-324, 2002 Interferon alpha (pegylated) and ribavirin as treatment for hepatitis C infection – sarcoidosis AD 141:865-868, 2005 Methotrexate-induced rheumatoid papules – red papules on arms and buttocks JAAD 40:702-707, 1999 Sirolimus – drug-induced vasculitis Transplantation 74:739-743, 2002 Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus – drug-induced including hydrochlorthiazide, ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers Ann Intern Med 103:49-51, 1985

Acrylic or nylon fibers form dust or carpet BJD 96:673-677, 1977 BCG vaccine – granulomas JAAD 21:1119-1122, 1989 Coral contact dermatitis Int J Derm 30:271-273, 1991 Fiberglass dermatitis Foreign body granuloma – talc, kaolin, quartz in slate, brick, gravel, coal; silica; beryllium – sarcoidal granulomas Rook p.2701, 1998, Sixth Edition

Irritant contact dermatitis Sea urchin spine – sarcoidal granuloma BJD 77:335-343, 1965 Zirconium – axillary sarcoidal granuloma from deodorants J Dermatol 38:223-232, 1962; BJD 70:75-101, 1958

African histoplasmosis African tick-bite fever – Rickettsia africae Clin Inf Dis 39:700-701, 741-742, 2004 Alternariosis JAAD 52:653-659, 2005; BJD 143:910-912, 2000; AD 94:201-207, 1976 Amebiasis – Acanthamoeba Ped Inf Dis J 22:197-199, 2003; JAAD 42:351-354, 2000; Clin Inf Dis 25:267-272, 1997; red nodules and crusted nodules in HIV disease AD 139:1647-1652, 2003 Ancylostomiasis – papular or papulovesicular rash; feet; generalized urticaria; late changes resemble kwashiorkor Dermatol Clin 7:275-290, 1989 Anthrax JAMA 260:616, 1987; J Clin Inf Dis 19:1009-1014, 1994 Aquarium dermatitis – cercarial dermatitis Dermatology 197:84-86, 1998 Arthropod bites – persistent nodular arthropod reactions on elbows, abdomen, genitalia, and axillae (pseudolymphoma syndrome) JAAD 38:877-905, 1998; avian mites from pet gerbils – itchy red bumps AD 137:167, 2001 Aspergillosis BJD 85 (suppl 17):95-97, 1971; primary cutaneous aspergillosis JAAD 31:344-347, 1994; disseminated (red) JAAD 20:989-1003, 1989 Bacillary angiomatosis (Bartonella henselae) – starts as pinpoint erythematous papule BJD 143:609-611, 2000; Hautarzt 44:361-364, 1993; JAAD 22:501-512, 1990 Bartonellosis – bacillary angiomatosis; Oroya fever with verruga peruana – red papules in crops become nodular, hemangiomatous or pedunculated; face, neck, extremities, mucosal lesions; 1-4mm pruritic red papules Clin Inf Dis 33:772-779, 2001; Ann Rev Microbiol 35:325-338, 1981 Botryomycosis – granulomatous reaction to bacteria with granule formation; single or multiple abscesses of skin and subcutaneous tissue break down to yield multiple sinus tracts; small papule; extremities, perianal sinus tracts, face Int J Dermatol 22:455-459, 1983; AD 115:609-610, 1979 Brucellosis JAAD 48:474-476, 2003 Calymmatobacterium granulomatis (Donovanosis) – papules of upper arms and chest J Clin Inf Dis 25:24-32, 1997 Candida sepsis – papules and nodules with pale centers Am J Dermatopathol 8:501-504, 1986; JAMA 229:1466-1468, 1974; Candida tropicalis Cutis 71:466-468, 2003; congenital cutaneous candidiasis AJDC 135:273-275, 1981 Cat scratch disease – Bartonella henselae; red papule, becomes vesicle, crusts, ulcerates, heals with scar Am J Dis Child 139:1124-1133, 1985; JAMA 154:1247-1251, 1954 Caterpillars – puss caterpillar (larval stage of flannel moth, Megalopyge opercularis) Cutis 71:445-448, 2003 Cercarial dermatitis – schistosomes; pruritic red papules; fresh water avian cercarial dermatitis (swimmer’s itch) Cutis 19:461-467, 1977; sea water avian cercarial dermatitis Bull Mrine Sci Gulf Coast 2:346-348, 1952; fresh water mammalian cercarial dermatitis Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 66:21-24, 1972; cercarial dermatitis from snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) in aquarium tank BJD 145:638-640, 2001 Cheyletiella mites – dogs, cats, rabbits; papules, papulovesicles, pustules, necrosis JAAD 50:819-842, 2004; AD 116:435-437, 1980

Chigger bites Chromomycosis Coccidioidomycosis Cutis 70:70-72, 2002; acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis with interstitial granulomatous dermatitis JAAD 45:840-845, 2001 Coral dermatitis Cowpox – papule progresses to vesicle to hemorrhagic vesicle to umbilicated pustule, then eschar with ulcer JAAD 49:513-518, 2003; JAAD 44:1-14, 2001; BJD 1331:598-607, 1994 Cryptococcosis Clin Inf Dis 33:700-705, 2001; JAAD 32:844-850, 1995 Cutaneous larva migrans Cytomegalovirus JAAD 38:349-351, 1998 Dematiaceous fungal infections in organ transplant recipients – all lesions on extremities

Alternaria Bipolaris hawaiiensis Exophiala jeanselmei, E. spinifera, E. pisciphera, E. castellani Exserohilum rostratum Fonsacaea pedrosoi Phialophora parasitica

Dental sinus Dermatophytosis Dracunculosis – small papule or vesicle which ruptures Dermatol Clinic 7:323-330, 1989 Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis – vascular papules or nodules; Echovirus 25, 32; Coxsackie B virus Ped Derm 19:76-77, 2002 Fire corals – urticarial lesions followed by vesiculobullous rash, chronic granulomatous and lichenoid lesions Contact Dermatitis 29:285-286, 1993; Int J Dermatol 30:271-273, 1991 Folliculitis – various organisms Fusarium – sepsis with red/gray papules JAAD 47:659-666, 2002 Gianotti-Crosti syndrome Ped Derm 21:542-547, 2004 Glanders – Pseudomonas mallei – cellulitis which ulcerates with purulent foul-smelling discharge, regional lymphatics become abscesses; nasal and palatal necrosis and destruction; metastatic papules, pustules, bullae over joints and face, then ulcerate; deep abscesses with sinus tracts occur; polyarthritis, meningitis, pneumonia Rook p.1146-1147, 1998, Sixth Edition Gnathostomiasis Gonococcemia – periarticular lesions appear in crops with red macules, papules, vesicles with red halo, pustules, bullae becoming hemorrhagic and necrotic; suppurative arthritis and tenosynovitis Ann Intern Med 102:229-243, 1985 Gypsy moth caterpillar dermatitis Helminth infection – Enterobius vermicularis Herpes zoster – disseminated zoster, hyponatremia, severe abdominal pain and leukemia relapse BJD 149:862-865, 2003 Histoplasmosis – disseminated histoplasmosis Tyring p.341, 2002; BJD 144:205-207, 2001; J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 10:182-185, 1998; Int J Dermatol 36:599-603, 1997; Diagnostic Challenges Vol V:77-79, 1994; JAAD 29:311-313, 1993; JAAD 23:422-428, 1990; BJD 113:345-348, 1985 Insect bites – mites including avian mite bites (Dermanyssus gallinae) (gamasoidosis, acariasis); other bird mites (Ornithonyssus sylviarum and O. bursa); baker’s itch (Acarus siro); grocer’s itch (Glycophagus domesticus); coolie itch (onions, plant bulbs, tea) (Rhizoglyphus parasiticus); dried fruit itch (dried fruit, feathers, skin) (Carpoglyphus lactis); from pet gerbils AD 137:167-170, 2001; mites – barley itch, grainshoveller’s itch, grain itch (Pyemotes tritici ), straw itch, cotton seed dermatitis Rook p.1468, 1998, Sixth Edition; trombiculid

mites (Eutromicula) (chiggers (E. alfreddugusi )); Pyemotes ventricosus (wood mite) The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.61, 2000; tropical rat mite (O. baconi ) Cutis 42:414-416, 1988; cheese mite (Glyciphagus) bites – papulovesicles and pustules Dermatol Clin 8:265-275, 1990; fleas – human flea (Pulex irritans); cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis); dog flea (C. canis); bird flea (Ceratophyllus gallinae); beetles (Paederus fuscipes) – blisters, papules Eur J Ped 152:6-8, 1993; carpet beetle (Anthrenus verbasci ) JAAD 5:428-432, 1981; bedbugs (Cimex lectularis, C. hemipterus); mosquitoes The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.63, 2000; sandflies (Phlebotomus, Lutzomyia) – harara, urticaria multiformis endemica in Middle East The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.64, 2000 Janeway lesion Med News 75:257-262, 1899 Jellyfish stings Leishmaniasis Clin Inf Dis 33:815,897-898, 2001; AD 134:193-198, 1998; J Clin Inf Dis 22:1-13, 1996; post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis – papules of cheeks, chin, ears, extensor forearms, buttocks, lower legs; in India, hypopigmented macules; nodules develop after years; tongue, palate, genitalia Rook p.1419-1420, 1998, Sixth Edition; E Afr Med J 63:365-371, 1986 Lepidopterism – butterflies and moths The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.63, 2000 Leprosy – lepromatous leprosy Rook p.1224, 1998, Sixth Edition Listeriosis Lobomycosis Lyme disease – papular variant JAAD 49:363-392, 2003 Majocchi’s granuloma Malacoplakia AD 134:244-245, 1998 Meningococcemia – acute or chronic BJD 153:669-671, 2005; Rev Infect Dis 8:1-11, 1986 Molluscum contagiosum, including giant molluscum contagiosum Murine typhus Clin Inf Dis 21:859, 1995 Mycobacterium avium complex – traumatic inoculation papules BJD 130:785-790, 1994 Mycobacterium haemophilum Clin Inf Dis 33-330-337, 2001 Mycobacteria kansasii Ped Derm 18:131-134, 2001 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – tuberculosis cutis orificialis (acute tuberculous ulcer) – red edematous papules break down to form shallow ulcers of mouth, tongue, dental sockets, genitalia, perianal region Rook p.1193, 1998, Sixth Edition; miliary J Clin Inf Dis 23:706-710, 1996; lupus vulgaris; papulonecrotic tuberculid Ped Derm 7:191-195, 1990; Ped Derm 15:450-455, 1998 Myiasis Cutis 55:47-48, 1995 Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis – infectious etiology – Serratia, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus JAAD 38:1-17, 1998 North American blastomycosis – disseminated blastomycosis Clin Infect Dis 33:1706, 1770-1771, 2001; Am Rev Resp Dis 120:911-938, 1979; Medicine 47:169-200, 1968 Onchocerciasis – presents with blotchy erythema and urticarial papules BJD 121:187-198, 1989 Orf – reddish-blue papule becomes hemorrhagic umbilicated pustule or bulla surrounded by gray-white or violaceous rim which is surrounded by a rim of erythema AD 126:356-358, 1990; large lesions may resemble pyogenic granulomas or lymphoma; rarely widespread papulovesicular or bullous lesions occur Int J Dermatol 19:340-341, 1980

Osler’s node (subacute bacterial endocarditis) – small, red papules on distal finger and toe pads NEJM 295:1500-1505, 1976 Paecilomyces lalacinus (cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis) JAAD 35:779-781, 1996; JAAD 39:401-409, 1998 Papular urticaria Semin Dermatol 12:53-56, 1993 Paragonimus Pediculosis – head lice – pruritic papules of nape of neck Rook p.1441, 1998, Sixth Edition; generalized pruritic eruption NEJM 234:665-666, 1946 Peloderma strongyloides (nematode larvae) – exanthem of papules and pustules JAAD 51:S109-112, 2004 Penicillium marneffei Clin Inf Dis 18:246-247, 1994 Pheohyphomycotic cyst – fluctuant papules JAAD 28:34-44, 1993 Pinta – primary AD 135:685-688, 1999 Pityrosporum folliculitis J Dermatol 27:49-51, 2000; Int J Dermatol 38:453-456, 1999; JAAD 234:693-696, 1991; Ann Intern Med 108:560-563, 1988; JAAD 12:56-61, 1985 Plague (Yersinia pestis) Portuguese man-of-war stings J Emerg Med 10:71-77, 1992 Protothecosis AD 125:1249-1252, 1999; Cutis 63:185-188, 1999 Pseudomonas – swimming pool or hot tub folliculitis; macules, papules, pustules, urticarial lesions JAMA 239:2362-2364, 1978; JAMA 235:2205-2206, 1976; Pseudomonas wet suit dermatitis – pustules and papules Ped Derm 458-459, 2003 Rat bite fever (Streptobacillus moniliformis (pleomorphic facultative anaerobic bacillus) or Spirillium minor (Soduku)) – macular, petechial, or morbilliform widespread exanthem; palmoplantar rash; arthralgia and chronic arthritis; Haverhill fever (raw milk) – papules, crusted papules, vesicles, pustules; chronic abscesses Cleveland Clin Q 52 (2):203-205, 1985; Pediatr Clin N Am 26:377-411, 1979 Rheumatic fever – papules on extensor extremities near joints Rook p.2732, 1998, Sixth Edition Rickettsia slovaca (Hungary) – Dermacentor marginatus or D. reticulatus tick bite; erythema marginatum-like lesions; scalp papules, crusted scalp papules and subsequent alopecia; tick-borne lymphadenopathy Clin Inf Dis 34:1331-1336, 2002 Salmonella typhimurium – rose spots on abdomen, chest and back seen in typhoid fever NEJM 340:869-876, 1999; Lancet 1:1211-1213, 1975; AD 105:252-253, 1972 Scabies – persistent nodular arthropod reactions on elbows, abdomen, genitalia, and axillae (pseudolymphoma syndrome) JAAD 38:877-905, 1998 Schistosomal dermatitis – identical to swimmer’s itch Dermatol Clin 7:291-300, 1989; Schistosoma hematobium – groin and back JAAD 42:678-680, 2000; Am J Dermatopath 16:434-438, 1994 Seabather’s eruption – Cnidaria larvae (Linuche unguiculata (thimble jellyfish)); Edwardsiella lineata (sea anemone) Rook p.1476, 1998, Sixth Edition Sea urchin sting – red rash on knees and ankles Dermatologica 180:99-101, 1990; sea urchin granuloma Int J Derm 25:649-650, 1986; Hautarzt 31:159-160, 1980 Sporotrichosis, disseminated Tyring p.342, 2002 Staphylococcal sepsis Swimmer’s itch – cercaria of Trichobiharzia ocellata, T. szidati, Diplostomum spathaceum, Schistosoma spindale Folia Parasitologica 39:399-400, 1992; Cutis 23:212-216, 1979; Hawaiian swimmer’s itch (stinging seaweed dermatitis) – olive-green or black algae (Microcolus lyngbyaceus) Hawaii Med J 52:274-275, 1993 Sycosis Syphilis – secondary; malignant lues JAAD 22:1061-1067, 1990

Tanapox – pruritic papule, initially Tyring p.59, 2002 Toxocariasis – (Toxocara canis, T. cati, T. leonensis) visceral larva migrans – papular rash of trunk and legs Dermatologica 144:129-143, 1972 Trichodysplasia spinulosa – papovaviral infection of immunocompromised host; progressive alopecia of eyebrows initially, then scalp and body hair and red follicular papules of nose, ears, forehead; leonine facies JID Symposium Proceedings 4:268-271, 1999 Trichosporon beigelii sepsis AD 129:1020-1023, 1993 Trichophyton rubrum, invasive Cutis 67:457-462, 2001 Trypanosomiasis Tsukamurella paurometabolum J Clin Inf Dis 23:839-840, 1996 Tularemia – vesiculopapular lesions of trunk and extremities Cutis 54:279-286, 1994; Photodermatology 2:122-123, 1985 Yaws – primary red papule (mother yaw), ulcerates, crusted; satellite papules; become round ulcers, papillomatous or vegetative friable nodules which bleed easily (raspberry-like) (framboesia); heals with large atrophic scar with white center with dark halo; secondary (daughter yaws, pianomas, framboesiomas) – small papules which ulcerate, become crusted; resemble raspberries; periorificial (around mouth, nose, penis, anus, vulva); extend peripherally (circinate yaws); hyperkeratotic plantar plaques (crab yaws); periungual Rook p.1268-1271, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 29:519-535, 1993 Viral exanthem West Nile virus – scattered red papules resembling folliculitis JAAD 51:820-823, 2004

Amyloidosis – primary systemic amyloid; lichen amyloid; presents as papular pruritis Dermatology 194:62-64, 1997 Benign cephalic histiocytosis – red-brown papules of cheeks, forehead, earlobes, neck Ped Derm 11:265-267, 1994; Ped Derm 6:198-201, 1989; AD 122:1038-43, 1986; JAAD 13:383-404, 1985 Congenital self-healing histiocytosis (Hashimoto-Pritzker disease) – red or blue nodular lesions in generalized distribution including palms and soles in neonatal period; self-limited over a few weeks Ped Derm 18:41-44, 2001; AD 134:625-630, 1998; Rook p.2319, 1998, Sixth Edition Generalized eruptive histiocytosis JAAD 50:116-120, 2004 Histiocytosis, cutaneous – papulonodular variant BJD 133:444-448, 1995 Focal mucinosis IgM storage papule BJD 106:217-222, 1982 Langerhans cell histiocytosis JAAD 13:481-496, 1985 Mastocytosis – urticaria pigmentosa; solitary mastocytoma Rook p.2341-2344, 1998, Sixth Edition; Acta DV (Stockh) 42:433-439, 1962 Progressive mucinous histiocytosis BJD 142:133-137, 2000 Verruciform xanthoma – red or yellow cauliflower-like appearance J Dermatol 16:397-401, 1989 Xanthogranulomas, including juvenile xanthogranuloma Rook p.2324, 1998, Sixth Edition Xanthoma disseminatum

Crohn’s disease – metastatic lesions Rook p.3175, 1998, Sixth Edition Endometriosis JAAD 41:327-329, 1999

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of AIDS Erythema multiforme Medicine 68:133-140, 1989; JAAD 8:763-765, 1983 Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with plaques (aka linear rheumatoid nodule, railway track dermatitis, linear granuloma annulare, palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis) JAAD 47:319-320, 2002 Kikuchi’s disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis) – multiple red papules of face, scalp, chest, back, arms; red plaques; erythema and acneform lesions of face; morbilliform, urticarial, and rubella-like exanthems; red or ulcerated pharynx; cervical adenopathy; associations with SLE, lymphoma, tuberculous adenitis, viral lymphadenitis, infectious mononucleosis, and drug eruptions BJD 144:885-889, 2001; JAAD 36:342-346, 1997; Am J Surg Pathol 14:872-876, 1990 Lymphocytoma cutis (pseudolymphoma) Acta DV 62:119-124, 1982; CD30 + T-cell rich pseudolymphoma – induced by gold acupuncture BJD 146:882-884, 2002 Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis BJD 142:784-788, 2000; JAAD 40:367-398, 1999; JAAD 38:1-17, 1998; JAAD 35:819-822, 1996; AD 118:263-266, 1982 Pyoderma gangrenosum Sarcoid Rook p.2687, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 133:882-888, 1997; NEJM 336:1224-1234, 1997; Clinics in Chest Medicine 18:663-679, 1997 Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) – violaceous, red papules and nodules; cervical lymphadenopathy; also axillary, inguinal, and mediastinal adenopathy JAAD 41:335-337, 1999; Int J Derm 37:271-274, 1998; BJD 134:749-753, 1996; Am J Dermatopathol 17:384-388, 1995; AD 114:191-197, 1978; Cancer 30:1174-1188, 1972 Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis JAAD 22:909-912, 1990

Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum BJD 144:363-368, 2001; AD 132:1219, 1222, 1996; AD 129:460-465, 1993

Adult onset GM-1, gangliosidosis (beta galactosidase deficiency) Clin Genet 17:323-334, 1980 α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency (Kanzaki’s disease) Aspartylglucosaminuria (aspartylglycosaminidase deficiency) BJD 147:760-764, 2002; J Med Genet 36:398-404, 1999; Paediatr Acta 36:179-189, 1991 β-mannosidosis (beta mannosidase deficiency) BJD 152:177-178, 2005; J Inherit Metab Dis 11:17-29, 1988; NEJM 315:1231, 1986 Fabry’s disease – α-galactosidase A deficiency NEJM 276:1163-1167, 1967; Arch Dermatol Syphil 43:187, 1898 Fucosidosis type II (α-l-fucosidase) AD 107:754-757, 1973; Science 176:420-427, 1972 Galactosialidosis (combined beta-galactosidase and sialidase) AD 120:1344-1346, 1984 Normal Sialidosis type II BJD 152:177-178, 2005; Ann Neurol 6:232-244, 1978 Galactosialidosis Kansaki’s disease (Kanzaki-Schindler disease) (α-N-acetylgalactosidase) AD 129:460-465, 1993 No enzyme deficiency – telangiectasias or small angiokeratomas AD 123:1125-1127, 1987; JAAD 12:885-886, 1985; telangiectasias or small angiokeratomas; and arteriovenous fistulae without metabolic disorders – papules AD 131:57-62, 1995

Cryoglobulinemia JAAD 48:311-340, 2003 Hepatocutaneous syndrome – in chronic active hepatitis; firm red papules leaving atrophic scars Br Med J i:817, 1977

Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum – starts as red papule Int J Derm 33:605-617, 1994; JAAD 18:530-537, 1988 Osteoma cutis – congenital osteoma cutis AD 133:775-780, 1997; progressive osseous heteroplasia – pink papules AD 132:787-791, 1996 Pregnancy – prurigo of pregnancy Semin Derm 8:23-25, 1989; pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy JAAD 10:473-480, 1984; Clin Exp Dermatol 7:65-73, 1982; JAMA 241:1696-1699, 1979 Whipple’s disease – sarcoid-like granulomas Ann DV 105:235-238, 1978 Xanthomas – eruptive xanthomas

Acquired digital fibrokeratoma Acrochordon, irritated Acrospiroma Cutis 58:349-351, 1996 Actinic keratosis Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma – red to red-brown papule Cutis 59:190-192, 1997; JAAD 30:417-422, 1994; generalized multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma JAAD 320-322, 1996 Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy Atrial myxoma – red macules and papules Cutis 62:275-280, 1998; JAAD 32:881-883, 1995; JAAD 21:1080-1084, 1989 Basal cell carcinoma – superficial basal cell carcinomas in radiation port AD 136:1007-1011, 2000; J Natl Cancer Inst 88:1848-1853, 1996; AD 131:484-488, 1995 Basaloid follicular hamartoma – pink papule AD 133:381-386, 1997 Benign self-healing histiocytosis Blue nevus – Caputo p.88, 2000; hypopigmented blue nevus of dorsum of foot; pink papule AD 138:1091-1096, 2002; J Cutan Pathol 24:494-498, 1997 Bowenoid papulosis Actas Dermosifilogr 72:545-550, 1981 Chalazion – yellow, skin-colored or red papule or nodule Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.165, 1999; Ophthalmology 87:218-221, 1980 Chondroid syringoma Clear cell acanthoma Am J Dermatopathol 16:134-139, 1994; BJD 83:248-254, 1970; Ann Dermatol Syphilol 89:361-371, 1962 Clear cell hidradenoma Dermatofibroma Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans – early, red papule/nodule JAAD 35:355-374, 1996 Desmoplastic nevus Histopathology 20:207-211, 1992 Digital mucous cyst Eccrine poroma – plantar red papule BJD 145:830-833, 2001; Rook p.1706-1707, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 74:511-521, 1956; digital papule AD 74:511-512, 1956 Eccrine spiradenoma Ghatan p.312, 2002, Second Edition Eccrine syringofibroadenoma BJD 143:591-594, 2000 Eruptive vellus hair cysts JAAD 3:425-429, 1980 Erythroplasia of Queyrat Exostosis, subungual Derm Surg 27:591-593, 2001; Rook p.2846, 1998, Sixth Edition Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus – skin-colored or red pedunculated nodule of trunk, groin, or thigh Ghatan p.308, 2002, Second Edition

Fibrofollicullomas Fibrous papule of the face (nose) (angiofibroma) JAAD 10:670-671, 1984 Generalized eruptive histiocytoma – hundreds of skin-colored, brown, blue-red papules; resolve with macular pigmentation; face, trunk, proximal extremities JAAD 31:322-326, 1994; JAAD 20:958-964, 1989; JAAD 17:499-454, 1987; AD 117:216-221, 1981; AD 116:565-567, 1980; AD 96:11-17, 1967 Granular cell tumor Ped Derm 14:489-490, 1997 Hidradenoma papilliferum JAAD 41:115-118, 1999 Kaposi’s sarcoma Keloids Rook p.2056-2057, 1998, Sixth Edition Keratoacanthoma – solitary; Grzybowski AD 120:736-740, 1984 Leiomyoma AD 141:199-206, 2005 Leiomyosarcoma – blue-black; also red, brown, yellow or hypopigmented JAAD 46:477-490, 2002 Leukemic infiltrates, including AMML, ALL, CLL JAAD 35:849-850, 1996; monocytic leukemia – red, brown, violaceous patch or nodule AD 123:225-231, 1971; preleukemic state of monocytosis and neutropenia – perniotic lesions BJD 81:327-332, 1969 Leukemid Lichen planus-like keratosis AD 116:780-782, 1980 Lymphoma – B-cell; cutaneous, T-cell lymphoma JAAD 52:694-698, 2005; angiotropic B-cell lymphoma (malignant angioendotheliomatosis) – cherry angioma-like lesions BJD 143:162-164, 2000; Hodgkin’s disease, immunocytoma (low grade B-cell lymphoma) – reddish-brown papules JAAD 44:324-329, 2001; adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (HTLV-1) JAAD 46:S137-141, 2002; AD 134:439-444, 1998; JAAD 34:69-76, 1996; BJD 128:483-492, 1993; Am J Med 84:919-928, 1988; HTLV-1 leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) – red-brown annular patches, red papules and nodules BJD 152:76-81, 2005; red-orange papulonodules – HTLV-1 granulomatous T-cell lymphoma JAAD 44:525-529, 2001; pityriasis lichenoides-like CTCL BJD 142:347-352, 2000; nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma JAAD 46:451-456, 2002; angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (T-cell lymphoma) BJD 144:878-884, 2001 Lymphomatoid granulomatosis – pink papules AD 139:803-808, 2003 Lymphomatoid papulosis Melanoma – primary, metastatic Melanocytic nevus, including atypical nevus JAAD 14:1044-1052, 1986 Merkel cell carcinoma – red papule of eyelid mimicking chalazion Am J Ophthalmol 121:331-332, 1996; Aust NZ J Ophthlmol 24:377-380, 1996; J R Coll Surg Edin 36:129-130, 1991 Metastases – induration, ulcer, or painless nodule Arch Opthalmol 92:276-286, 1974; breast cancer Cutis 31:411-415, 1983; testicular choriocarcinoma Cutis 67:117-120, 2001; lung Eu J Derm 8:573-574, 1998; carcinoma telangiectatica Rook p.2294, 1998, Sixth Edition; renal cell carcinoma; osteosarcoma JAAD 49:757-760, 2003; well differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma – purple nodule BJD 150:778-780, 2004; carcinoma telangiectoides Mucoepidermoid carcinoma – red papule of scalp Derm Surg 27:1046-1048, 2001 Multiple myeloma Myelodysplastic syndrome – disseminated cutaneous granulomatous eruptions Clin Exp Dermatol 18:559-563, 1993

Neurofibroma Neuroma, including solitary encapsulated neuroma BJD 142:1061-1062, 2000 Nevus comedonicus, inflammatory JAAD 38:834-836, 1998 Nevus, melanocytic, hemorrhagic Nevus sebaceus Oncocytoma – bright red or yellow papule of eyelid Arch Ophthalmol 102:263-265, 1984 Pilomatrixoma – papule Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.71, 1999 Pinkus tumors Plasmacytoma – extramedullary plasmacytoma JAAD 19:879-890, 1988; AD 127:69-74, 1991; systemic plasmacytosis JAAD 38:629-631, 1998 Porocarcinoma BJD 152:1051-1055, 2005 Porokeratosis, disseminated superficial actinic AD 99:408-412, 1969; linear porokeratosis AD 135:1544-1555,1547-1548, 1999; Ped Derm 4:209, 1987; AD 109:526-528, 1974; porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris et disseminata Poroma – pink, purple, red papule JAAD 44:48-52, 2001 Post-transplant Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder JAAD 51:778-780, 2004 Progressive nodular histiocytoma Reticulohistiocytoma Sebaceous carcinoma – red papule (mimics chalazion); late ulceration Br J Ophthalmol 82:1049-1055, 1998; Br J Plast Surg 48:93-96, 1995; JAAD 25:685-690, 1991; J Derm Surg Oncol 11:260-264, 1985; papule Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.40-41, 1999 Spitz nevus Caputo p.86, 2000; JAAD 27:901-913, 1992 Squamous cell carcinoma Syringosquamous metaplasia JAAD 38:1-17, 1998; AD 123:1202-1204, 1987 Syringocystadenoma papilliferum – linear red papules JAAD 45:139-141, 2001; AD 121:1197-1202, 1985 Transient myeloproliferative disorder associated with mosaicism for trisomy 21 – vesiculopustular rash NEJM 348:2557-2566, 2003; in trisomy 21 or normal patients; periorbital vesiculopustules, red papules, crusted papules, and ulcers; with periorbital edema Ped Derm 21:551-554, 2004 Tumor of follicular infundibulum – single or multiple – associated with Cowden’s, nevus sebaceus JAAD 33:979-84, 1995 Waldenström’s IgM storage papules – skin-colored translucent papules on extensor extremities, buttocks, trunk; may be hemorrhagic, crusted, or umbilicated pruritic papules, vesicles, bullae, urticaria JAAD 45:S202-206, 2001 Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia with lymphoplasmacytoid B-cells – chest, earlobes, facial papules JAAD 45:S202-206, 2001; red papule AD 134:1127-1131, 1998; AD 128:372-376, 1992; AD 124:1851-1856, 1988; Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia with granulomatous dermatitis – personal observation

Actinic reticuloid (pseudolymphoma syndrome) JAAD 38:877-905, 1998 HIV photosensitivity Polymorphic light eruption

Eosinophilic dermatosis of myeloproliferative disease – red papulonodules AD 137:1378-1380, 2001 Eruptive cherry angiomas Clin Exp Dermatol 3:147-155, 1978 Generalized eruptive histiocytosis associated with acute myelogenous leukemia JAAD 49:S233-236, 2003 Insect bite-like reactions associated with hematologic malignancies AD 135:1503-1507, 1999 Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia Sign of Leser-Trelat – inflammatory seborrheic keratoses

Acne rosacea Rook p.2104-2110, 1998, Sixth Edition Acne vulgaris Acute parapsoriasis (pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta) (Mucha-Habermann disease) AD 123:1335-1339, 1987; AD 118:478, 1982 Alopecia mucinosa (follicular mucinosis) JAAD 38:803-805, 1998 Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia – disseminated papules over face, trunk and extremities Cutis 72:323-326, 2003 Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of childhood AD 133:775-780, 1997 Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis – bright red pinpoint lesions JAAD 52:174-175, 2005; AD 140:757, 2004 Erythema elevatum diutinum Cutis 68:41-42, 55, 2001; Medicine (Baltimore) 56:443-455, 1977 Erythema of acral regions – red papules and plaques on ears and distal extremities Erythema of Jacquet Granular parakeratosis – scaly red papules JAAD 52:863-867, 2005 Granuloma annulare JAAD 3:217-230, 1980 Granuloma faciale Int J Dermatol 36:548-551, 1997; AD 129:634-635, 637, 1993; extrafacial granuloma faciale AD 79:42-52, 1959 Granulomatous periorificial dermatitis – extrafacial and generalized periorificial dermatitis AD 138:1354-1358, 2002 Granulosis rubra nasi Grover’s disease (transient acantholytic dermatosis) AD 101:426-434, 1970 Keratosis pilaris Lichen nitidus Lichen planus Miliaria rubra BJD 99:117-137, 1978 Papular elastorrhexis Papular prurigo Perforating folliculitis Perioral dermatitis including facial Afro-Caribbean childhood eruption (FACE) BJD 91:435-438, 1976 Pityriasis lichenoides chronica Pityriasis rosea Pityriasis rubra pilaris Psoriasis Prurigo pigmentosa Cutis 63:99-102, 1999; BJD 120:705-708, 1989; AD 125:1551-1554, 1989; JAAD 12:165-169, 1985

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum Reactive perforating collagenosis Subacute prurigo (itchy red bump disease) JAAD 24:697-702, 1991; JAAD 4:723-729, 1981

Acral angiokeratoma-like pseudolymphoma (APACHE syndrome) – red papules JAAD S209-211, 2001; BJD 124:387-388, 1991 Ataxia-telangiectasia – granuloma Clin Exp Dermatol 18:458-461, 1993 Basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome – multiple skin-colored, red, and hyperpigmented papules of the face, neck chest, back, proximal extremities, and eyelids; syndrome includes milia-like cysts, comedones, sparse scalp hair, palmar pits, and parallel bands of papules of the neck (zebra stripes) JAAD 43:189-206, 2000 Behçet’s disease JAAD 41:540-545, 1999; JAAD 40:1-18, 1999; NEJM 341:1284-1290, 1999; JAAD 36:689-696, 1997 Blau or Jabs syndrome (familial juvenile systemic granulomatosis) – translucent skin-colored papules of trunk and extremities with uveitis, synovitis, arthritis; polyarteritis, multiple synovial cysts; red papular rash in early childhood; autosomal dominant; resembles childhood sarcoid – red papules; chromosome 16p12-q21 JAAD 49:299-302, 2003; Am J Hum Genet 76:217-221, 1998; Am J Hum Genet 59:1097-1107, 1996; Clin Exp Dermatol 21:445-448, 1996 Congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis AD 134:625-630, 1998 Cowden’s syndrome – tumor of follicular infundibulum – single or multiple – associated with Cowden’s, nevus sebaceus JAAD 33:979-84, 1995; angiomas Rook p.2711, 1998, Sixth Edition Eruptive familial lingual papillitis Ped Derm 14:13-16, 1997 Farber’s disease (disseminated lipogranulomatosis) – red papules and nodules of joints and tendons of hands and feet; deforming arthritis; papules, plaques, and nodules of ears, back of scalp and trunk Rook p.2642, 1998, Sixth Edition; Am J Dis Child 84:449-500, 1952 Goltz’s syndrome – raspberry papillomas J Med Genet 27:180-187, 1990 Hepatocutaneous syndrome Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis JAAD 35:298-303, 1996; AD 124:1225-1229, 1988 Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease) Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis – autosomal dominant; skin-colored or red-brown papules; nose, hands, forearms, thighs JAAD 35:298-303, 1996; AD 130:1300-1304, 1994 Hypereosinophilic syndrome – red papulonodules BJD 144:639, 2001; AD 132:583-585, 1996; Med Clin (Barc) 106:304-306, 1996; Blood 83:2759-2779, 1994; AD 114:531-535, 1978; Medicine 54:1-27, 1975 Hyper-IgD syndrome – autosomal recessive; red macules or papules, urticaria, red nodules, urticaria, combinations of periodic fever, arthritis, arthralgias, and rash, annular erythema, and pustules, abdominal pain with vomiting and diarrhea, lymphadenopathy; elevated IgD and IgA – mevalonate kinase deficiency Ped Derm 22:138-141, 2005; AD 136:1487-1494, 2000; AD 130:59-65, 1994; Medicine 73:133-144, 1994; Lancet 1:1084-1090, 1984 Infantile systemic hyalinosis Am J Med Genet 100:122-129, 2001 Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis POEMS syndrome – glomeruloid hemangioma JAAD 37:887-920, 1997

Reiter’s syndrome REM (reticular erythematous mucinosis) syndrome JAAD 27:825-828, 1992; Ped Derm 7:1-10, 1990; Z Hautkr 63:986-998, 1988 (German); JAAD 19:859-868, 1988; AD 115:1340-1342, 1979; BJD 91:191-199, 1974; Z Hautkr 49:235-238, 1974 Rosai-Dorfman disease BJD 148:1060-1061, 2003 Rowell’s syndrome – lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme-like syndrome – papules, annular targetoid lesions, vesicles, bullae, necrosis, ulceration, oral ulcers; perniotic lesions JAAD 21:374-377, 1989 Self-healing infantile familial cutaneous mucinosis Ped Derm 14:460-462, 1997 Sweet’s syndrome – red papules of knees associated with human granulocytic anaplasmosis AD 141:887-889, 2005 Torre’s syndrome

Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (L-tryptophan related) – morphea, urticaria, papular lesions; arthralgia BJD 127:138-146, 1992; Int J Dermatol 31:223-228, 1992; Mayo Clin Proc 66:457-463, 1991; Ann Intern Med 112:758-762, 1990

Chilblains Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronicus helicis Cold panniculitis Granuloma fissuratum Mastectomy – granulomatous nodules after mastectomy for breast carcinoma BJD 146:891-894, 2002 Radiation therapy – eosinophilic polymorphic and pruritic eruption associated with radiotherapy (EPPER) – bullae, red papules, pruritic AD 137:821-822, 2001; violaceous or red papules – post-radiation angiosarcoma Scar

Acral arteriovenous hemangioma Dermatologica 113:129-141, 1956 Angiofibroma Angiokeratoma circumscriptum AD 117:138-139, 1981 Angiokeratoma of Fordyce Angiokeratoma of Mibelli – autosomal dominant; associated with chilblains; on dorsum of fingers, toes, hands, feet AD 106:726-728, 1972 Angiokeratoma, solitary papular – occur after trauma in adult life – red to blue-black; may rapidly enlarge or bleed and simulate melanoma AD 117:138-139, 1981; AD 95:166-175, 1967; strawberry glans penis due to multiple angiokeratomas BJD 142:1256-1257, 2000

1)Circumscriptum-usually present at birth; may be part of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, mixed vascular malformations, or Cobb’s syndrome 2) Mibelli – autosomal dominant; associated with acrocyanosis and chilblains; develop at age 10-15 3) Acquired – solitary papule 4) Angiokeratoma of scrotum (Fodyce) 5) Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry’s disease) AD Syphilol 64:301-308, 1951

Angioma – proliferating hemangioma, cherry angioma (Campbell de Morgan spots) Rook p.2092, 1998, Sixth Edition

Angiomas, eruptive – treatment with cyclosporine in a patient with psoriasis AD 134:1487-1488, 1998 Angioma serpiginosum Angiopericytomatosis (angiomatosis with cryoproteins) – painful red papules and ulcerated plaques acrally; necrotic plaques JAAD 49:887-896, 2003 Angiosarcoma – lymphedematous leg BJD 138:692-694, 1998; radiation-induced – papulonodules JAAD 38:143-175, 1998 Aortic angiosarcoma with cutaneous metastases JAAD 43:930-933, 2000 Arteriovenous hemangioma (cirsoid aneurysm or acral arterivenous tumor) – associated with chronic liver disease BJD 144:604-609, 2001 Benign (reactive) angioendotheliomatosis (benign lymphangioendothelioma, acquired progressive lymphangioma, multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis) – present at birth; red brown or violaceous nodules or plaques on face, arms, legs with petechiae, ecchymoses, and small areas of necrosis AD 140:599-606, 2004; JAAD 38:143-175, 1998; AD 114:1512, 1978 Benign lymphangiomatous papules of the skin JAAD 52:912-913, 2005 Churg-Strauss disease – red macules and papules JAAD 47:209-216, 2002 Degos’ disease (malignant atrophic papulosis) BJD 100:21-36, 1979; Ann DV 79:410-417, 1954 Disseminated (diffuse) neonatal hemangiomatosis Ped Derm 21:469-472, 2004; Ped Derm 14:383-386, 1997 Eosinophilic vasculitis AD 130:1159-1166, 1994; in connective tissue diseases JAAD 35:173-182, 1996; cutaneous necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis AD 130:1159-66, 1994 Epithelioid hemangioma AD 137:365-370, 2001; JAAD 35:851-853, 1996 Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis – 1.5-mm regular red vascular blanchable papules of face; probably a viral exanthem Ped Derm 19:243-245, 2002; BJD 143:435-438, 2000 Glomeruloid hemangioma – vascular papule in POEMS syndrome JAAD 49:887-896, 2003; Am J Med 97:543-553, 1994 Glomus tumor Hemolymphangioma – red papules of tongue JAAD 52:1088-1090, 2005 Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia – pseudo-Kaposi’s sarcoma – red or purple papules and nodules of the legs JAAD 10:110-113, 1984 Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma JAAD 38:799-802, 1998 Lymphangiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves tumor) – red papules in lymphedematous extremity Arch Surg 94:223-230, 1967; Cancer 1:64-81, 1948 Lymphohemangioma Microvenular hemangioma AD 131:483-488, 1995 Multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis – congenital appearance of hundreds of flat vascular papules and and plaques associated with gastrointestinal bleeding, thrombocytopenia with bone and joint involvement; spontaneous resolution J Pediatr Orthop 24:87-91, 2004 Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma – grouped violaceous or red papules on extremities of women Cutis 63:145-148, 1999; BJD 113 (Suppl29):15, 1985 Non-involuting congenital hemangioma – round to ovoid pink to purple papule or plaque with central or peripheral pallor, coarse telangiectasias JAAD 50:875-882, 2004 Polyarteritis nodosa, including cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa Pyogenic granuloma

Spider telangiectasia Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma – violaceous papule surrounded by pale brown halo AD 136:1571-1572, 2000; J Cutan Pathol 26:279-286, 1999; JAAD 41:215-224, 1999; JAAD 32:282-284, 1995 Tufted angioma – deep red papule, plaque, or nodule of back or neck JAAD 52:616-622, 2005; Ped Derm 19:394-401, 2002; JAAD 20:214-225, 1989 Vascular malformations Vasculitis, including leukocytoclastic vasculitis, urticarial vasculitis Virus-associated hemosiderotic hemangioma Wegener’s granulomatosis Rook p.2219, 1998, Sixth Edition

Acantholytic acanthomas in immunosuppressed patients JAAD 27:452-453, 1992 Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome JAAD 14:792-796, 1986 Lupus erythematosus – papulonodular dermal mucinosis AD 140:121-126, 2004; Int J Derm 35:72-73, 1996; JAAD 32:199-205, 1995; JAAD 27:312-315, 1992; AD 114:432-435, 1978 Rheumatoid papules JAAD 28:405-411 1993

Bronchogenic cyst with papilloma JAAD 11:367-371, 1984 Congenital rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma Wattle (cutaneous cervical tag) AD 121:22-23, 1985

BCG vaccine – granulomas JAAD 21:1119-1122, 1989

Bovine collagen implant J Derm Surg Oncol 9:377-380, 1983 Foreign body granuloma

Brucellosis AD 125:380-383, 1989 Cat scratch disease, inoculation papule Ped Derm 5:1-9, 1988; multiple leg papules Cutis 49:318-320, 1992 Cheyletiella dermatitis JAAD 15:1130-1133, 1986 Coccidioidomycosis JAAD 26:79-85, 1992 Corynebacterium group JK sepsis JAAD 16:444-447, 1987 Cowpox JAAD 44:1-14, 2001 Cytomegalovirus infection, generalized JAAD 24:346-352,1991 Demodex folliculorum – papulonodular demodicidosis in AIDS JAAD 20:197-201, 1989 Fusarium – papulovesicular Ped Derm 962-965, 1992 HIV exanthem AD 125:629-632, 1989 HTLV-1 JAAD 24:633-637,1991 Infectious eccrine hidradenitis JAAD 22:1119-1120, 1990

Insect bite granuloma Leishmaniasis – localized cutaneous leishmaniasis JAAD 34:257-272, 1996 Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis JAAD 34:257-72, 1996 Meningococcemia Ped Derm 3:414-416, 1986 Milker’s nodule – papilloma JAAD 44:1-14, 2001 Molluscum contagiosum Monkeypox JAAD 44:1-14, 2001 Mycobacterium kansasii JAAD 40:359-363, 1999 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – miliary tuberculosis – papulovesicles JAAD 23:1031-1035, 1990; papulonecrotic tuberculid JAAD 14:815-826, 1986 Myiasis Orf – papilloma JAAD 44:1-14, 2001 Pinta AD 135:685-688, 1999 Schistosomiasis – ectopic cutaneous granuloma – skin-colored papule, 2-3-mm Dermatol Clin 7:291-300, 1989; BJD 114:597-602, 1986 Smallpox JAAD 44:1-14, 2001 Soil nematode, Peloderma strongyloides Ped Derm 2:33-37, 1985 Sparganosis – ingestion sparganosis; Sparganum proliferum – subcutaneous nodules and pruritic papules Am J Trop Med Hyg 30:625-637, 1981 Sporotrichosis, fixed cutaneous JAAD 12:1007-1012, 1985 Toxoplasmosis in AIDS AD 124:1446-1447, 1988 Verruca vulgaris

Benign cephalic histiocytosis Cutaneous focal mucinosis AD 93:13-20, 1966 Cutaneous mucinosis of infancy – grouped skin-colored papules – resembles connective tissue nevus BJD 144:590-593, 2001; Ped Derm 18:159-161, 2001; AD 116:198-200, 1980 Disseminated xanthosiderohistiocytosis JAAD 11:750-755, 1984 Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis AD 124:1225-1229, 1988 Langerhans cell histiocytosis including Letterer-Siwe disease and xanthoma disseminatum JAAD 25:433-436, 1991; JAAD 18:646-654, 1988 Lichen myxedematosus JAAD 14:878-888, 1986 Non-X histiocytosis JAAD 31:322-326, 1994 Papular mucinosis Cutis 55:174-176, 1995; AD 125:985-990, 1989 Self-healing juvenile cutaneous mucinosis

Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (palisaded neutrophilic granulomatous dermatitis) – annular plaques, skin-colored papules, linear erythematous cords, urticarial lesions JAAD 51:S105-107, 2004; JAAD 47:251-257, 2002 Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis J Dermatol 22:137-142, 1995; AD 126:527-532, 1990 Sarcoid – lichen nitidus-like papules AD 127:1049-1-54, 1991; Darier-Roussy sarcoid

Calcinosis cutis – idiopathic Rook p.2665, 1998, Sixth Edition; papular or nodular calcinosis cutis secondary to heel sticks Ped Derm 18:138-140, 2001; cutaneous calculus BJD 75:1-11,

1963; extravasation of calcium carbonate solution; metastatic calcification JAAD 33:693-706, 1995; Cutis 32:463-465, 1983 Cutis anserina Miliaria profunda – pale papules 1-3-mm JAAD 35:854-856, 1996 Papular dermatitis of pregnancy JAAD 22:690-691, 1990 Papular xanthoma JAAD 22:1052-156,1990, AD 121:626-631, 1985 X-linked infantile hypogammaglobulinemia (caseating granulomas) JAAD 24:629-633, 1991

Apocrine nevi – chest papules Basal cell carcinoma – palmar JAAD 33:823-824, 1995; perianal Clin Exp Dermatol 17:360-362, 1992 Basaloid follicular hamartoma – solitary papule or generalized papules with alopecia and myasthenia gravis BJD 146:1068-1070, 2002 Clear cell acanthoma AD 129:1505-1510, 1993 Collagenoma (connective tissue nevus) – eruptive, familial cutaneous Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma AD 138:1091-1096, 2002; AD 132:1239-1240, 1996; Cancer 40:2979-2986, 1977 Eccrine nevus – skin-colored perianal papule AD 141:515-520, 2005 Epidermal inclusion cyst Eruptive hidradenoma Cutis 46:69-72, 1990 Eruptive infundibulomas – chest JAAD 21:361-366, 1989 Eruptive vellus hair cysts AD 120:1191-1195, 1984 Extramammary Paget’s disease, perianal – resembles basal cell carcinoma Clin Exp Dermatol 17:360-362, 1992 Extramedullary hematopoiesis in acute myelofibrosis AD 124:329-330, 1988 Generalized eruptive histiocytoma – hundreds of skin-colored, brown, blue-red papules; resolve with macular pigmentation; face, trunk, proximal extremities JAAD 31:322-326, 1994; JAAD 20:958-964, 1989; JAAD 17:499-454, 1987; AD 117:216-221, 1981; AD 116:565-567, 1980; AD 96:11-17, 1967 Giant folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma – skin-colored exophytic papules AD 141:1035-1040, 2005; Am J Dermatopathol 13:213-220, 1991 Infantile choriocarcinoma JAAD 14:918-927, 1986 Juvenile xanthogranuloma JAAD 14:405-411, 1986 Kaposi’s sarcoma in AIDS JAAD 22:1237-1250, 1990 Leukemia cutis – acute myelomonocytic leukemia AD 126:653-656, 1990 Lymphoma – generalized papular xanthomatosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma JAAD 26:828-832, 1992 Lymphomatoid granulomatosis AD 127:1693-8, 1991 Melanocytic nevus Meningioma Metastases – metastatic lung carcinoma – papule within a scar JAAD 36:117-118, 1997 Multiple cutaneous reticulohistiocytomas, including self-healing reticulohistiocytosis JAAD 25:948-951, 1992 Neurilemmomas Neuroma, traumatic Nevus elasticus Osteoma cutis JAAD 24:878-881, 1991

Poroma – papilloma, especially of scalp JAAD 44:48-52, 2001 Progressive osseous heteroplasia – infants JAAD 33:693-706, 1995 Pilomatrixoma Pinkus tumor – skin-colored, pink, or brown; sessile or pedunculated Cutis 54:85-92, 1994 Sclerotic fibromas JAAD 20:266-271, 1989 Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy JAAD 13:383-404, 1985 Skin tag lesions in epidermal nevi JAAD 20:476-488, 1989 Smooth muscle hamartoma – skin-colored papules Ped Derm 18:17-20, 2001 Spitz nevus Steatocystoma multiplex Superficial pigmented trichoblastoma arising in a nevus sebaceous JAAD 42:263-268, 2000 Syringomas, including eruptive syringoma AD 125:1119-1120, 1989 Syringocystadenoma papilliferum Trichilemmal carcinoma Dermatol Surg 28:284-286, 2002 Trichoepithelioma, single or multiple Urticaria pigmentosa Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia – skin-colored translucent papule – IgM storage lesion BJD 135:287-291, 1996

Papular phytophotodermatitis – weed wacker dermatitis AD 127:1419-1420, 1991

Atrichia with papular lesions AD 122:565-567, 1986 Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica et albopapuloidea (Pasini) JAAD 16:891-893, 1987 Fox-Fordyce disease Rook p.2002, 1998, Sixth Edition Frictional lichenoid dermatitis of childhood AD 130:105-110, 1994 Generalized perforating granuloma annulare JAAD 27:319-322, 1992 Hyperkeratosis lenticularis perstans (Flegel’s disease) JAAD 27:812-816, 1992 Kikuchi’s disease – histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis JAAD 30:504-506, 1994 Lichen nitidus Papular elastorrhexis Dermatology 205:198-200, 2002; Clin Exp Dermatol 27:454-457, 2002; JAAD 19:409-414, 1988; AD 123:433-434, 1987 Perianal pyramidal protrusion – manifestation of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus AD 134:1118-1120, 1998 Waxy keratoses of childhood Ped Derm 18:415-416, 2001 White fibrous papulosis of the neck JAAD 20:1073-1077, 1989

Basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome – multiple skin-colored, red, and hyperpigmented papules of the face, neck chest, back, proximal extremities, and eyelids; syndrome includes milia-like cysts, comedones, sparse scalp hair, palmar pits, and parallel bands of papules of the neck (zebra stripes) JAAD 43:189-206, 2000

Beare-Stevenson syndrome – skin tags, cutis gyrata (furrowed skin), corrugated forehead, acanthosis nigricans, macular hyperpigmentation of antecubital and popliteal fossae, hypertelorism, swollen lips, swollen fingers, prominent eyes, ear anomalies, and umbilical herniation Ped Derm 20:358-360, 2003 Blau syndrome (familial juvenile systemic granulomatosis) – translucent skin-colored papules of trunk and extremities with uveitis, synovitis, arthritis Clin Exp Dermatol 21:445-448, 1996 Brown-Crounse syndrome – 1-2-mm papules, plaques, and nodules, diffuse hypotrichosis resembling alopecia areata, basaloid follicular hamartomas, trichoepitheliomas, myasthenia gravis AD 99:478-493, 1969 Buschke-Ollendorf syndrome (dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata) – disseminated connective tissue nevi Carney complex (NAME/LAMB) – myxomas Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis – macules and papules with fever Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.438, 2001 Gardner’s syndrome – pilomatrixomas Ped Derm 12:331-335, 1995 Giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman’s syndrome) JAAD 26:105-109, 1992 Granulomatous synovitis, uveitis and cranial neuropathies – JABS syndrome Hereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis AD 124:1225-1229, 1988 Hunter’s syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IIb) – X-linked recessive; MPS type II; iduronate-2 sulfatase deficiency; lysosomal accumulation of heparin sulfate and dermatan sulfate; linear and reticulated 2-10-mm skin-colored papules over and between scapulae, chest, neck, arms; also posterior axillary lines, upper arms, forearms, chest, outer thighs; rough thickened skin, coarse scalp hair, and hirsutism; short stature, full lips, coarse facies with frontal bossing, hypertelorism, and thick tongue (macroglossia); dysostosis multiplex; hunched shoulders and characteristic posturing; widely spaced teeth, dolichocephaly, deafness, retinal degeneration, inguinal and umbilical hernias hepatosplenomegaly; upper and lower respiratory infections due to laryngeal or tracheal stenosis; mental retardation; deafness; retinal degeneration and corneal clouding; umbilical and inguinal hernias; valvular and ischemic heart disease with thickened heart valves lead to congestive heart failure; clear corneas (unlike Hurler’s syndrome), progressive neurodegeneration, communicating hydrocephalus; adenotonsillar hypertrophy, otitis media, obstructive sleep apnea, diarrhea Ped Derm 21:679-681, 2004; Clin Exp Dermatol 24:179-182, 1999; Ped Derm 7:150-152, 1990 Hurler-Scheie syndrome – deficient α-L-iduronidase JAAD 35:868-870, 1996 Infantile systemic hyalinosis – pearly papules Ped Derm 11:52-60, 1994; Ped Derm 9:255-258, 1992 Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (systemic hyalinosis) – translucent papules or nodules of scalp, face, neck, trunk, gingival hypertrophy, flexion contractures of large and small joints; small papules of trunk, chin, ears, around nose Ped Derm 18:400-402, 2001; Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.395, 2001; JAAD 16:881-883, 1987 Mucolipidoses (pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy) – connective tissue nevus BJD 130:528-533, 1994 Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN I) – collagenomas AD 133:853-857, 1997 Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome (MEN II) – conjunctival papules AD 139:1647-1652, 2003

Niemann-Pick disease – autosomal recessive; sphingomyelinase deficiency; papular lesions BJD 131:895-897, 1994 Phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica – coexistence of an organoid nevus and a popular speckled lentiginous nevus Skin and Allergy News, page 34, Sept 2000 POEMS syndrome (Takatsuki syndrome, Crowe-Fukase syndrome) – generalized histiocytomas; osteosclerotic bone lesions, peripheral polyneuropathy, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism JAAD 21:1061-1068, 1989, Cutis 61:329-334, 1998 Progressive nodular histiocytosis AD 114:1505-1508, 1978 Proteus syndrome – lipomas, connective tissue nevi, lymphatic malformations AD 140:947-953, 2004; AD 125:1109-1114, 1989 Raspberry-like papillomas on lips, perineum, fingers, toes, buccal mucosa and esophagus Cutis 53:309-312, 1994 Reflex sympathetic dystrophy AD 127:1541-1544, 1991 Rombo syndrome – papules and cysts of the face and trunk, basal cell carcinomas, vermiculate atrophoderma, milia, hypotrichosis, trichoepitheliomas, peripheral vasodilatation with cyanosis JAAD 39:853-857, 1998; Acta DV 61:497-503, 1981 Tuberous sclerosis – collagenomas

Dermabrasion with osteoma cutis Rook p.2370, 1998, Sixth Edition Radiation therapy – keratotic miliaria following radiotherapy AD 124:855-856, 1988 Scar

Acute dioxin exposure JAAD 19:812-819, 1989 Toxic oil syndrome – cutaneous mucinosis JAAD 16:139-140, 1987

Takayasu’s arteritis – chest papules AD 123:796-800, 1987 Vascular malformation with underlying disappearing bone (Gorham-Stout disease) – skin-colored papulovesicles along a vein of the thigh; dilated veins of foot JAMA 289:1479-1480, 2003 Wegener’s granulomatosis (necrotic or non-necrotic) AD 130:861-867, 1994; JAAD 28:710-718, 1993

Allergic contact dermatitis Amicrobial pustulosis associated with autoimmune disease treated with zinc BJD 143:1306-1310, 2000 Graft vs. host disease, chronic JAAD 38:369-392, 1998; annular scaly papules of epithelioid granulomas BJD 149:898-899, 2003 Lupus erythematosus – systemic BJD 135:355-362, 1996; annular, discoid, neonatal, psoriasiform; subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus AD 141:911-912, 2005; Med Clin North Am 73:1073-1090, 1989; JAAD 19:1957-1062, 1988

Anti-seizure medications – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-like drug rash to phenytoin or carbamazepine JAAD 24:216-220, 1991; AD 121:1181-1182, 1985 Beta blocker-induced psoriasiform eruption Int J Dermatol 27:619-627, 1988 Drug eruptions Lupus erythematosus – subacute cutaneous LE – annular scaly lesions in a photodistribution including the legs – terbinafine, thiazides, piroxicam, D-penicillamine, sulfonylureas, procainamide, oxyprenelol, chrysotherapy, griseofulvin, naproxen, spironolactone, diltiazem, cinnarizine, captopril, cilazapril, verapamil, nifedipine, interferon-β, ranitidine JAAD 44:925-931, 2001; Ann Intern Med 103:49-51, 1985; tiotropium bromide AD 141:911-912, 2005

Mudi-chood – due to oils applied to hair; papulosquamous eruption of nape of neck and upper back; begin as follicular pustules then brown-black papules with keratinous rim Int J Dermatol 31:396-397, 1992

Bejel – secondary Rook p.1256-1257, 1998, Sixth Edition Candidiasis Epidermodysplasia verruciformis Erythrasma – red to brown irregularly shaped and sharply marginated scaly patches of groin, axillae, intergluteal, submammary flexures, toe webs Rev Infect Dis 4:1220-1235, 1982 Hepatitis C infection – necrolytic acral erythema; red to hyperpigmented psoriasiform plaques with variable scale or erosions JAAD 53:247-251, 2005; Int J Derm 35:252-256, 1996 Histoplasmosis, disseminated HIV-1 infection JAAD 28:167-173, 1993 Lepromatous leprosy – brown hyperkeratotic plaques AD 125:1569-1574, 1989; pityriasis rosea-like JAAD 15:204-208, 1986; borderline tuberculoid leprosy; Rook p.1226,1232, 1998, Sixth Edition Parvovirus B19 – subacute cutaneous lupus-like annular scaling erythematous rash Hum Pathol 31:488-497, 2000 Pinta – generalized cutaneous phase – erythematosquamous eruption Rook p.1274, 1998, Sixth Edition; tertiary Cutis 51:425-430, 1993 Prototheca wickerhamii Am J Clin Path 77:485-493, 1982 Rubella congenital Ghatan p.107, 2002, Second Edition Scabies – crusted Syphilis – congenital Rook p.1254, 1998, Sixth Edition; secondary – morbilliform or papular (copper red) Rook p.1246-1247, 1998, Sixth Edition; J Clin Inf Dis 21:1361-1371, 1995; syphilis brephotrophica (not sexually transmitted) JAAD 38:638-639, 1998 Tinea corporis – Trichophyton rubrum, T. megninii, Epidermophyton floccosum Rook p.1302, 1998, Sixth Edition; Trichophyton verrucosum – extensive annular lesions of trunk and neck AD 94:35-37, 1966 Tinea versicolor Semin Dermatol 4:173-184, 1985

Toxoplasmosis – pityriasis lichenoides-like eruption Rook p.1422, 1998, Sixth Edition Viral exanthem Yaws

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Sarcoidosis

Biotinidase deficiency Hereditary LDH M-subunit deficiency AD 122:1420-1424, 1986 Kwashiorkor AD 140:521-524, 2004

Inflamed actinic keratoses due to systemic fluorouracil AD 130:1193, 1994 Kaposi’s sarcoma JAAD 28:371-395, 1993 Lymphoma – adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia JAAD 46:S137-141, 2002; CTCL; pityriasis lichenoides chronica-like lesions in CTCL BJD 142:347-352, 2000

Bazex syndrome Cutis 49:265-268, 1992 Paraneoplastic pemphigus JAAD 27:547-553, 1992; lichenoid dermatitis AD 136:652-656, 2000

Acanthosis nigricans JAAD 21:461-469, 1989 Asteatotic dermatitis Atopic dermatitis Axillary granular parakeratosis JAAD 24:541-544, 1991 Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis Digitate dermatosis Erythema annulare centrifugum Erythrokeratoderma variabilis AD 101:68-73, 1970 Ichthyosis Keratosis follicularis squamosa of Dohi – scaly 3-10-mm patches symmetrical on trunk and thighs with central brown follicular plugs; margins slightly detached BJD 150:603-605, 2004; Jpn J Dermatol 3:513-514, 1903 Keratosis lichenoides chronica JAAD 28:870-873, 1993 Lichen nitidus Lichen planus Malignant disseminated porokeratosis AD 123:1521-1526, 1987 Necrolytic acral erythema – serpiginous, verrucous plaques of dorsal aspects of hands, legs; associated with hepatitis C infection JAAD 50:S121-124, 2004; Int J Derm 35:252-256, 1996

Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji Parapsoriasis – digitate dermatosis, poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans; parapsoriasis en plaque Pityriasis lichenoides chronica The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.137, 2000; Caputo p.20, 2000; Rook p.1608, 2222, 1998, Sixth Edition; BJD 129:353-354, 1993; AD 119:378-380, 1983; AD Syphilol 50:359-374, 1899 Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta The Clinical Management of Itching; Parthenon; p.137, 2000 Pityriasis rosea JAAD 15:159-167, 1986 Pityriasis rubra pilaris JAAD 20:801-807, 1989 Progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma Dermatologica 164:133-141, 1982 Psoriasis Seborrheic dermatitis, including AIDS-associated seborrheic dermatitis BJD 111:603-607, 1984 Vitiligo – serpiginous papulosquamous variant of inflammatory vitiligo Dermatology 200:270-274, 2000

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis – pityriasis rosea-like appearance BJD 145:669-670, 2001; multiple lichenoid papules AD 138:649-654, 2002 Glucagonoma syndrome Papillon-Lefevre syndrome – psoriasiform plaques of elbows Ped Derm 6:222-225, 1989 Reiter’s disease

PAPULOVESICULAR DERMATITIS IN INFANTS Absent dermatoglyphics and transient facial milia (vesicles) JAAD 32:315-318, 1995 Behçet’s disease, neonatal Congenital candidiasis Congenital self-healing Langerhans cell histiocytosis JAAD 31:910-6, 1994 Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis Erythema toxicum neonatorum Herpes simplex infection Infantile acropustulosis Incontinentia pigmenti Listeria monocytogenes infection, perinatal Miliaria Transient neonatal pustular melanosis

PARANEOPLASTIC DERMATOSES Am J Med 99:662-671, 1995; JAAD 28:147-64, 1993 Acanthosis nigricans, malignant JAAD 25:361-365, 1991; lips and/or palatal cobblestoning AD 130:649-654, 1994 Acanthosis palmaris (tripe palms) J Clin Oncol 7:669-678, 1989; JAAD 16:217-219, 1987 Acquired ichthyosis

Paraneoplastic acral vascular syndrome – acral cyanosis and gangrene JAAD 47:47-52, 2002; AD 138:1296-1298, 2002; Br Med J iii:208-212, 1967; Robboy’s acral cyanosis – associated with gastric adenocarcinoma Rev Esp Enferm Apar Dig 74:562-564, 1988; myeloproliferative diseases – chronic myelogenous leukemia with leukostasis; Bolognia p.1947, 2003; AD 123:921-924, 1987 Acrochordons Alopecia – brain tumors of mid-brain and brainstem Arch Dermatol Syphilol 176:196-199, 1937 Amyloidosis, primary systemic Angioedema – chronic lymphocytic leukemia Ghatan p.122, 2002, Second Edition; acute lymphoblastic leukemia with eosinophilia Ped Derm 20:502-505, 2003; myeloma Ghatan Second Edition Angiomas, eruptive Annular erythema, paraneoplastic – perigenital dermatitis Arsenic – dyschromatosis with diffuse pigmentation, especially of trunk; with depigmentation yielding rain-drop appearance Rook p.1785, 1998, Sixth Edition Arthropod bite reactions, exaggerated – associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia Bolognia p.1947, 2003 Bazex syndrome (acrokeratosis paraneoplastica) – dermatitis of hands, feet, nose, ears JAAD 40:822-825, 1999; J Laryg Otol 110:899-900, 1996; Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphilol 72:182, 1965 Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome Bloom’s syndrome Bowen’s disease Bullous pemphigoid Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum Cachectic state associated with neoplasms Rook p.1781, 1998, Sixth Edition Carcinoid syndrome – blue cyanotic nose and face Acta DV (Stockh) 41:264-276, 1961; appendix, ileum, ovary, bronchus Clubbing Coagulopathies Cowden’s syndrome Cronkhite-Canada syndrome Cryoglubulinema Cushing’s syndrome Cutis laxa – acquired cutis laxa Bolognia p.1528, 2003 Cutis verticis gyrata AD 125:434-435, 1989 Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis – associated with malignant histiocytic syndromes AD 121:910-913, 1985 Deep venous thrombosis Dermatitis – adult-onset recalcitrant eczema – marker of non-cutaneous lymphoma or leukemia JAAD 43:207-210, 2000 Dermatitis herpetiformis Dermatomyositis Digital ischemia Br Med J iii:208-212, 1967 Dyschromatosis – arsenic – diffuse pigmentation, especially of trunk; with depigmentation yielding rain-drop appearance Rook p.1785, 1998, Sixth Edition Dyskeratosis congenita Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome – adenocarcinoma of the lung Arch Int Med 142:1387-1389, 1982; soft palate hyperpigmentation Oral Surg 41:726-733, 1976 Eosinophilic dermatosis of myeloproliferative disease – face, scalp; scaly red nodules; trunk – red nodules; extremities – red nodules and hemorrhagic papules AD 137:1378-1380, 2001

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita Erythema annulare centrifugum Erythema elevatum diutinum – associated with hairy cell leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia Bolognia p.1947, 2003 Erythema gyratum repens – seen with malignancy, benign breast hypertrophy, CREST syndrome, ichthyosis, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis Rook p.2090, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 111:227-229, 1975 Erythema multiforme Erythema nodosum associated with acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia Bolognia p.1947, 2003 Erythrodermas – esophageal carcinoma JAAD 13:311, 1985; Fallopian tube carcinoma Obstet Gynecol 71:1045-1047, 1988; gastric carcinoma Am J Gastroenterol 79:921-923, 1984; lymphoma – Hodgkin’s disease JAAD 49:772-773, 2003; others Erythromelalgia Extramammary Paget’s disease Fanconi’s anema Florid cutaneous papillomatosis – related to acanthosis nigricans and sign of Leser-Trelat Rook p.2713, 1998 Folliculitis – sterile suppurative folliculitis associated with acute myelogenous leukemia BJD 146:904-907, 2002 Gardner’s syndrome Generalized eruptive histiocytosis associated with acute myelogenous leukemia JAAD 49:S233-236, 2003 Glucagonoma syndrome (necrolytic migratory erythema) JAAD 24:473-477, 1991 Granulomas annular scaly red and reticulated plaques due to cutaneous granulomas associated with systemic lymphoma JAAD 51:600-605, 2004 Hemochromatosis Herpes zoster Howel-Evans syndrome Hyperhidrosis, generalized Rook p.2718, 1998, Sixth Edition Hypertrichosis lanuginosa acquisita (malignant down) – in mild forms, confined to face – starts on nose and eyelids; lung, colon carcinomas most common; also breast, gall bladder, uterus, urinary bladder if accompanied by acanthosis nigricans, the malignancy is always an adenocarcinoma Can Med Assoc 118:1090-1096, 1978 Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy Ichthyosis, acquired – multiple myeloma AD Syphilol 72:506-522, 1955; carcinoma of breast, lung, cervix AD 111:1446-1447, 1975; Kaposi’s sarcoma Dermatologica 147:348-351, 1973; carcinoma of the breast, colon, lung, cervix, intestinal leiomyosarcoma JAAD 40:862-865, 1999; myeloma JAAD 40:862-865, 1999; leukemia JAAD 40:862-865, 1999; HTLV-1 (acute T-cell leukemia) (adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia) JAAD 49:979-1000, 2003; JAAD 46:S137-141, 2002; lymphoma – Hodgkin’s disease – ichthyosis vulgaris-like changes of legs or generalized (increased G-CSF levels) JAAD 49:772-773, 2003; Rook p.2393, 1998, Sixth Edition; Br Med J 1:763-764, 1955; non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, reticulolymphosarcoma, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) JAAD 34:887-889, 1996; B-cell lymphomas JAAD 40:862-865, 1999; CD30+ cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma JAAD 42:914-920, 2000; Tumori 85:71-74, 1999; metastatic male breast carcinoma – sclerodermoid ichthyosiform plaque of chest wall AD 139:1497-1502, 2003; polycythemia rubra vera JAAD 40:862-865, 1999; rhabdomyosarcoma JAAD 40:862-865, 1999; spindle cell sarcoma JAAD 40:862-865, 1999

Keratoacanthoma visceral carcinoma syndrome – cancers of the genitourinary tract AD 139:1363-1368, 2003; AD 120:123-124, 1984 Leser-Trelat – eruptive inflammatory seborrheic keratoses JAAD 21:50-55, 1989 Linear IgA with Hodgkins JAAD 19:1122-4, 1988 Lymphedema, unilateral Muir-Torre syndrome Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type II Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia AD 133:97-102, 1997 Neuroendocrine syndromes Neutrophilic dermatosis in chronic myelogenous leukemia JAAD 29:290-292, 1993 Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome Neurofibromatosis Normolipemic plane xanthomas Palmar filiform hyperkeratosis JAAD 33:337-340, 1995 Panniculitis – paraneoplastic septal panniculitis associated with acute myelogenous leukemia BJD 144:905-906, 2001; neutrophilic panniculitis associated with myelodysplastic syndrome JAAD 50:280-285, 2004; pancreatic panniculitis Paraneoplastic autoimmune multiorgan syndrome (paraneoplastic pemphigus) – arciform and polycyclic lesions AD 137:193-206, 2001 Paraneoplastic hyperkeratosis JAAD 31:157-190, 1994 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome Peutz-Jeghers-like mucocutaneous pigmentation – associated with breast and gynecologic carcinomas in women Medicine (Baltimore) 79:293-298, 2000 Pityriasis rotunda Cutis 58:406-408, 1996; AD 119:607-6098, 1983 Polyarteritis nodosa – associated with hairy cell leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia Bolognia p.1947, 2003 Porphyria cutanea tarda Primary immune deficiency disorders Pruritus Punctate keratoderma Lancet i:530-533, 1984 Scleroderma Br J Rheumatol 28:65-69, 1989 Pemphigus vulgaris Punctate PPK Raynaud’s phenomenon Scleroderma, paraneoplastic Scleromyxedema Superficial migratory thrombophlebitis Sweet’s syndrome Trousseau’s sign (migratory thrombophlebitis) Circulation 22:780, 1960 Urticaria, chronic Vasculitis – paraneoplastic vasculitis J Rheumatol 18:721-727, 1991; granulomatous vasculitis with lymphocytic lymphoma JAAD 14:492-501, 1986 Wells’ syndrome – associated with lung cancer BJD 145:678-679, 2001; anal squamous cell carcinoma Acta DV (Stockh) 66:213-219, 1986; nasopharyngeal carcinoma Ann DV 111:777-778, 1984 Werner’s syndrome

Xanthomas – diffuse plane xanthomatosis – flat yellow plaques of eyelids, neck, trunk, buttocks, flexures AD 93:639-646, 1966 Xerosis – generalized erythema craquele as a paraneoplastic phenomenon; lymphoma BJD 97:323-326, 1977; angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy AD 115:370, 1979; gastric carcinoma BJD 109:277-278, 1983; breast cancer BJD 110:246, 1984

PARAPROTEINEMIAS, CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS JAAD 20:206-11, 1989 Amyloidosis Angioedema (acquired inhibitor of complement deficiency) Cryogobulinemia (purpura, cold urticiaria) Erythema elevatum diutinum Hyperviscosity Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia Neutrophilic pustulosis Papular mucinosis Plasmacytomas POEMS syndrome Purpura (hyperviscosety, paraproteinemia, microangiopathy) Pyoderma gangrenosum Schnitzler’s syndrome Sneddon-Wilkinson disease Sweet’s syndrome Systemic capillary leak syndrome Vasculitis Vasculitis without cryoglobulins Waldenström’s hyperglobulinemic purpura Xanthomatosis – normolipemic plane xanthomas

Allergic contact dermatitis – latex J Eur Acad DV 14:504-506, 2000; acrylic Contact Dermatitis 44:117-119, 2001; thymol Cutis 43:531-532, 1989; acrylic nails Rook p.2867, 1998, Sixth Edition Antiepidermal growth factor receptor antibody C225 – acute paronychia BJD 144:1169-1176, 2001 Bullous pemphigoid Chronic granulomatous disease Ped Derm 21:646-651, 2004 Chronic granulomatous paronychia – pseudomegadactyly Dermatologica 169:86-87, 1984 Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.511, 2001 Dermatomyositis – periungual erythema, telangiectasia and ragged cuticles Rook p.2558, 1998, Sixth Edition DiGeorge’s syndrome Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.511, 2001 Lupus erythematosus – systemic LE; discoid lupus erythematosus Rook p.2444-2449, 1998, Sixth Edition; NEJM 269:1155-1161, 1963

Pemphigoid nodularis BJD 142:575-577, 2000 Pemphigus vulgaris Clin Exp Dermatol 21:315-317, 1996; JAAD 29:494-496, 1993; AD 126:1374-1375, 1990; hemorrhagic paronychia JAAD 43:529-535, 2000 Rheumatoid vasculitis – purpuric infarcts of paronychial areas (Bywater’s lesions) BJD 77:207-210, 1965 Scleroderma Rook p.2529, 1998, Sixth Edition

Acral dysesthesia syndrome Cutis 52:43-44, 1993 Capecitabine – pyogenic granuloma-like paronychial lesions BJD 147:1270-1272, 2002 Cetuximab (epidermal growth factor receptor antibody) JAAD 47:632-633, 2002 Docataxel – painful paronychia Cutis 71:229-232, 2003; Australas J Dermatol 42:293-296, 2002; Dermatology 198:288-290, 1999 Fixed drug eruption – acute paronychia BJD 125:592-595, 1991 Indinavir (protease inhibitors) – paronychia with or without pyogenic granulomas JAAD 46:284-293, 2002; Clin Inf Dis 32:140-143, 2001; BJD 142:1063-1064, 2000; indinavir/rotinavir combination Ann Pharmacother 35:881-884, 2001 Lamivudine Lancet 351 (9111):1256, 1998 Methotrexate AD 119:623-624, 1983 Retinoids, systemic – isotretinoin JAAD 10:677-678, 1984; acetretin Zidovudine JAAD 46:284-293, 2002; JAAD 40:322-324, 1999

Foods JAAD 27:706-710, 1992 Foreign body, hair – chronic paronychia Int J Dermatol 14:661-663, 1975

Accidental inoculation – orf, leishmaniasis Acute and chronic paronychia – Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae Bartonella henselae Lancet 350 (9084):1078, 1997 Candida and/or Pseudomonas – chronic paronychia Semin Dermatol 12:315-330, 1993; acute paronychia AD 129:786-787, 1993; chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis Clin Exp Dermatol 7:155-162, 1982; congenital candidiasis Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.226, 2001 Coliform organisms Rook p.2835, 1998, Sixth Edition Cowpox Curvularia lunata Mycopathologia 118:83-84, 1992 Eikenella corrodens – chronic paronychia in children Am J Surg 141:703-705, 1981 Erysipeloid Fusarium JAAD 47:659-666, 2002 Herpes simplex – herpetic whitlow Br Dent J 177:251-252, 1994; Am J Dis Child 137:861-863, 1983; Int J Dermatol 16:752-754, 1977; NEJM 283:804-805, 1970; AD 101:396-402, 1970 Mixed infections J Hand Surg (Am) 13:790, 1988 Mycobacterium marinum Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 32:343-346, 2000

Mycobacterium tuberculosis – tuberculous chancre AD 114:567-569, 1979; primary inoculation JAMA 245:1556-1557, 1981; prosector’s paronychia AD 114:567-569, 1978; Arch Surg 103:757-758, 1971 Myrmecia (deep warts) – tender periungual nodules AD 128:105-110, 1992 North American blastomycosis J Emerg Med 19:245-248, 2000 Onychomycosis Rook p.1313, 1998, Sixth Edition Orf Osteomyelitis of the fingertip Proteus vulgaris Rook p.2835, 1998, Sixth Edition Pseudomonas pyocyanea Rook p.2835, 1998, Sixth Edition Scopulariopsis Staphylococcus aureus – acute paronychia; adults and children Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.183, 2001; Am J Dis Child 137:361-364, 1983 Streptococcus Neonatal Dermatology, p.511, 2001; Rook p.2835, 1998, Sixth Edition Syphilis, primary Br J Vener Dis 59:167-171, 1983; secondary – chronic paronychia Khirurgiia (Mosk) 12:93-94, 1975; AD 105:458, 1972; congenital Rook p.1254, 1998, Sixth Edition Trichosporon beigelii Mykosen 28:601-606, 1985 Tularemia Tungiasis JAAD 26:513-515, 519-520, 1992 Veillonella – in neonates Clin Pediatr 11:690-692, 1972 Yaws – secondary (daughter yaws, pianomas, framboesiomas) – small papules which ulcerate, become crusted; resemble raspberries; periorificial (around mouth, nose, penis, anus, vulva); extend peripherally (circinate yaws); hyperkeratotic plantar plaques (crab yaws); periungual Rook p.1268-1271, 1998

Amyloidosis, primary systemic JAAD 42:339-342, 2000 Langerhans cell histiocytosis BJD 145:137-140, 2001; Rook p.2320, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 13:522-524, 1985

Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome Rook p.2084, 1998, Sixth Edition

Acrodermatitis enteropathica Ped Derm 19:426-431, 2002; Ped Derm 19:180-182, 2002; AD 116:562-564, 1980; Dermatologica 156:155-166, 1978; Lancet 1:676-677, 1973; acquired zinc deficiency – due to intestinal malabsorption; extensive burns, Crohn’s disease, sickle cell anemia, sprue, systemic malignancies, pancreatic insufficiency, renal tubular dysfunction, drugs, defect of mammary zinc secretion, blind loop syndrome, diets high in phytates and calcium Am J Dis Child 135:968-969, 1981; total parenteral nutrition Am J Clin Nutr 29:197-204, 1976; prematurity BJD 104:459-464, 1980 Celiac disease Ghatan p.83, 2002, Second Edition Hypoparathyroidism Ghatan p.83, 2002, Second Edition

Acral fibromyxoma – paronychial nodule JAAD 50:134-136, 2004 Basal cell carcinoma – chronic paronychia JAAD 37:791-793, 1997

Bowen’s disease AD 130:204-209, 1994 Eccrine spiradenoma – papule of proximal nail fold AD 140:1003-1008, 2004 Enchondroma Rook p.2847, 1998, Sixth Edition Kaposi’s sarcoma J Hand Surg (Am) 11:410-413, 1986 Keratoacanthoma, subungual – chronic paronychia Ann Plast Surg 34:84-87, 1995 Leukemia – red swollen nail folds in chronic lymphocytic leukemia Br J Haematol 112:1, 2001; Int J Dermatol 24:595-597, 1985 Melanoma Rook p.2853, 1998, Sixth Edition; Khirurgiia (Mosk) 9:150-151, 1990; Hand 9:49-51, 1977 Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma JAAD 31:259-263, 1994; bronchogenic carcinoma J Foot Ankle Surg 36:115-119, 1997; small cell lung cancer; breast cancer mimicking acute paronychia Am J Clin Oncol 16:86-91, 1993 Squamous cell carcinoma, subungual – chronic paronychia Eur J Dermatol 10:149-150, 2000; Cutis 36:189-191, 1985 Subungual exostosis – periungual papules

Bazex syndrome JAMA 248:2882-2884, 1982 Paraneoplastic pemphigus – erosive paronychia BJD 147:725-732, 2002

Acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau Clin Inf Dis 32:431,505, 2001; Dtsch Med Wochenschr 123:386-390, 1998 Alopecia mucinosa Clin Exp Dermatol 12:50-52, 1987 Dual toenails – chronic paronychia J Derm Surg Oncol 12:1328-1329, 1986 Dyshidrotic eczema Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional and dystrophic forms – paronychia at birth Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.507, 2001 Ingrown nails, including congenital ingrown nails Clin Pediatr (Phila) 21:424-426, 1982; Clin Pediatr 18:247-248, 1979 Keratoderma of Jadassohn and Lewandowski – congenital paronychia Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 76:411-412, 1969 Keratosis lichenoides chronica AD 120:1471-1474, 1984 Lichen planus Parakeratosis pustulosa – psoriasiform dermatitis of children; paronychial skin with thickening of nail edges BJD 79:527-532, 1967 Psoriasis and pustular psoriasis – subacute and chronic paronychia J Hand Surg (Br) 11:265-268, 1986; BJD 92:685-688, 1975

Factitial paronychia Rook p.2800-2802, 1998, Sixth Edition; J R Coll Physicians Lond 17:199-205, 1983

Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Clouston syndrome) Cutis 71-224-225, 2003 Apert’s syndrome Cutis 52:205-208, 1993 Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies – painless paronychyia JAAD 21:736-739, 1989

Hyper-IgE syndromes (Job’s, Buckley’s, Quie-Hill syndromes (allergic rhinitis)) Dermatol Therapy 18:176-183, 2005; Rook p.2748, 1998, Sixth Edition Incontinentia pigmenti – painful subungual tumors J Hand Surg (Br) 18:667-669, 1993; JAAD 13:913-918, 1985 Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis – coral beading around nail folds Rook p.2325-2326, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 126:251-252, 1990; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 65:721-725, 1988; Pathology 17:601-608, 1985; JAAD 11:713-723, 1984; AD 97:543-547, 1968 Olmsted syndrome – leukokeratosis of oral mucosa, periorificial keratotic plaques; congenital diffuse sharply marginated transgradient keratoderma of palms and soles, onychodystrophy, constriction of digits (ainhum), diffuse alopecia, thin nails, chronic paronychia, linear keratotic streaks, follicular keratosis, anhidrosis, small stature; differential diagnostic considerations include Clouston hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, pachyonychia congenita, acrodermatitis enteropathica, Vohwinkel’s keratoderma, mal de Meleda, and other palmoplantar keratodermas Ped Derm 20:323-326, 2003; AD 132:797-800, 1996; JAAD 10:600-610, 1984 Pachyonychia congenita JAAD 30:275-276, 1994 Reflex sympathetic dystrophy JAAD 29:865-868, 1993 Reiter’s disease BJD 102:480-482, 1980 Yellow nail syndrome BJD 76:153-157, 1964

Fractures of the terminal phalanx Arch Emerg Med 10:301-305, 1993 Harpists’ fingers – paronychia with calluses of the sides and tips of fingers with onycholysis and subungual hemorrhage Rook p.903, 1998, Sixth Edition Nailbiting Clin Pediatr (Phila) 29:690-692, 1990

Pyogenic granuloma Caputo p.64, 2000 Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease) – necrosis around nails Rook p.2233, 1998, Sixth Edition; Am J Med Sci 136:567-580, 1908

Adnexotropic T-cell lymphoma JAAD 38:493-497, 1998 Age-related asteatosis with pseudoparotomegaly Ascariasis – parotid enlargement, forehead edema Am J Clin Nutr 30:2117-2121, 1977 Bulimia Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 119:787-788, 1993; anorexia nervosa Clin Radiol 53:623, 1998; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 53:567-573, 1982 Chronic alcoholism Ariz Med 28:261-262, 1971 Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia JAAD 35:804-807, 1996 Cirrhosis Gastroenterology 96 (2 Pt 1):510-518, 1989 Cystic fibrosis Cytomegalovirus sialadenitis J Clin Inf Dis 22:1117-1118, 1996 Diabetes mellitus Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 52:594-598, 1981; JAMA 232:20, 1975

Diffuse follicular lymphoid hyperplasia Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome Ann Intern Med 112:3-10, 1990 Drugs

Catecholamines Chlorhexidine Dextropropoxyphene High-dose estrogen Iododerma – ‘iodine mumps’ JAAD 36:1014-1016, 1997 Methyldopa Nifedipine Am J Cardiol 61:874, 1988 Phenothiazines Phenylbutazone Sulfonamides Thiouracil

Foot and mouth disease Gout Arch Interam Rheumatol 8:272-278, 1965 Hyperlipidemia JAMA 211:2016, 1970 Kaposi’s sarcoma J Otolaryngol 20:243-246, 1991 Lipoid proteinosis – parotitis with parotid gland enlargement Ped Derm 14:22-25, 1997; Acta DV (Stockh) 53 (Suppl. 71):1-56, 1973 Lupus erythematosus – discoid LE; bilateral parotid gland enlargement Rook p.2452, 1998, Sixth Edition Lymphoepithelioid cysts (AIDS) JAMA 278:166-167, 1997; Pathologica 82:287-295, 1990; Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 23:1045-1050, 1992; Rheum Dis Clin North Am 17:99-115, 1991; Laryngoscope 98:772-775, 1988 Lymphoma Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 82:7-10, 1981; granulomatous slack skin Int J Dermatol 39:374-376, 2000 Malaria – nutritional consequence Am J Clin Nutr 30:2117-2121, 1977 Masseter muscle hypertrophy (pseudoparotomegaly) Dentomaxillofac Radiol 28:52-54, 1999 Mikulicz’s syndrome Rook p.3058, 1998, Sixth Edition Parana hard skin syndrome Parotitis

Actinomycosis Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 23:128-134, 1985 Adenovirus parotitis in AIDS – unilateral or bilateral Clin Inf Dis 19:1045-1048, 1994 Arachnia species Candida albicans Cat scratch disease Laryngorhinootologie 79:471-477, 2000 Coxsackie virus Cytomegalovirus Clin Inf Dis 22:1117-1118, 1996 Echo virus Eikenella corrodens Arch Otolaryngol 109:772-773, 1983 Epstein-Barr virus – recurrent parotitis Rook p.3122, 1998, Sixth Edition Fungal parotitis Hemophilus influenzae J Rheumatol 6:185-188, 1979 Influenza virus J Infect Dis 152:853, 1985 Leprosy Lymphadenitis (HIV) Laryngoscope 99 (6 Pt 1):590-595, 1989 Measles Mund Kiefer Gesichtchir 4:249-252, 2000 Mumps Am J Dis Child 132:678-680, 1978 Mycobacterium avium, and others Am J Otolaryngol 16:428-432, 1995 Mycobacterium tuberculosis Br J Oral Maxillofac Aurg 39:320-323, 2001 Parainfluenza virus South Med J 88:230-231, 1995 Suppurative, preterminal bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus) NEJM 345:662 Torulopsis glabrata J Clin Inf Dis 21:1342-1343, 1995

Treponema pallidum Br J Vener Dis 60:121-122, 1984 Tularemia

Pellagra Pneumoparotitis J Laryngol Otol 106:178-179, 1992 Sarcoid (Heerfordt’s syndrome, bilateral parotomegaly, bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis) Rook p.2685, 1998, Sixth Edition; Nuklearmedizin 34:47-49, 1995; Proc R Soc Med 68:651-652, 1975; Van Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 70:254-265, 1909 Salivary tumors – bilateral primary salivary tumor (5% of pleomorphic adenomata) Scleredema of Buschke Am J Med 9:707-713, 1950 Selective IgA deficiency Rook p.3120, 1998, Sixth Edition Sialectasis Dentomaxillofac Radiol 22:159-160, 1993 Sialolithiasis Am J Dent 13:342-343, 2000 Sialosis Rook p.3058, 1998, Sixth Edition Sjögren’s syndrome – parotitis Ped Dent 23:140-142, 2001; Eur J Pediatr 148:414-416, 1989; Radiology 169:749-751, 1988 Tumor infiltration (lung) Vomiting South Med J 74:251, 1981 Vinyl chloride disease Br Med J 291:1094, 1985 Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 67:689-693, 1989

Actinomycosis Rook p.3058, 1998, Sixth Edition Adenovirus parotitis of AIDS Clin Inf Dis 19:1045-1048, 1994 Bacterial sialadenitis Rook p.3058, 1998, Sixth Edition Calculus – with duct obstruction Cysts

Adenolymphoma Branchial clefts no. 1 and 2 Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 124:291-295, 1998 Dermoid Diagnostic Cytopathol 20:387-388, 1999 Hamartoma Br J Radiol 55:182-188, 1982 Mucoepidermoid Histopathol 33:379-386, 1998 Pleomorphic adenoma J Otolaryngol 30:361-365, 2001

Facial nerve neuroma Kaposi’s sarcoma – AIDS Am Surg 64:259-260, 1998 Lymphoepithelioid cysts (HIV) Lymphoma J Laryngol Otol 90:381-392, 1976 Leprosy Lipomata Dentomaxillofac Radiol 30:235-238, 2001 Pierced-ear lymphadenitis Primary tumor

Benign (most to least frequent in parotid) Oxyphil adenoma HNO 49:109-117, 2001 Pleomorphic adenoma Acta Cytol 45:1008-1010, 2001 Warthin’s tumor (adenolymphoma) Eur Radiol 11:2472-2478, 2001; Ann Ital Chir 67:537-547, 1996

Primary tumor Malignant (most to least frequent in parotid)

Acinic cell HNO Oct 2001; p.49 Adenocarcinoma J Exp Clin Cancer Res 20:189-194, 2001 Adenocystic carcinoma Hinyokika Kiyo 47:785-787, 2001 Kaposi’s sarcoma Metastatic Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Am J Surg Pathol 25:835-845, 2001 Oncocytoma J Laryngol Otol 115:57-59, 2001

Primary lymphoma Leuk Lymphoma 26:49-56, 1997 Squamous cell carcinoma Aust NZ J Surg 71:345-348, 2001

Rhabdomyosarcoma – parotid gland mass Cancer 84:245-251, 1998 Suppurative parotitis (abscess)

Salmonella parotitis J Clin Inf Dis 24:1009-1010, 1997 Temporal artery aneurysm Tuberculosis Tularemia Wegener’s granulomatosis Am J Med 85 (5):741-742, 1988

Allergic contact dermatitis Systemic lupus erythematosus

Cyclosporine-induced folliculodystrophy – small spicules of vellus hair emanating from follicular papules of face JAAD 50:310-315, 2004 Pustular drug eruption

Contact dermatitis – irritant Airborne ragweed dermatitis Residual zinc oxide ointment

Actinomycosis (actinomycetoma) – yellow, white, or red granules Cutis 60:191-193, 1997 Black piedra Dermatophytosis, generalized Eumycetoma – black, white or brown granules Cutis 60:191-193, 1997 Exfoliation following viral exanthem, drug eruption, scarlet fever, Kawasaki’s disease Maggots Pediculosis – pubic (nits (pubic hair, eyelashes)), head and body lice Scabies, crusted AD 124:121-126, 1988 Trichomycosis axillaris White piedra

Crohn’s disease Dysglobulinemia Hypovitaminosis A Methylmalonic acidemia, cobalamin C type – desquamation AD 133:1563-1566, 1997 Miliaria crystallina Monoclonal gammopathy – spicules JAAD 33:346-351, 1995

Phrynoderma AD 120:919-921, 1984 Porphyria cutanea tarda – calcinosis cutis of scalp Uremic frost Urostomy site – encrustations of crystals of phosphates and uric acid Rook p.930, 1998, Sixth Edition

Lymphoma Multiple myeloma with cryoglobulinemia – follicular hyperkeratotic spicules AD 126:509-513, 1990; JAAD 32:834-839, 1995 Nevus corniculatus JAAD 31;157-190, 1994 Perforating follicular hybrid cyst (pilomatrixoma and steatocystoma) of inner eyelid (tarsus) – chalky material JAAD 48:S33-34, 2003

Paraneoplastic hyperkeratosis JAAD 31:157-190, 1994

Photodermatitis of AIDS

Darier’s disease Epidermolysis bullosa superficialis resembling peeling skin syndrome AD 125:633-638, 1989 Hair casts Cutis 60:251-252, 1997 Ichthyosiform eruption Lichen nitidus, generalized Lichen spinulosis in AIDS JAAD 26:1013-1014, 1992 Multiple milia Multiple minute digitate hyperkeratosis BJD 142:1044-1046, 2000; JAAD 18:431-436, 1988; status-post radiotherapy Clin Exp Dermatol 11:646-649, 1986 Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) Rook p.2941, 1998, Sixth Edition Pityriasis rubra pilaris with follicular spines JAAD 23:526-527, 1990; spiny hyperkeratoses Tyring p.352, 2002 Pustular psoriasis Seborrheic dermatitis Spiny hyperkeratosis JAAD 31:157-190, 1994 Subcorneal pustular dermatosis Tinea amientacea Clin Exp Dermatol 2:137-144, 1977

Delusions of parasitosis – ‘infesting organisms’ brought to physician

Kawasaki’s disease Keratosis-ichthyosis-deafness (KID) syndrome – spiny follicular plugs of nose Continual skin peeling syndrome AD 122:71-75, 1986; BJD 81:191-195, 1969; AD 121:545-546, 1985; Cutis 53:255-257, 1994

Radiation therapy – keratotic miliaria following radiotherapy AD 124:855-856, 1988

Accessory tragi Bronchogenic cyst with papilloma JAAD 11:367-371, 1984 Cervical tab Epulis – soft nodule of gingival margin Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.473, 2001 Human tail Curr Prob Dermatol 13:249-300, 2002; Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.125, 2001 Persistent vitelline duct and polyp – umbilical polyp Dermatologica 150:111-115, 1975 Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma – pedunculated papule associated with a midline cervical cleft AD 141:1161-1166, 2005 Vestigial tail Arch J Dis Child 104:72-73, 1962

Bacillary angiomatosis J Clin Inf Dis 21(Suppl 1):S99-102, 1995 Molluscum contagiosum in a soft fibroma Cutis 61:153-154, 1998 Pneumocystis, cutaneous Ann Intern Med 106:396-398, 1987; polyps within external auditory canal Am J Med 85:250-252, 1988 Rhinosporidiosis (Rhinosporidium seeberi ) Schistosomiasis – perianal polyps Verruga peruana (Bartonella bacilliformis) – Oroya fever; red papules in crops become nodular, hemangiomatous or pedunculated; face, neck, extremities, mucosal lesions Ann Rev Microbiol 35:325-338, 1981 Verrucae vulgaris Rook p.1037, 1998, Sixth Edition

Juvenile xanthogranuloma Dis Chest 50:325-329, 1966 Langerhans cell histiocytosis – polypoid involvement of external auditory canal Rook p.2320, 1998, Sixth Edition; Curr Prob Derm VI Jan/Feb 1994; Clin Exp Derm 11:183-187, 1986; JAAD 13:481-496, 1985 Verruciform xanthoma AD 138:689-694, 2002; verruciform xanthoma of scrotum – pedunculated red or yellow cauliflower-like appearance BJD 150:161-163, 2004; J Dermatol 16:397-401, 1989 Xanthoma disseminatum (Montgomery’s syndrome) – red-yellow-brown skin tag-like papules of axilla Rook p.2332, 1998, Sixth Edition

Fibrous umbilical polyp – fasciitis-like proliferation; early childhood; male predominance Am J Surg Pathol 25:1438-1442, 2001

Calcinosis cutis – scrotal calcinosis, polypoid South Med J 89:896-897, 1996; subepidermal calcified nodule Ped Derm 18:238-240, 2001 Crohn’s disease – perianal polypoid lesions Int J Dermatol 39:616-618, 2000; JAAD 36:697-704, 1997

Acquired digital fibrokeratoma Rook p.2348, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 124:1559-1564, 1988; JAAD 12:816-821, 1985 Acrochordon (skin tag) Rook p.1661, 1998, Sixth Edition Adnexal polyp, neonatal – firm, pink, polyp, 1-mm; near nipple; resolve in few days BJD 92:659-662, 1975 Aggressive angiomyxoma – vulvar, perineal, pelvic, scrotal polypoid masses JAAD 38:143-175, 1998 Apocrine acrosyringeal keratosis arising in syringocystadenoma papilliferum BJD 142:543-547, 2000 Apocrine gland carcinoma Am J Med 115:677-679, 2003 Atypical polypoid dermatofibroma JAAD 24:561-565, 1991 Basal cell carcinomas – skin tag-like lesions in children with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome JAAD 47:792-794, 2002; JAAD 44:789-794, 2001; giant polypoid basal cell carcinoma Cutis 58:289-292, 1996 Basaloid tumors Clear cell acanthoma Am J Dermatopathol 12:393-395, 1990 Cutaneous hamartoma of adnexa and mesenchyma – skin tag-like papule Ped Derm 16:65-67, 1999 Cylindroma Am J Dermatopathol 17:260-265, 1995 Dermal dendrocytic hamartoma – pedunculated red nodule with stubby hairs JAAD 32:318-321, 1995 Dermatofibroma JAAD 30:714-718, 1994; pseudosarcomatous dermatofibroma AD 88:276-280, 1963 Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans JAAD 49:1139-1141, 2003 Eccrine nevus – perianal skin tag AD 141:515-520, 2005; JAAD 51:301-304, 2004 Eccrine porocarcinoma JAAD 49:S252-254, 2003; JAAD 35:860-864, 1996; AD 131:211-216, 1995 Eccrine poroma AD 135:463-468, 1999; blue-black pedunculated tumor of chin BJD 152:1070-1072, 2005 Epidermal nevus Epidermoid cyst Fibroepithelial polyp of gingiva (epulides) Periodontics 6:277-299, 1986 Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus – skin-colored or red pedunculated nodule of trunk, groin, or thigh Ghatan p.308, 2002, Second Edition Fibroma, oral Rook p.3111, 1998, Sixth Edition Fibrosarcoma/spindle cell sarcoma Rook p.2352, 1998, Sixth Edition Fibrous hamartoma of infancy – skin tag-like papule Ped Derm 16:65-67, 1999 Follicular hamartoma with trichofolliculoma-like tumor with multiple trichogenic tumors J Dermatol 18:465-471, 1991 Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma – skin tag-like papule Ped Derm 16:65-67, 1999 Giant folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma – skin colored exophytic papules AD 141:1035-1040, 2005; Am J Dermatopathol 13:213-220, 1991

Granular cell tumor (granular cell myoblastoma), including granular cell tumor of the gingiva (congenital epulis) Cutis 75:21,23-24, 2005; Ped Derm 15:318-320, 1998 Hair follicle nevus (hair follicle hamartoma) – pedunculated papule Cutis 32:79-82, 1983 Kaposi’s sarcoma AD 141:1311-1316, 2005 Leiomyoma of scrotum Urology 39:376-379, 1992; congenital leiomyoma of the heel Ped Derm 3:158-160, 1986 Leiomyosarcoma – blue-black; also red, brown, yellow or hypopigmented JAAD 46:477-490, 2002; J D Surg Oncol 9:283-287, 1983 Lipofibroma J Dermatol 27:288-290, 2000; JAAD 31:235-240, 1994 Median raphe cyst of the perineum – perianal polyp Pathol 28:201-202, 1996 Melanocytic nevus – compound nevi; congenital dermal melanocytic nevus JAAD 49:732-735, 2003 Melanoma Derm Surg 26:127-129, 2002; Mayo Clin Proc 72:273-279, 1997; J Dermatol 22:527-529, 1995; Ann Plast Surg 5:432-435, 1980; Surg Gynecol Obstet 106:586-594, 1958; amelanotic melanoma AD 138:1245-1250, 2002 Merkel cell carcinoma – eyelid papule Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.101, 1999 Metastases – renal cell carcinoma Rook p.2371, 1998, Sixth Edition; Cancer 19:162-168, 1966 Mucinous nevus BJD 148:1064-1066, 2003 Myxoma – solitary cutaneous myxoma JAAD 43:377-379, 2000 Nasal glioma J Postgrad Med 45:15-17, 1999 Neuroblastoma Dermatol Therapy 18:104-116, 2005 Neurofibromas – including plexiform neurofibroma; neurofibromatosis Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, Shields JA and Shields CL, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins p.97, 1999 Nevus lipomatosis superficialis – skin tag-like papule Ped Derm 16:65-67, 1999 Nevus sebaceus Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.409, 2001 Osteoma (osseous choristoma) of the tongue Br J Oral Surg 25:79-82, 1987 Pilomatrixoma – polypoid lesion Ped Derm 18:498-500, 2001; giant pilomatrixoma Ann Plast Surg 41:337-338, 1998 Plantar fibromatosis Caputo p.50, 2000 Porocarcinoma BJD 152:1051-1055, 2005 Poroma JAAD 44:48-52, 2001 Pseudosarcomatous polyp, cutaneous AD 139:93-98, 2003 Rhabdomyomas – skin tag-like papule Ped Derm 16:65-67, 1999 Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal harmartoma (striated muscle hamartoma) (congenital) – asssociated with Dellemann’s syndrome – multiple skin tag-like lesions of infancy Ped Derm 16:65-67, 1999; Ped Derm 15:274-276, 1998 Rhabdomyosarcoma Cutis 73:39-43, 2004 Sebaceous adenoma J Cutan Pathol 22:185-187, 1995 Seborrheic keratosis Rook p.1659-1660, 1998, Sixth Edition Soft fibroma Dermatology 199:167-168, 1999 Spitz nevus BJD 142:128-132, 2000; Great Cases from the South; AAD Meeting; March 2000 Squamous cell carcinoma – anal squamous cell carcinoma in situ – skin tag J Clin Inf Dis 21:603-607, 1995; squamous cell carcinoma Curr Probl Cancer 4:1-44, 1980 Syringocystadenoma papilliferum – pedunculated nodule of trunk, shoulders, axillae, or genitalia AD 140:1393-1398, 2004; AD 71:361-372, 1955

Trichoepithelioma JAAD 37:881-883, 1997; giant solitary trichoepithelioma AD 120:797-798, 1984 Undifferentiated sarcoma – giant pendulous cystic lesion of cheek Soc Ped Derm Annual Meeting, July 2005 Verrucous carcinoma of umbilicus AD 141:779-784, 2005

Florid cutaneous papillomatosis – related to acanthosis nigricans and sign of Leser-Trelat Rook p.2713, 1998

Ainhum NY State Med J 81:1779-1781, 1981; J Am Podiatr Assoc 61:44-54, 1971 Infantile perianal pyramidal protrusion (anomalous anal papillae) – polypoid or filiform projections at the anus Ped Derm 22:151-152, 2005; BJD 151:229, 2004; Ped Derm 19:15-18, 2002; J Pediatr 38:468-471, 1951 Kerinokeratosis papulosa (waxy keratoses of childhood) JAAD 50:S84-85, 2004; Clin Exp Dermatol 19:173-176, 1994 Rudimentary polydactyly BJD 66:402-408, 1954

Amnion rupture malformation sequence (amniotic band syndrome) – congenital ring constrictions and intrauterine amputations; secondary syndactyly, polydactyly; distal lymphedema JAAD 32:528-529, 1995; Am J Med Genet 42:470-479, 1992 Cutis 44:64-66, 1989 Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (macrocephaly and subcutaneous hamartomas) (lipomas and hemangiomas) – autosomal dominant; multiple skin tags JAAD 53:639-643, 2005; AD 132:1214-1218, 1996; AD 128:1378-1386, 1992; Eur J Ped 148:122-125, 1988; lipoangiomas (perigenital pigmented macules, macrocephaly) AD 128:1378-1386, 1992; lipomas in Ruvalcaba-Myhre-Smith syndrome Ped Derm 5:28-32, 1988 Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome – skin tags, localized redundant skin of scalp, forehead, face, neck, palms, and soles, acanthosis nigricans, craniofacial anomalies, anogenital anomalies, and large umbilical stump Am J Med Genet 44:82-89, 1992 Costello syndrome – warty papules around nose and mouth, legs, perianal skin; loose skin of neck, hands, and feet, thick, redundant palmoplantar surfaces, hypoplastic nails, short stature, craniofacial abnormalities Eur J Dermatol 11:453-457, 2001; Am J Med Genet 82:187-193, 1999; JAAD 32:904-907, 1995; Aust Paediat J 13:114-118, 1977 Delleman syndrome (oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome) J Med Genet 25:773-778, 1988 Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis – polypoid and papular lesions of scalp and face; alopecia, scalp nodules, skin-colored nodules, facial and eyelid papules – lipomas and lipofibromas; unilateral or bilateral skin-colored or yellow domed papules or nodules of scalp (hairless plaque), head, and neck; ipsilateral cranial and facial asymmetry, cranial and ocular abnormalities, spasticity, mental retardation JAAD 37:102-104, 1998; JAAD 32:387-389, 1995; Ped Derm 10:164-168, 1993; Arch Neurol 22:144-155, 1970 Epidermal nevus syndrome – papillomatous epidermal nevi; linear arrays of pigmented papillomas Curr Probl Pediatr 6:3-56, 1975; pedunculated eyelid papules JAAD 50:957-961, 2004 Familial idiopathic fibroepithelial skin tags

Generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome – autosomal dominant; milia, comedone-like lesions, dermatosis papulosa nigra, skin tag-like lesions, hypotrichosis, palmar pits JAAD 45:644-645, 2001 Goldenhar syndrome (oculo-auricular-vertebral spectrum) Syndromes of the Head and Neck, p.641-649, 1990 Infantile myofibromatosis – skin tag-like papule Australas J Dermatol 41:156-161, 2000; Ped Derm 16:65-67, 1999 Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis – pearly white papules of face and neck; larger papules and nodules around nose, behind ears, on fingertips, multiple subcutaneous nodules of scalp, trunk, and extremities, papillomatous perianal papules; joint contractures, skeletal lesions, gingival hyperplasia, stunted growth Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.444-445, 2001 Muir-Torre syndrome – sebaceous adenoma Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome – acrochordons as presenting sign JAAD 44:789-794, 2001 Treacher Collins syndrome – skin tags Am J Med Genet 27:359-372, 1987 Tuberous sclerosis – pedunculated fibromas of the neck and axillae JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; Rook p.386, 1998, Sixth Edition Trisomy 13 – aplasia cutis congenita of scalp with holoprosencephaly, eye anomalies, cleft lip and/or palate, polydactyly, port wine stain of forehead Am J Dis Child 112:502-517, 1966

Amputation neuroma AD 108:223-225, 1973

Hemangioma, proliferative Rook p.553, 1998, Sixth Edition Pyogenic granuloma Rook p.2354-2355, 1998, Sixth Edition; periumbilical Ped Derm 4:341-343, 1987

Allergic contact dermatitis – poison ivy, antifungals, condoms, benzocaine Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.41-43, 1998; Rook p.788, 1998, Sixth Edition Angioedema Dermatol Clin 3:85-95, 1985; JAAD 25:155-161, 1991 Bullous pemphigoid Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.69, 1998 Cicatricial pemphigoid JAAD 46:S128-129, 2002; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 88:56-68, 1999; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.70, 1998; Rook p.1874-1875, 1998, Sixth Edition; BJD 118:209-217, 1988; Oral Surg 54:656-662, 1982 IPEX syndrome – X-linked; immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy; mutation of FOXP3; nummular dermatitis, urticaria, scaly psoriasiform plaques of trunk and extrexities, penile rash, alopecia universalis, bullae AD 140:466-472, 2004 Lupus erythematosus – discoid Pemphigus vegetans – chronic balanitis J Urol 137:289-291, 1987

Pemphigus vulgaris – balanitis AD 137:756-758, 2001; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.67, 1998 Rheumatoid nodule – penile nodule Scleroderma AD Syphilol 183:493, 1943 Urticaria

Congenital os penis J Urol 91:663-664, 1964 Congenital sinus or cyst of genitoperineal raphe (mucous cysts of the penile skin) Cutis 34:495-496, 1984; AD 115:1084-1086, 1979 Dermoid cysts Dermatology 194:188-190, 1997 Double penis (diphallia) Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.96, 1998 Foreskin cysts Eichenfeld p.89, 2001 Median raphe cyst of the penis Am J Dermatopathol 23:320-324, 2001; Ped Derm 15:191-193, 1998; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.80, 1998; Cutis 34:495-496, 1984, JAAD 26:273-274, 1992; AD 115:1084-1086, 1979 True hermaphrodite Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.110, 1998 Urethral diverticulae Urethral retention cyst – white papule at urethral opening of males Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.483, 2001

Corticosteroid atrophy – striae, dusky erythema, increased visibility of vessels BJD 107:371-372, 1982 Coumarin necrosis Pharmacotherapy 8:351-354, 1988 Drug eruptions – bullous, morbilliform, fixed drug eruptions – red maculae, bullae Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.62, 1998; Cutis 45:242-244, 1990; Genitourin Med 62:56-58, 1986 Fixed drug eruption Foscarnet – erosions/ulceration Hydroxyurea – lichenoid eruption AD 140:877-882, 2004 PUVA macules

Airborne contact dermatitis – penile dermatitis due to sawdust exposure in carpenters and cabinet makers Rook p.760, 1998, Sixth Edition Condoms – chemical hypopigmentation Rook p.2295, 1998, Sixth Edition Diamond implants Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.94, 1998 Foreign body granuloma – penile nodule JAAD 49:924-929, 2003 Glass beads – penile nodules Br J Urol 47:463, 1975 High pressure injection injury – cellulitis BJD 115:379-381, 1986 Intracorporeal injection of vasoactive agents – fibrotic lesions J Urol 140:615-617, 1988 Irritant contact dermatitis Occupational leukoderma Rook p.3187, 1998, Sixth Edition Paraffinoma (sclerosing lipogranuloma) BJD 105:451-456, 1981; Arch Pathol Lab Med 101:321-326, 1977; mineral oil

paraffinoma resulting in penile enlargement JAAD 47:S251-253, 2002; JAAD 45:S222-224, 2001 Penile implant Penile ring Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.94, 1998 Tattoos Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.93, 1998

Abscess – edema of entire shaft of penis or nodule at base of penis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.20-21, 1998 African trypanosomiasis – penile edema Amebiasis – Entamoeba histolyticum – balanitis JAMA 120:827-828, 1942; vegetating plaque of genitalia, perineum, and anus Derm Clinics 17:151-185, 1999; Urology 48:151-154, 1996 Arthropod bites – persistent nodular arthropod bite reactions (pseudolymphoma syndrome) JAAD 38:877-905, 1998 Aspergillosis – red penis Ped Derm 19:439-444, 2002 Bacillary angiomatosis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.32-33, 1998 Black widow spider bite – priapism Cutis 69:257-258, 2002 Candidal balanitis JAAD 37:1-24, 1997; penile involvement Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.33, 1998 Cellulitis – edematous penis and/or scrotum Rook p.2290, 1998, Sixth Edition Chancroid Hum Pathol 27:1066-1070, 1996; phagedenic chancroid Chlamydia trachomatis – balanitis Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphyligr 82:419-422, 1975 Cryptococcosis – balanitis Infect Urol 3:101-107, 1990 Diphtheria Ghatan p.63, 2002, Second Edition Enterococcus – balanoposthitis Epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowazeki ) (body louse) – pink macules on sides of trunk, spreads centrifugally; flushed face with injected conjunctivae; then rash becomes deeper red, then purpuric; gangrene of finger, toes, genitalia, nose JAAD 2:359-373, 1980 Erysipelas – edematous penis and/or scrotum with or without necrosis; may result in chronic lymphedema Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.20-23, 1998; Rook p.2290, 1998, Sixth Edition Escherichia coli – balanoposthitis Filariasis – penile edema Fournier’s gangrene (necrotizing fasciitis) Furuncle Gardnerella vaginalis – anaerobic balanitis Br J Venerol Jis 58:243, 1982 Gonococcus – gonococcal nodule on one or both sides of frenum, abscess Cutis 36:161-163, 1985; pustule, furuncle, infected median raphe cyst in association with urethral gonococcal infection Br J Infect Dis 49:364-367, 1973; urethral gonorrhea – indurated nodule, penile edema Rook p.1140, 1998, Sixth Edition Granuloma inguinale – ulcers; penile edema JAAD 11:43-47, 1984 Haemophilus parainfluenzae – balanoposthitis JAAD 37:1-24, 1997

Herpes simplex virus infection Tyring p.78, 2002; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.15-18, 1998; Cutis 30:442-456, 1982; crusted and/or verrucous JAAD 37:1-24, 1997; mimicking leukemia cutis JAAD 21:367-371, 1989 Herpes zoster JAAD 147:S177-179, 2002; Tyring p.127, 2002; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.18-19, 1998 Histoplasmosis – balanitis J Urol 149:848-850, 1993 Klebsiella JAAD 37:1-24, 1997 Leishmaniasis BJD 139:111-113, 1998; J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 10:226-228, 1998; post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis – in India, hypopigmented macules; nodules develop after years; tongue, palate, genitalia Rook p.1370,1419-1420, 1998, Sixth Edition; E Afr Med J 63:365-371, 1986 Leprosy Lepr Rev 60:303-305, 1989 Lymphogranuloma venereum – papulovesicle Br J Vener Dis 49:193-202, 1973; inguinal adenitis with abscess formation and draining chronic sinus tracts; rectal syndrome in women with pelvic adenopathy, periproctitis with rectal stricture and fistulae; esthiomene – scarring and fistulae of the buttocks and thighs with elephantiasic lymphedema of the vulva; lymphatics may develop abscesses which drain and form ulcers Int J Dermatol 15:26-33, 1976 Molluscum contagiosum Tyring p.64, 2002; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.19-20, 1998; Rook p.3185, 1998, Sixth Edition Morganella – balanoposthitis JAAD 37:1-24, 1997 Mucormycosis – penile necrosis Clin Inf Dis 21:682-684, 1995 Mycobacterium kansasii – papulonecrotic tuberculid JAAD 36:497-499, 1997 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – nodule of glans Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.31-32, 1998; papulonecrotic tuberculid – dusky red crusted or ulcerated papules occur in crops on elbows, hands, feet, knees, legs; also ears, face, buttock, and penis; small ulcers Dermatologica 174:151-152, 1987; JAAD 12:1104-1106, 1985; with worm-eaten scarring Genitourin Med 64:130-132, 1988; primary tuberculosis of glans penis – periurethral red plaque JAAD 26:1002-1003, 1992 Pediculosis pubis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.39, 1998 Penicillium marneffei – balanitis Mycoses 34:245-249, 1991 Proteus – balanoposthitis JAAD 37:1-24, 1997 Pseudomonas sepsis – penile gangrene J Urol 124:431-432, 1980 Rhinosporidiosis – vascular nodules; may resemble condylomata Rook p.1360, 1998, Sixth Edition; Arch Otolaryngol 102:308-312, 1976 Scabies – burrows, papules and nodules Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.36-38, 1998; Dermatol Clinics 8:253-263, 1990 Schistosomiasis – penile edema; penile papules Ann DV 107:759-767, 1980; Br J Vener Dis 55:446-449, 1979 Sporotrichosis Ghatan p.63, 2002, Second Edition; vegetative plaque of penis AD 139:1647-1652, 2003 Staphylococcus aureus – balanoposthitis Br J Urol 63:196-197, 1989; bullous impetigo Streptococcal balanoposthitis – group B β-hemolytic streptococcus J Urol 135:1015, 1986; group B streptococcal infection – circumferential erosion AD 120:85-6, 1984; penile edema J Clin Inf Dis 24:516-517, 1997; group A β-hemolytic streptococcus Pediatrics 88:154-156, 1991

Syphilis – primary chancre Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.23-25, 1998; hard penile circumferential fold JAAD 26:700-703, 1992; secondary – papules Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.26, 1998; Rook p.1247, 1998, Sixth Edition Tinea corporis – JAAD 44:864-867, 2001; balanitis due to Trichophyton rubrum or T. mentagrophytes Dermatologica 178:112-124, 1989 Tinea versicolor Trop Geogr Med 46:184-185, 1994 Trichomonas – chancre or penile abscesses Ann DV 108:731-738, 1981; Bull Soc Gr Dermatol Syphiligr 76:345, 1969 Tumbu fly larva Verrucae (condyloma acuminatum) Tyring p.262-263, 2002; Genital Skin Disorders, Mosby p.11-14, 1998; subclinical balanitis due to HPV Genitourin Med 66:251-253, 1990; Acta DV 193:1-85, 1995 Yaws – secondary (daughter yaws, pianomas, framboesiomas) – small papules which ulcerate, become crusted; resemble raspberries; periorificial (around mouth, nose, penis, anus, vulva); extend peripherally (circinate yaws) Rook p.1268-1271, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 29:519-535, 1993

Amyloidosis J Urol 140:830-831, 1988 Eosinophilic granuloma Juvenile xanthogranuloma J Urol 150:456-457, 1993 Langerhans cell histiocytosis Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 81:1904-1907, 1990; chancre AD 123:1274-1275, 1987; eosinophilic granuloma Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 82:44-45, 1975 Plasma cell balanitis (Zoon’s balanitis) – red plaques Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.44-45, 1998; Dermatologica 105:1-7, 1952 Verrucous xanthoma Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.80, 1998; Urology 23:600-603, 1984; Arch Derm 117:516-518, 1981

Balanitis Amebic (Entamoeba histolytica) Med J Aust 5:114-117, 1964 Aphthae Balanoposthitis – red patches and plaques Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.40-41, 1998 Candida Int J STD AIDS 3:128-129, 1992; Clin Exp Dermatol 7:345-354, 1982 Chlamydial Br J Hosp Med 29:6-11, 1983 Circinate – Reiter’s Erythroplasia of Queyrat Fixed drug eruption Rook p.3190, 1998, Sixth Edition Gram-negative bacteria Rook p.3189, 1998, Sixth Edition Irritant; smegma, clothing, poor hygiene, detergent, water Rook p.3188, 1998, Sixth Edition Lichen sclerosus (balanitis xerotica obliterans) Mixed infection – fusospirallary, bacterial, yeast Rook p.3188, 1998, Sixth Edition Mycoplasma NEJM 302:1063-1067, 1980; Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphilol 82:419-422, 1975 Plasma cell balanitis (Zoon’s balanitis) J Urol 153:424-426, 1995; Genitourin Med 71:32-34, 1995; BJD 105:195-199, 1981 Porokeratosis of Mibelli Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.84, 1998; Cutis 35:77-79, 1985

Relapsing chronic balanitis Streptococcal Int J STD AIDS 3:128-129, 1992 Syphilitic balanitis (Follmann) Br J Vener Dis 51:138-140, 1975 Titanium Dermatologica 176:305-307, 1988 Traumatic – post-coital, zippers Rook p.3189, 1998, Sixth Edition Trichomonal Ann DV 108:731-738, 1981 Vincent’s organism Rook p.3189, 1998, Sixth Edition

Crohn’s disease Am J Dermatopathol 22:443-446, 2000; J Gastroenterol 32:817-821, 1997; Gut 27:329-333, 1986; edema of prepuce and scrotum JAAD:S182-183, 2003 Erythema multiforme – including Stevens-Johnson syndrome Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.65, 1998; Rook p.3183, 1998, Sixth Edition Hidradenitis suppurativa Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.58, 1998 Pyoderma gangrenosum Sarcoid J Cut Med Surg 4:202-204, 2000; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.59, 1998; JAAD 44:725-743, 2001; Urology 108:284-289, 1972 Toxic epidermal necrolysis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.66, 1998 Ulcerative colitis Int J STD AIDS 5:72-73, 1994

Anasarca Androgen excess – hyperpigmentation of areolae, axillae, external genitalia, perineum Ghatan p.165, 2002, Second Edition Calcinosis cutis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.61, 1998; idiopathic calcinosis cutis JAAD 51:s118-119, 2004; calcification of retained smegma Calciphylaxis – penile necrosis AD 136:259-264, 2000; J Urol 160:764-767, 1998; AD 131:63-68, 1995 Cardiac failure – penile edema Fabry’s disease – angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (α-galactosidase A) – X-linked recessive; of penis AD 140:1440-1446, 2004; JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.78-79, 1998; JAAD 17:883-887, 1987; NEJM 276:1163-1167, 1967 Fucosidosis – angiokeratomas BJD 136:594-597, 1997 Gout – tophus AD 134:499-504, 1998 Hypoproteinemia – penile edema Male pseudohermaphroditism – ambiguous genitalia Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.109, 1998 Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum – chronic balanitis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.60,1998 Dermatology 188:222-225, 1994 Pellagra Rook p.3187, 1998, Sixth Edition Renal failure – penile edema

Abdominal cancer – edema of penis due to pelvic or abdominal cancer Rook p.2290,2295 1998, Sixth Edition Angiosarcoma Urology 51:130-131, 1998; arising in Kaposi’s sarcoma in AIDS – vascular penile nodule JAAD 234:790-792, 1991; Cancer 15:1318-1324, 1981 Apocrine cystadenoma AD 113:1250-1251, 1977 Atypical penile melanotic macules AD 124:1267-1270, 1988

Basal cell carcinoma Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.81, 1998; JAAD 20;1094-1097, 1989 Benign penile lentigo JAAD 42:640-644, 2000 Blue nevus AD 139:1209-1214, 2003; epithelioid blue nevus BJD 145:496-501, 2001 Bowen’s disease Genital Skin Disorders, Mosby p.10, 1998; Rook p.1674-1675,3188, 1998, Sixth Edition Bowenoid papulosis – irregular red papules of glans penis mimicking warts, psoriasis, or lichen planus Tyring p.266, 2002; Genital Skin Disorders, Mosby p.15, 1998; papules AD 121:858-863, 1985; hyperpigmented papules Ped Derm 2:297-301, 1985; Proc R Soc Med 68:345-346, 1975 Cysts, calcified J Dermatol 20:114-117, 1993 Eccrine syringofibroadenomatosis – balanitis AD 130:933-934, 1994 Epidermal nevus Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.91, 1998; Rook p.3197, 1998, Sixth Edition Epidermoid cysts Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.75-76, 1998 Epithelioid sarcoma – penile nodule Erythroplasia of Queyrat JID 115:396-401, 2000; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.82, 1998; Urology 8:311-315, 1976; Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 22:378-382, 1911 Extramammary Paget’s disease – red to brown scaly plaques Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.84, 1998; JAAD 18:115-122, 1988 Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus Cutis 31:519-521, 1983 Fordyce spots (ectopic sebaceous glands) Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.59, 1998; of prepuce Acta DV 70:344-345, 1990; of glans penis Rook p.1982, 1998, Sixth Edition Glomus tumor Granular cell tumor Derm Surg 27:772-774, 2001 Hidrocystoma Rook p.1703, 1998, Sixth Edition Horns Urology 30:156-158, 1987; JAAD 13:369-373, 1985 Kaposi’s sarcoma – penile lymphedema preceding appearance of Kaposi’s sarcoma BJD 142:153-156, 2000; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.85, 1998; J Dermatol 26:240-243, 1999; J Med 27:211-220, 1996; JAAD 27:267-268, 1992; AD 102:461-462, 1970 Keloids Ann Plast Surg 39:662-665, 1997 Keratoacanthoma – ulcerated nodule JAAD 15:1079-1082, 1986 Leiomyoma Rook p.2367, 1998, Sixth Edition Leiomyosarcoma Cancer 29:481-483, 1972 Lentigines Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.73, 1998; JAAD 22:453-460, 1990; JAAD 20:567-570, 1989; in the presence of lichen sclerosus JAAD 50:690-694, 2004 Leukemia – ulcerative balanoposthitis of the foreskin Urology 56:669, 2000 Leukoplakia Lipoma Rook p.3182, 1998, Sixth Edition Lymphoma – B-cell, angiocentric T-cell lymphoma JAAD 26:31-38, 1992; cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.87, 1998; Hodgkin’s disease Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.86, 1998; primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder (CD8+/CD4+) JAAD 51:304-308, 2004 Malignant tumors of the penis JAAD 35:432-451, 1996; Urol Clin North Am 19:319-324, 1992

Primary tumors Soft tissue tumors

Angiosarcoma Clear cell sarcoma Epithelioid sarcoma Fibrosarcoma Hemangioendothelioma Hemangiopericytoma Kaposi’s sarcoma Leiomyosarcoma Malignant schwannoma Melanoma Urol Int 27:66-80, 1972; melanoma in situ JAAD 42:386-388, 2000 Myxofibrosarcoma Am J Surg Pathol 20:391-405, 1996 Rhabdomyosarcoma Undifferentiated sarcoma

Epithelial tumors In situ carcinomas

Bowen’s disease Bowenoid papulosis Erythroplasia of Queyrat Extramammary Paget’s disease

Invasive carcinomas Squamous cell carcinomas – preceded by erythroplasia, leukoplakia, or warty papule Am J Surg Pathol 24:505-512, 2000; Urol Int 62:238-244, 1999; Ann Oncol 8:1089-1098, 1997 Verrucous carcinoma – cutaneous horn AD 126:1208-1210, 1990; multinodular verrucous carcinoma JAAD 29:321-324, 1993 Melanoma Eur J Surg Oncol 23:277-279, 1997; J Urol 139:813-816, 1988; including desmoplastic melanoma – exophytic JAAD 16:619-620, 1987 Other tumors

Angiosarcoma Cancer 47:1318-1324, 1981 Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Ann DV 105:267-274, 1978 Leiomyosarcoma Cancer 132:992-994, 1984; Ann DV 105:267-274, 1978

Leukemic infiltrates Lymphomas Hinyokika Kiyo 43:371-374, 1997 Malignant hemangioendothelioma Rook p.3203, 1998, Sixth Edition Neural tumors (Schwannomas) Undifferentiated sarcoma Rook p.3203, 1998, Sixth Edition

Secondary tumors Metastases – nodules, often ulcerated J Urol 132:992-993, 1984; metastatic male breast carcinoma – penile plaque with ulceration JAAD 38:995-996, 1998; transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder J Natl Med Assoc 89:253-256, 1997; presenting as penile and scrotal edema JAAD 51:143-145, 2004; lung cancer South Med J 88:761-762, 1995; supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma J Urol 147:157-160, 1992; prostate AD 120:1604-1606, 1984; rectal cancer Br J Surg 62:77-79, 1975; metastatic gastric carcinoma – red swollen penis and scrotum BJD 144:419-420, 2001

Melanoma Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.88, 1998; Mayo Clin Proceed 72:362-366, 1997 Melanocytic nevus Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.74, 1998; Rook p.1722-1723, 1998, Sixth Edition; in the presence of lichen sclerosus JAAD 50:690-694, 2004; divided nevus BJD 143:1126-1127, 2000 Melanotic macule Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.73, 1998 Metastases Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.87, 1998 Mucoid cysts J Urol 115:397-400, 1976

Myofibroma – skin-colored to hyperpigmented nodules of hand, mouth, genitals, shoulders JAAD 46:477-490, 2002 Neurinoma of the glans Dermatologica 137:150-155, 1968 Neurofibroma Am J Med Genet 87:1-5, 1999 Neuroma – solitary (palisaded) encapsulated neuroma AD 140:1003-1008, 2004; BJD 142:1061-1062, 2000 Nevus comedonicus Acta DV (Stockh) 55:78-80, 1975 Nodular hidradenoma (apocrine hidrocystoma) Br J Urol 70:574-575, 1992 Paget’s disease Plast Reconstr Surg 100:336-339, 1997; Ann Plast Surg 23:141-146, 1989 Pearly penile papules (angiofibromas) Int STD AIDS 10:726-727, 1999; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.77, 1998; AD 93:56-59, 1966; AD 90:166-167, 1964 Peyronie’s disease – penile fibromatosis; thickened subcutaneous plaque JAAD 41:106-108, 1999; J Clin Epidemiol 51:511-515, 1998 Rook p.2047, 1998, Sixth Edition Pilonidal cyst Polyfibromatosis syndrome – Dupuytren’s contracture, knuckle pads, Peyronie’s disease, keloids, or plantar fibromatosis Rook p.2044, 1998, Sixth Edition; stimulation by phenytoin BJD 100:335-341, 1979 Porokeratosis of Mibelli BJD 144:643-644, 2001; Dermatology 196:256-259, 1998; JAAD 36:479-481, 1997; Clin Exp Dermatol 19:77-78, 1994 Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis Rhabdomyosarcoma Ghatan p.64, 2002, Second Edition Sebaceous hyperplasia Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.75, 1998; annular sebaceous hyperplasias of the penis JAAD 48:149-150, 2003 Seborrheic keratosis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.75-76, 1998; Urology 29:204-206, 1987 Squamous cell carcinoma – penile nodule Tyring p.268-269, 2002; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.83, 1998; Rook p.1689-1690, 1998, Sixth Edition; post PUVA Syringomas – flesh-colored papules Clin Exp Dermatol 18:384-385, 1993; AD 123:1391-1396, 1987; AD 103:215-217, 1971 Trichofolliculomas Dermatologica 181:68-70, 1990 Verruciform xanthoma J Urol (Paris) 93:41-42, 1987; AD 117:516-518, 1981 Verrucous acanthoma Verrucous carcinoma (giant condyloma of Buschke-Lowenstein) Tyring p.274, 2002; JAAD 32:1-21, 1995; AD 126:1208-1210, 1990; Int J Derm 18:608-622, 1979; JAAD 14:947-950, 1986

Atopic dermatitis Balanitis xerotica obliterans (lichen sclerosus of the glans) – non-bullous or bullous Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.56, 1998; World J Urol 18:382-387, 2000; AD 123:1391-1396, 1987; purpuric Ped Derm 10:129-131, 1993 Degos’ disease (malignant atrophic papulosis) – penile lesions not rare BJD 100:21-36, 1979; Ann Dermatol Venereol 79:410-417, 1954 Ectopic hair of the glans BJD 153:218-219, 2005 Elastosis perforans serpininosa BJU Int 91:427, 2003

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.91, 1998 Familial dyskeratotic comedones – shaft of penis BJD 140:956-959, 1999; Eur J Dermatol 9:491-492, 1999; Arch Derm Research 282:103-107, 1990; JAAD 17:808-814, 1987 Granuloma annulare Sex Transm Infect 75:186-187, 1999; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.60, 1998; J Cutan Pathol 17:101-104, 1997; Scand J Urol Nephrol 27:549-551, 1993; Genitourin Med 68:47-49, 1992 Hailey-Hailey disease Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.68, 1998 Lamellar ichthyosis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.90, 1998 Lichen aureus – expression of Zoon’s balanitis – purpuric eruption of the glans JAAD 21:805-806, 1989 Lichen nitidus Rook p.1926, 1998, Sixth Edition; Cutis 21:634-637, 1978; Urology 33:1-4, 1984 Lichen planus – papular, annular, erosive lesions Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.48, 1998; Rook p.3183-3184, 1998, Sixth Edition Lichen simplex chronicus Mucha-Habermann syndrome Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.53, 1998 Necrobiotic granulomas J Cutan Pathol 17:101-104, 1990 Oid-oid disease – exudative discoid and lichenoid dermatitis Rook p.3184, 1998, Sixth Edition Paraphimosis – penile edema Pityriasis rosea Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.52, 1998; JAAD 15:159-167,1986 Penile nodules AD 12:1604-1606, 1984 Piebaldism Pityriasis rosea – balanitis Pseudoepitheliomatous, keratotic, micaceous balanitis (verrucous carcinoma) JAAD 18:419-422, 1988; Cutis 35:77-79, 1985; Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 68:164-167, 1966 Psoriasis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.51, 1998; Rook p.3181, 1998, Sixth Edition Seborrheic dermatitis Vitiligo Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.72, 1998; JAAD 38:647-666, 1998

Factitial dermatitis Self-mutilation

Aarskog syndrome – hypoplastic penis Birth Defects 11:25-29, 1975 Ablepharon macrostomia – absent eyelids, ectropion, abnormal ears, rudimentary nipples, dry redundant skin, macrostomia, ambiguous genitalia Hum Genet 97:532-536, 1996 Anencephaly – hypoplastic penis Syndromes of the Head and Neck, p.565, 1990 Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (Ruvalcaba-MyhreSmith syndrome) (macrocephaly and subcutaneous hamartomas) (lipomas and hemangiomas) – autosomal dominant; hyperpigmented macules of glans and penile shaft, macrocephaly, hamartomatous intestinal polyps, lipid storage

myopathy JAAD 53:639-643, 2005; AD 132:1214-1218, 1996; AD 128:1378-1386, 1992; Ped Derm 5:28-32, 1988; Eur J Ped 148:122-125, 1988; lipoangiomas (perigenital pigmented macules, macrocephaly) AD 128:1378-1386, 1992 Behçet’s disease – balanitis JAAD 34:745-750, 1996; ulcerations Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome – hypoplastic penis Am J Med Genet 19:653-664, 1984 Carney complex Carpenter syndrome – hypoplastic penis Am J Med Genet 28:311-324, 1987 CHARGE syndrome – hypoplastic penis Syndromes of the Head and Neck, p.94, 1990 Chromosomal abnormalities – hypospadias NEJM 351;2319-2326, 2004 del (9p) syndrome – hypoplastic penis Pediatrics 73:670-675, 1984 del (18p) syndrome – hypoplastic penis Eur J Pediatr 123:59-66, 1976 Down’s syndrome – hypoplastic penis Femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome – hypoplastic penis J Med Genet 21:331-340, 1984 Floating-Harbor syndrome (unusual facies, short stature, hypoplastic penis) – hypoplastic penis Birth Defects 11:305-309, 1975 Glucagonoma syndrome – erythema of scrotum extending onto shaft of penis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.54, 1998 Hypereosinophilic syndrome – erosions JAMA 247:1018-1020, 1982 Johanson-Blizzard syndrome – hypoplastic penis J Med Genet 19:302-303, 1981 Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome – large penis Mt Sinai J Med 49:66-70, 1982 Laugier-Hunziker syndrome – genital maculaes J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 15:574-577, 2001; Clin Exp Derm 15:111-114, 1990 Lawrence-Seip syndrome (congenital generalized lipodystrophy) – lipoatrophic diabetes; enlarged penis AD 91:326-334, 1965 LEOPARD (Moynahan’s) syndrome – CALMs, granular cell myoblastomas, steatocystoma multiplex, small penis, hyperelastic skin, low-set ears, short webbed neck, short stature, syndactyly JAAD 46:161-183, 2002; JAAD 40:877-890, 1999; J Dermatol 25:341-343, 1998; Am J Med 60:447-456, 1976; Am J Med 60:447-456, 1976; AD 107:259-261, 1973 Leprechaunism (Donohue’s syndrome) – decreased subcutaneous tissue and muscle mass, characteristic facies, severe intrauterine growth retardation, broad nose, low-set ears, hypertrichosis of forehead and cheeks, loose folded skin at flexures, gyrate folds of skin of hands and feet; breasts, penis, clitoris hypertrophic Endocrinologie 26:205-209, 1988 Meckel syndrome – hypoplastic penis Birth Defects 18:145-160, 1982 Neurofibromatosis – enlarged penis Syndromes of the Head and Neck, p.393-399, 1990 Neu-Laxova syndrome – autosomal recessive; variable presentation; small genitalia; mild scaling to harlequin ichthyosis appearance; ichythosiform scaling, increased subcutaneous fat and atrophic musculature, generalized edema and mildly edematous feet and hands, absent nails; microcephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, limb contractures, low-set ears, sloping forehead, short neck; eyelid and lip closures, syndactyly,

cleft lip and palate, micrognathia; uniformly fatal Ped Derm 20:25-27,78-80, 2003; Curr Prob Derm 14:71-116, 2002; Clin Dysmorphol 6:323-328, 1997; Am J Med Genet 35:55-59, 1990 Noonan syndrome – hypoplastic penis J Med Genet 24:9-13, 1987 OpitzG/BBB syndrome (hypertelorism-hypospadias syndrome) – X-linked and autosomal dominant forms; hypospadias; hypertelorism, upward-slanting palpebral fissures with epicanthal folds; broad flat nasal bridge, cleft lip with or without cleft palate; cryptorchidism, bifid scrotum, failure to thrive due to laryngotracheal clefts NEJM 351;2319-2326, 2004 Pallister-Hall syndrome – hypoplastic penis Perlman syndrome – micropenis; nephroblastoma, renal hamartoma, facial dysmorphism, fetal gigantism J Pediatr 83:414-418, 1973 Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome – hyperpigmented macules Popliteal pterygium syndrome J Med Genet 36:888-892, 1999; Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 15:17-22, 1988 Prader-Willi syndrome – hypoplastic penis Growth Genet Hormones 2:1-5, 1986 Reiter’s syndrome – circinate balanitis; diffuse balanoposthitis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.51-52, 1998; Rook p.2767, 1998; Arthr Rheum 24:844-849, 1981; Semin Arthritis Rheum 3:253-286, 1974 Robert’s pseudothalidomide syndrome – enlarged penis Hum Genet 61:372-374, 1982 Robinow syndrome – hypoplastic penis J Med Genet 23:350-354, 1986 Rudiger syndrome – thick single palmar crease; somatic retardation, flexion contractures of hands, small fingers and nails, ureterovesical stenosis, micropenis, inguinal hernias, coarse facies, cleft soft palate J Pediatr 79:977-981, 1971 Russell-Silver syndrome – genital dysmorphia JAAD 40:877-890, 1999; J Med Genet 36:837-842, 1999 Sakati syndrome – hypoplastic penis J Pediatr 79:104-109, 1971 Short rib-polydacytyly syndromes – hypoplastic penis J Med Genet 22:46-53, 1985 Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome – autosomal recessive; hypospadias; failure to thrive, genital abnormalities in males, microcephaly, syndactyly of second and third toes, polydactyly; epicanthal folds, posteriorly rotated ears, ptosis, small pug nose, broad alveolar ridge, micrognathia; deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase NEJM 351;2319-2326, 2004; Am J Med Genet 66:378-398, 1996; Clin Pediatr 16:665-668, 1977 Triploidy syndromes – hypoplastic penis Clin Genet 9:43-50, 1976 49,XXXXY syndrome – hypoplastic penis Clin Genet 33:429-434, 1988

Chloracne Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.58, 1998

Compression therapy of legs – edema of penis and scrotum Rook p.2290, 1998, Sixth Edition Ecchymoses – tracking back along median raphe Br J Vener Dis 49:467-468, 1972 Hair coil strangulation (edema from accidentally wrapped hair around the penis) Cutis 31:431-432, 1983

Mechanical trauma Pediatr Emerg Care 14:95-98, 1998; Scand J Urol Nephrol 30:517-519, 1996 Penile fracture Br J Surg 67:680-681, 1980 Penile venereal edema AD 108:263, 1973 Rings Squeezing of glans penis – petechiae AD 112:121-122, 1976 Traumatic urethral diverticulae – compressible nodulocystic lesions of the penile shaft Br J Urol 37:560-568, 1969

Acquired phlebectasia of penis JAAD 13:824-826, 1985 Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy – purpura in cockade pattern of face, cheeks, eyelids, and ears; may form reticulate pattern; edema of penis and scrotum JAAD 23:347-350, 1990; necrotic lesions of the ears, urticarial lesions; oral petechiae JAAD 23:347-350, 1990; Ann Pediatr 22:599-606, 1975 Angiokeratoma of Fordyce Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.78, 1998; strawberry glans penis due to multiple angiokeratomas BJD 142:1256-1257, 2000 Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia – penile papule JAAD 37:887-920, 1997; Cancer 47:944-949, 1981 Arteriovenous malformation J Pediatr Surg 35:1130-1131, 2000 Dorsal vein thrombosis Elephantiasis nostras of penis AD 137:1095-1100, 2001 Epithelioid hemangioma Arch Pathol Lab Med 109:51-54, 1985 Glomus tumor Int J Urol 7:115-117, 2000; glans penis Derm Surg 21:895-899, 1995 Hemangioendothelioma Hemangioma Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.79, 1998; Urology 56:153, 2000; J Urol 141:593-594, 1989 Hemolymphangioma Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (Masson’s tumor) – blue subcutaneous nodule of penile shaft Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.78, 1998 Lymphangioma – lymphangioma circumscriptum Cutis 28:642-643, 1981; acquired lymphangioma J Dermatol 21:358-362, 1994 Lymphedema – due to penile strangulation J Dermatol 23:648-651, 1996; ambulatory peritoneal dialysis Surg Gynecol Obstet 170:306-308, 1990; amputation of limbs Diabetes Res Clin Pract 21:197-200, 1993; strangulation, thrombosis, acute necrotizing pancreatitis J Ultrasound Med 15:247-248, 1996; streptococcal disease Clin Inf Dis 24:516-517, 1997 Non-venereal sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.45, 1998; Urology 127:987-988, 1982; BJD 104:607-695, 1981; Clin Exp Dermatol 2:65-67, 1977; AD 105:728-729, 1972 Pyogenic granuloma Ped Derm 19:39-41, 2002; Sex Transm Infect 76:217, 2000; Sex Transm Infect 74:221-222, 1998 Retiform hemangioendothelioma JAAD 38:143-175, 1998 Spindle cell hemangioendotheliomas Cutis 62:23-26, 1998 Symmetric peripheral gangrene – penile necrosis and mummification Varix Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.77, 1998 Vascular malformation

Vasculitis – palpable purpura of shaft of penis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.55, 1998; Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Cicatricial pemphigoid J R Coll Surg Edinb 45:62-63, 2000; Rook p.1874-1875, 1998, Sixth Edition Lupus erythematosus Clin Rheumatol 12:405-409, 1993 Mixed connective tissue disease – orogenital ulcers Rook p.2545, 1998, Sixth Edition; Am J Med 52:148-159, 1972 Morphea Rook p.2504-2508, 1998, Sixth Edition Pemphigus vulgaris Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.67, 1998; Rook p.3187-3188, 1998, Sixth Edition

Noma neonatorum – deep ulcers with bone loss, mutilation of nose, lips, intraorally, anus, genitalia; Pseudomonas, malnutrition, immunodeficiency Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.149, 2001

Neurotrophic ulcer

Corticosteroid (topical) abuse Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.51, 1998 Drug eruption Fixed drug eruption Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.62, 1998; Genitourin Med 62:56-58, 1986 Foscarnet – ulcers and/or erosions Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.63, 1998; Int J Dermatol 32:519-520, 1993; JAAD 27:124-126, 1992 Papaverine – self-induced injections Urology 32:416-417, 1988

Dequalinium (quaternary ammonium antibacterial agent) – necrotizing ulcers of the penis Trans St John’s Hosp Dermatol Soc 51:46-48, 1965 Nitrogen mustard (chemical warfare) Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.43, 1998 Paraffinoma (sclerosing lipogranuloma) BJD 105:451-456, 1981; Arch Pathol Lab Med 101:321-326, 1977

Absidia corymbifera BJD 148:1286-1287, 2003 Actinomycosis AIDS – acute HIV infection AD 134:1279-1284, 1998; aphthous ulcer of AIDS

Amebiasis – Entameba histolytica Derm Clinics 17:151-185, 1999; Urology 48:151-154, 1996; rupture of prepuce and erosion of shaft Med J Aust 5:114-117, 1964 Anaerobic erosive balanitis – ulcerative balanoposthitis – anaerobes and non-treponemal spirochetes JAAD 37:1-24, 1997 Candida – eroded or fissured candidal balanitis Int J STD AIDS 3:128-129, 1992; Clin Exp Dermatol 7:345-354, 1982 Chancriform pyoderma (Staphylococcus aureus) – ulcer with indurated base; eyelid, near mouth, genital AD 87:736-739, 1963 Chancroid, including phagedenic chancroid (deformity and mutilation) – round or oval ragged undermined ulcer with satellite ulcers Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.29, 1998; Int J STD AIDS 8:585-588, 1997; JAAD 19:330-337, 1988 Cryptococcosis Infect Urol 3:101-107, 1990; Cryptococcus abidus – ulcer of glans penis BJD 143:632-634, 2000 Cytomegalovirus Ann Intern Med 119:1149, 1993 Fournier’s gangrene Postgrad Med J 70:568-571, 1994 Fusospirallary infections – deep ulcers with gangrene Rook p.3193, 1998, Sixth Edition Gonococcemia or gonococcal urethritis Br J Inf Dis 49:364-367, 1973; Br J Vener Dis 46:336-337, 1970; erosive balanitis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.27-28, 1998 Granuloma inguinale Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.31, 1998; JAAD 11:43-47, 1984; JAAD 37:494-496, 1997 Herpes simplex virus BJD 138:334-336, 1998; Br J Vener Dis 55:48-51, 1979 Herpes zoster Histoplasmosis – penile chancre Aust N Z J Med 20:175-176, 1990; J Urol 57:781-787, 1947 Infectious mononucleosis Tyring p.149, 2002; Can Med Assoc J 129:146-147, 1983 Leishmaniasis Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 17:813-814, 1998; AD 130:1311-1316, 1994; Curr Opin Inf Dis 3:420-426, 1990 Lymphogranuloma venereum JAAD 37:1-24, 1997 Mucormycosis Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Int J STD AIDS 9:56-57, 1998 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – tuberculosis cutis orificialis (acute tuberculous ulcer) – multiple, shallow, crusted ulcers Rook p.1193,3186, 3193, 1998, Sixth Edition; Ann DV 29:488-205, 1989; primary tuberculosis Australas J Dermatol 40:106-107, 1999; Urologica 34:171-175, 1973; primary TB of glans penis Tuber Lung Dis 75:319, 1994; papulonecrotic tuberculid Dermatologica 172:93-97, 1986; JAAD 12:1104-1106, 1985; lupus vulgaris Int J Dermatol 33:272-274, 1994 Mycoplasma hominis Sex Transm Dis 10:285-288, 1983 Myiasis – tumbu fly myiasis Necrotizing fasciitis – Bacteroides spp. in adults; streptococcal and staphylococcal in children Noma Penicillium marneffei Int J Derm 25:393-399, 1996; J Clin Inf Dis 23:125-130, 1996 Phagedenic ulcer Genitourin Med 70:218-221, 1994 Pseudomonas – ecthyma gangrenosum-like lesion J Urol 24:431-432, 1980 Scabies, with secondary infection Schistosomiasis

Streptococcal infection – group A beta-hemolytic South Med J 83:264, 1990; group B streptococcus – circumferential erosion AD 120:85-86, 1984 Syphilis, primary – chancre Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.23-25, 1998; Rook p.1241-1243, 1998, Sixth Edition; condyloma lata – fissured and eroded Rook p.3184, 1998, Sixth Edition; tertiary (gummas) Genitourin Med 65:1-3, 1989; reactivation of chancre in Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction Acta DV 76:91-92, 1996 Trichomonas Br J Med 284:859-860, 1983 Varicella/zoster Rook p.3193, 1998, Sixth Edition

Langerhans cell histiocytosis – chancre AD 123:1274-1275, 1987 Zoon’s balanitis (plasma cell balanitis) JAAD 37:1-24, 1997

Aphthosis Rook p.3190, 1998, Sixth Edition Balanoposthitis – ulcerative Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.41, 1998 Crohn’s disese Cutis 72:432-437, 2003; J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 13:224-226, 1999; J Urol 159:506-507, 1998; J Gastroenterol 32:817-821, 1997; Genitourin Med 71:45-46, 1995; Int J STD AIDS 5:230-231, 1994; Gut 27:329-333, 1986; J R Soc Med 77:966-967, 1984; Urology 15:596-598, 1980; Gut 11:18-26, 1970 Erosive balanoposthitis – due to poor hygiene Ghatan p.63, 2002, Second Edition Erythema multiforme Medicine 68:133-140, 1989; JAAD 8:763-765, 1983; Stevens-Johnson syndrome Rook p.3193, 1998, Sixth Edition Hidradenitis suppurativa Pyoderma gangrenosum AD 141:1175-1176, 2005; Cutis 72:432-437, 2003; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.46-47, 1998; Rook p.3194, 1998, Sixth Edition; JAAD 32:912-914, 1995; J Urol 127:547-549, 1982; Int J Derm 9:293-300, 1970 Ulcerative colitis Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 78:13030-1306, 1981

Calciphylaxis Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum JAAD 49:921-924, 2003; BJD 135:154-155, 1996

Basal cell carcinoma Cutis 61:25-27, 1998 Erythroplasia of Queyrat Kaposi’s sarcoma JAAD 27:267, 1992 Keratoacanthoma – ulcerated nodule JAAD 15:1079-1082, 1986 Leukemia cutis Leukemia – chronic lymphocytic leukemia with ulcerative balanoposthitis of the foreskin Urology 56:669, 2000 Lymphoma – primary anaplastic lymphoma Genitourin Med 73:325, 1997; J Urol 153:1051-1052, 1995; Hodgkin’s disease Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.86, 1998; primary CD30 + lymphoma BJD 149:903-905, 2003

Metastatases – metastatic male breast carcinoma JAAD 38:995-996, 1998 Porokeratosis of Mibelli – erosive balanitis JAAD 36:479-481, 1997 Squamous cell carcinoma Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.83, 1998; JAAD 37:1-24, 1997

Acute parapsoriasis (pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta) (Mucha-Habermann disease) AD 123:1335-1339, 1987; AD 118:478, 1982 Balanitis xerotica obliterans JAAD 37:1-24, 1997 Hailey-Hailey disease Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.68, 1998 Keratosis lichenoides chronica JAAD 49:511-513, 2003 Lichen planus – erosive lesions Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.48, 1998; Rook p.3183-3184, 1998, Sixth Edition Pilonidal sinus

Factitial dermatitis Rook p.3182, 1998, Sixth Edition

Behçet’s disease JAAD 51:S83-87, 2004; Acta DV 54:299-301, 1974 Degos’ disease (malignant atrophic papulosis) BJD 143:1320-1322, 2002 Hypereosinophilic syndrome JAMA 247:1018-1020, 1982 MAGIC syndrome – combination of relapsing polychondritis and Behçet’s syndrome AD 126:940-944, 1990 Reiter’s syndrome – moist red erosion in uncircumcised males Cutis 71:198-200, 2003; Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby p.51-52, 1998; Rook p.2767, 1998; Semin Arthritis Rheum 3:253-286, 1974

Condom catheter – gangrene of glans or shaft of penis JAMA 244:1238, 1980 Friction Genital Skin Disorders, Fisher and Margesson, CV Mosby p.8, 1998 Human bite Sex Transm Dis 26:527-530, 1999 Intravenous drug addiction (heroin ulcer) – dorsal vein of penis Genital Skin Disorders, Mosby p.8, 1998; Cutis 29:62-72, 1981; heroin ulcer AD 107:121-122, 1973 Longitudinal cleavage of the penis – catheter complication Int Urol Nephrol 21:313-316, 1989 Mechanical trauma including zipper trauma; penile metallic ring leading to strangulation Hinyokika Kiyo 39:1179-1181, 1993 Negative pressure device for erectile impotence J Urol 146:1618-1619, 1991 Persistent penile painful fissure Genital Skin Disorders, Mosby p.9, 1998 Physical trauma Postoperative hyperemia of the glans penis with ulcers following revascularization surgery for vascular impotence Dermatology 184:291-293, 1992

Pressure necrosis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby p.63, 1998 Radiation dermatitis

Cholesterol emboli BJD 150:1230-1232, 2004 Sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis Wegener’s granulomatosis – necrotic penile ulcers Clin Rheumatol 17:239-241, 1998; JAAD 31:605-612, 1994; AD 130:1311-1316, 1994

Allergic contact dermatitis – antipruritics, neomycin, caines, quinolones, lanolin, ethylenediamine Acta DV (Stockh) 60:245-249, 1980; Am J Contact Dermat 10:43-44, 1999; Contact Dermatitis 36:173-174, 1997; or irritant contact dermatitis – liquid stools J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 23:174-177, 1996; exogenous agents Cicatricial pemphigoid, drug-induced BJD 102:715-718, 1980 Dermatitis herpetiformis Dermatomyositis Linear IgA disease (chronic bullous disease of childhood) – intertriginous and perigenital JAAD 51:95-98, 2004 Lupus erythematosus – systemic lupus – perianal erythema BJD 121:727-741, 1989; discoid lupus erythematosus; perianal erythema Rook p.2449, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD 118:55-56, 1982 Pemphigoid vegetans – perianal hypertrophic plaques Acta DV 64:450-452, 1984 Pemphigus vegetans – perianal hypertrophic plaques Dermatol Clinics 11:429-452, 1993

Fixed drug eruption Imiquimod

Caffeine Danthron (laxative) – irritant contact dermatitis; livedoid pattern Clin Exp Dermatol 9:95-96, 1984 Poison ivy oral desensitization

Actinomycosis – perianal hypertrophic plaques Ann DV 109:789-790, 1982 Amebic granuloma – perianal hypertrophic plaques; Entamoeba histolytica; protozoan; common sites are anus and buttocks, penis, and face; ulcer or granuloma; painful ulcer with raised thick borders and undermined edge with purulent exudate; diagnose by repeat stool examinations Bacterial infection in immunosuppressed patients Bejel – perianal hypertrophic plaques Coxsackie group A infection

Candidiasis Int J Derm 38:618-622, 1999; perianal hypertrophic plaques Chancroid – perianal hypertrophic plaques; perianal fissuring; Haemophilus ducreyi; Gram-negative facultative anaerobe; incubation period is 3-7 days; soft papule with surrounding erythema progresses to pustular, eroded, ulcerative lesion with ragged and undermined edges; exudative; tender, painful, and multiple; bubo in 50% which may rupture; clinical variants: giant chancroid, large serpiginous ulcer, phagedenic chancroid, transient, follicular, papular (resembles condyloma latum) Condylomata acuminata – perianal hypertrophic plaques Ped Derm 20:440-442, 2003; Rook p.3175, 1998, Sixth Edition; BJD 128:575-577, 1993 Coxsackie A – papular perianal dermatitis Rook p.3171, 1998, Sixth Edition Cryptococcosis – perianal hypertrophic plaques Cutaneous larva migrans Dermatophyte infection Enterobiasis (Enterobius vermicularis) (pinworm) – anal and perineal pruritus and dermatitis Rook p.1390, 1998, Sixth Edition; Am Fam Phys 38:159-164, 1988 Erythrasma Filariasis – perianal hypertrophic plaques Gonococcal infection – perianal fissuring; perianal hypertrophic plaques Granuloma inguinale (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis) – ulcerated papule; perianal hypertrophic, sclerotic, or phagedenic plaques; intracellular Gram-negative rod; primary lesion is papule, nodule or ulcer; nodular variety ulcerates into red granulating surface; ulcerovegetative; hypertrophic, cicatricial; superinfection with fusospirochetees gives necrotic lesions with massive destruction; extragenital lesions around eye, axilla, oral mucosa, GI tract, and bone Rook p.1072,3176, 1998, Sixth Edition Herpes simplex virus – chronic; perianal hypertrophic plaques Herpes zoster Acta DV (Stock) 63:540-543, 1983; BJD 89:285-288, 1973 Histoplasmosis – perianal hypertrophic plaques Lymphogranuloma venereum (Chlamydia trachomatis serovariant L1) – perianal fissuring Clin Inf Dis 20:576-581, 1995; vegetating plaques Rook p.3175, 1998, Sixth Edition Malacoplakia – perianal hypertrophic plaques JAAD 34:325-332, 1996 Molluscum contagiosum – surrounding dermatitis Mycetoma – perianal hypertrophic plaques Mycobacterium tuberculosis – acid-fast, weakly Gram-positive non-motile rod; lupus vulgaris mimicking lichen simplex chronicus J Dermatol 28:369-372, 2001; tuberculosis verrucosa cutis – perianal fissuring; perianal hypertrophic plaques; solitary plaque Orf – papules and plaques JAAD 11:72-74, 1984 Paracoccidioidomycosis – perianal red plaques BJD 143:188-191, 2000 Perianal hypertrophic plaques Cutis 54:341-342, 1994 Pinworm (oxyuriasis) – urticaria, pruritus J Dermatol 21:527-528, 1994 Recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema – associated with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis AD 132:57-60, 1996; JAAD 39:383-398, 1998 Rhinosporidiosis – perianal hypertrophic plaques Scarlet fever Schistosomal granuloma – perianal papules AD 138:1245-1250, 2002; pruritic perianal papules Br J Vener Dis 55:446-449, 1979; perianal hypertrophic plaques; perianal fissuring; paragenital

granulomas due to Schistosoma haematobium; communicating sinuses and fistulae Br J Vener Dis 55:446-449, 1979 Staphyococcus aureus – perianal dermatitis Ped Derm 10:297-298, 1993; staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Strongyloidiasis – larva currens Streptococcal perianal cellulitis – perianal erythema AD 141:790-792, 2005; Cutis 68:183-184, 2001; JAAD 42:885-887, 2000; Clin Pediatr (Phila) 39:500, 2000; NEJM 342:1877, 2000; Ped Derm 16:23-24, 1999; perianal streptococcal dermatitis in children AD 134:1147, 1150, 1998; Ped Derm 7:97-100, 1990; AD 124:702-704, 1988; in adults BJD 135:796-798, 1996 Syphilis – condylomata lata NEJM 352:708, 2005; ; perianal hypertrophic plaques; annular verrucous perianal dermatitis in secondary syphilis BJD 152:1343-1345, 2005 Tinea cruris Vaccinia Ann DV 105:339-341, 1979 Warts (human papilloma virus) Yaws – perianal hypertrophic plaques

Amyloidosis – pigmented macules and glossy hyperkeratotic lesions fanning out from anus Jpn J Dermatol 91:398-443, 1981; tumid amyloidosis – perianal hypertrophic plaques AD 102:8-19, 1970 Langerhans cell histiocytosis Curr Prob Derm VI Jan/Feb 1994; Clin Exp Derm 11:183-187, 1986; JAAD 13:481-496, 1985; eosinophilic granuloma – dermatitis and/or perianal fissuring Obstet Gynecol 67 (Suppl): 46s-49s, 1986 Lipoid proteinosis – perianal hypertrophic plaques

Crohn’s disease (contiguous extension) – dermatitis and/or perianal fissuring, edema, inflammation, edematous skin tags; perianal hypertrophic plaques; non-specific cutaneous lesions include pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, aphthous ulcers, signs of malnutrition, and pyostomatitis vegetans; specific lesions include metastatic granulomata, perianal papules or ulcers, sinus tracts J R Soc Med 75:414-417, 1982; JAAD 5:689-695, 1981 Diverticulitis Rook p.3175, 1998, Sixth Edition Hidradenitis suppurativa Hirschsprung disease Ann DV 123:549-551, 1996 Sarcoidosis – perianal hypertrophic plaques Ulcerative colitis – perianal hypertrophic plaques Rook p.3175, 1998, Sixth Edition

Acrodermatitis enteropathica (zinc deficiency) Hyperhidrosis Vitamin B6 deficiency Clinics in Derm 17:457-461, 1999; JAAD 43:1-16, 2000

Anorectal carcinoma – abscess-like Rook p.3175, 1998, Sixth Edition Basal cell carcinoma Rook p.3180, 1998, Sixth Edition

Bowen’s disease – perianal hypertrophic plaques Rook p.3180, 1998, Sixth Edition Bowenoid papulosis – HPV 16; perianal hypertrophic plaques AD 125:651-654, 1989 Epidermal nevi – perianal hypertrophic plaques Extramammary Paget’s disease Br J Surg 75:1098-1092, 1988; JAAD 13:1009-1014, 1985; AD 115:706-708, 1979; Can Med Assoc J 118:161-162, 1978; BJD 85:476-480, 1971; underlying adnexal carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the rectum, cervix, or breast AD 123:379-382, 1987 ILVEN (inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus) Intraepithelial neoplasia, anal – perianal hyperpigmented patches, white and/or red plaques JAAD 52:603-608, 2005 Kaposi’s sarcoma Am J Surg 160:681-682, 1990 Leukoplakia Lymphoma – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Dermatology 190:313-316, 1995 Melanoma Porokeratosis – perianal inflammatory verrucous porokeratosis (porokeratosis ptychotropica) BJD 140:553-555, 1999 Seborrheic keratoses Squamous cell carcinoma – perianal hypertrophic plaques anorectal carcinoma (abscess-like); perianal erythema – squamous cell carcinoma in situ AD 137:14-16, 2001 Syringomas – milia-like syringomas Dermatology 191:249-251, 1995 Verrucous carcinoma (giant condylomata of Buschke and Lowenstein) – perianal hypertrophic plaques

Acanthosis nigricans – perianal verrucous plaques BJD 153:667-668, 2005 Dermatomyositis with epidermal necrosis Glucagonoma syndrome – alpha cell tumor of the pancreas; 50% of cases have metastasized by the time of diagnosis; periorificial dermatitis, including perianal dermatitis, angular stomatitis, cheilosis, beefy red glossitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, alopecia, crumbling nails; rarely, associated with MEN I or IIA syndromes AD 133:909-912, 1997; JAAD 12:1032-1039, 1985; Ann Intern Med 91:213-215, 1979 Nummular dermatitis – chronic and resistant to therapy Paraneoplastic annular erythema – associated with colon cancer

Erythema of Jacquet – erosive diaper dermatitis Ped Derm 15:46-47, 1998 Fox-Fordyce disease Rook p.2002, 1998, Sixth Edition Granuloma gluteale infantum – perianal hypertrophic plaques; in adults due to incontinence AD 114:382-383, 1978 Infantile systemic hyalinosis – perianal hypertrophic plaques Ped Derm 11:52-60, 1994 Intertrigo Lichen planus – perianal hypertrophic plaques Rook p.3170, 1998, Sixth Edition

Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus AD 134:1118-1120, 1998; perianal hypertrophic plaques Rook p.2549-2551, 1998, Sixth Edition; Mod Pathol 11:844-854, 1998 Lichen simplex chronicus Trans St John’s Hosp Dermatol Soc 57:9-30, 1971; perianal hypertrophic plaques Rook p.3168, 1998, Sixth Edition Perianal fissuring, idiopathic Perianal pseudoverrucous papules and nodules in children – perianal hypertrophic plaques; due to leakage of stool and/or urine Cutis 67:335-338, 2001; AD 128:240-242, 1992 Perianal (infantile) pyramidal protrusion – manifestation of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus AD 134:1118-1120, 1998 Pruritis ani Postgrad Med 77:56-59, 62, 65, 1985 Psoriasis – dermatitis and/or perianal fissuring Cutis 50:336-338, 1992; perianal hypertrophic plaques Seborrheic dermatitis – dermatitis and/or perianal fissuring; perianal hypertrophic plaques Seborrhiasis (sebopsoriasis)

Factitial dermatitis

Baboon syndrome – generalized exanthem with accentuation of buttocks, anogenital area, flexures; systemic contact dermatitis to mercury precipitated often by inhalation of mercury vapor Ped Derm 21:250-253, 2004 Behçet’s disease – perianal fissuring Costello syndrome – perianal and vulvar papules; warty papules around nose and mouth, legs, perianal skin; loose skin of neck, hands, and feet; acanthosis nigricans; low set protuberant ears, thick palmoplantar surfaces with single palmar crease, gingival hyperplasia, hypoplastic nails, moderately short stature, craniofacial abnormalities, hyperextensible fingers, sparse curly hair, diffuse hyperpigmentation, generalized hypertrichosis, multiple nevi Ped Derm 20:447-450, 2003; JAAD 32:904-907, 1995; Aust Paediat J 13:114-118, 1977 Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia (dyskeratosis) (Gap junction disease, Witkop disease) – red eyes, non-scarring alopecia, keratosis pilaris, erythema of oral (palate, gingiva) and nasal mucous membranes, cervix, vagina, and urethra; perineal and perigenital psoriasiform dermatitis; perianal hypertrophic plaques; increased risk of infections, fibrocystic lung disease BJD 153:310-318, 2005; Ped Derm 11:133-138, 1994; JAAD 21:351-357, 1989; Am J Hum Genet 31:414-427, 1979; Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 46:645-657, 1978 Kawasaki’s disease – papular or papulovesicular perianal dermatitis, perianal erythema and desquamation JAAD 39:383-398, 1998; AD 124:1805-1810, 1988 Olmsted syndrome – perianal hypertrophic plaques; palmoplantar and periorificial keratoderma of early childhood with alopecia universalis, tooth and nail defects, joint laxity, flexion contractures with constriction or autoamputation BJD 122:245-252, 1990

Hemorrhoids – surrounding dermatitis; erosions

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody syndrome – purpuric vasculitis, orogenital ulceration, fingertip necrosis, pyoderma gangrenosum-like ulcers BJD 134:924-928, 1996 Bullous pemphigoid Cicatricial pemphigoid Rook p.1874-1875, 1998, Sixth Edition; BJD 118:209-217, 1988; Oral Surg 54:656-662, 1982 Pemphigus vulgaris Pemphigus vegetans JAAD 480-485, 1993 Severe combined immunodeficiency in Athabascan American Indian children AD 135:927-931, 1999

Congenital anorectal malformation (with polypoid lesions) AD 123:1278-1279, 1987

Corticosteroids – topical corticosteroid atrophy with ulceration Cutis 69:67-68, 2002 Ergotism Hautarzt 48:199-202, 1997; AD 128:1115-1120, 1992 Nicorandil (potassium channel activator) BJD 152:1360-1361, 2005; BJD 152:809-810, 2005; BJD 150:394-396, 2004 Sweet’s syndrome – red plaques, nasal ulcers, perianal ulcers – celecoxib JAAD 45:300-302, 2001

Irritant contact dermatitis Paraffinoma – injection for hemorrhoids; nodule, plaque, sinus BJD 115:379-381, 1986

Actinomycosis Ann DV 109:789-790, 1982 Amebic ulcers (Entamoeba histolytica) – serpiginous ulcer Ped Derm 10:352-355, 1993; Am J Proctol 17:58-63, 1966 Bacteroides Campylobacter jejuni Candidiasis – erosive candidiasis Cellulitis AD 124:702-704, 1988; streptococcal JAAD 18:586-588, 1988 Chancroid, including phagedenic chancroid (deformity and mutilation) – round or oval ragged undermined ulcer with satellite ulcers Int J STD AIDS 8:585-588, 1997; JAAD 19:330-337, 1988 Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum serovariant L1 – anal fissures Clin Inf Dis 20:576-581, 1995 Clostridial and non-clostridial gangrene Surgery 86:655-662, 1979 Cytomegalovirus AD 140:877-882, 2004; Tyring p.315, 2002; Cutis 67:43-46, 2001; Am J Clin Path 47:124-128, 1967; JAAD 38:349-351, 1998 Ecthyma gangrenosum Am J Med 80:729-734, 1986; due to Citrobacter freundii JAAD 50:S114-117, 2004

Fournier’s gangrene Rook p.3176, 1998, Sixth Edition Gonorrhea with rectal discharge – round or oval ulcers Rook p.1140,3174, 1998, Sixth Edition; perianal fissuring Granuloma inguinale (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis) – papule or nodule breaks down to form ulcer with overhanging edge; deep extension may occur; or serpiginous extension with vegetative hyperplasia; pubis, genitalia, perineum; extragenital lesions of nose and lips, or extremities JAAD 32:153-154, 1995; JAAD 11:433-437, 1984 Herpes simplex infection Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby, 1998, p.132; J Clin Microbiol 36:848-849, 1998 Herpes zoster Acta DV (Stock) 63:540-543, 1983; BJD 89:285-288, 1973 Histoplasmosis Mayo Clinic Proc 67:1089-1108, 1992 HIV disease – idiopathic perianal ulcer Dis Colon Rectum 42:1598-1601, 1999 Klebsiella pneumoniae – necrotizing fasciitis Indian J Pediatr 64:116-118, 1997 Leishmaniasis AD 141:1161-1166, 2005 Meleney’s synergistic gangrene (synergistic necrotizing gangrene) Rook p.2266, 1998, Sixth Edition; Surgery 86:655-662, 1979; Arch Surg 9:317-364, 1924 Mycobacterium kansasii JAAD 18:1146-1147, 1988 Mycobacterium tuberculosis – primary TB – indolent, irregular painful ulcers BJD 142:186-187, 2000; fistulae, abscesses; lupus vulgaris, verrucous TB Prensa Med Argent 56:622-623, 1969; tuberculosis cutis orificialis (acute tuberculous ulcer) Dis Colon Rectum 42:110-112, 1999; J R Soc Med 89:584, 1996; Dis Colon Rectum 23:54-55, 1980 Necrotizing anorectal and perineal infections – Clostridium perfringens, other clostridia, aerobic and anaerobic streptococci, Pseudomonas species Rook p.3177, 1998, Sixth Edition; J Urol 124:431-432, 1980 Orf JAAD 11:72-74, 1984 Paracoccidioidomycosis J Clin Inf Dis 23:1026-1032, 1996 Perirectal abscess Pseudomonas sepsis in infants – perineal gangrenous changes (noma neonatorum) Lancet 2:289-291, 1978 Schistosoma haematobium Streptococcus – cellulitis; group B streptococcal disease – decubitus ulcers Clin Inf Dis 33:556-561, 2001 Syphilis – primary chancre – ulcerated nodule, anal fissure Rook p.1241-1243, 1998, Sixth Edition; Proc R Soc Med 49:629-631, 1966; secondary (condyloma lata), endemic (bejel); perianal rhagades in congenital syphilis Ped Derm 9:329-334, 1992; tertiary (gummas) Genitourin Med 65:1-3, 1989

Langerhans cell histiocytosis – childhood Acta DV 80:49-51, 2000; adult AD 129:1261-1264, 1993; Dermatologica 155:283-291, 1977; eosinophilic granuloma AD 141:1161-1166, 2005

Crohn’s disease JAAD 10:33-38, 1984; J R Soc Med 75:414-417, 1982; JAAD 5:689-695, 1981 Erythema multiforme, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby, 1998, p.183; Rook p.3179, 1998, Sixth Edition

Hidradenitis suppurativa Malakoplakia JAAD 34:325-332, 1996 Perianal fissures, idiopathic Rook p.3173, 1998, Sixth Edition Pilonidal sinus tracts Pyoderma fistulans sinifica (fox den disease) Clin Inf Dis 21:162-170, 1995 Pyoderma gangrenosum of adults or infants Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology, p.171, 2001; Ped Derm 11:10-17, 1994 Sterile abscesses Toxic epidermal necrolysis Genital Skin Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, CV Mosby, 1998, p.184