ABSTRACT
In this chapter some of the basic definitions used in optics are presented, followed by an in-depth theoretical description of the electromagnetic theory; how electromagnetic waves are generated, what laws they obey, and the different classifications of electromagnetic waves from television waves to gamma radiation. The general area of optics in the visible light spectrum is covered, and the sources of electromagnetic radiation are discussed. In addition, the rules that were developed over the centuries regarding the modeling of light and image formation are presented and explained. The quantum theory of light is outlined, followed by several theories regarding absorption and how to model light scattering. At the end of this chapter follows a compendium of the common terms and definitions in the arena of optics principles.
