ABSTRACT
Bound Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 5.3 Further Connections and Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
5.3.1 Ultracold Molecular Ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 5.3.2 Tests of Fundamental Physical Constants and Symmetries . . . . . . . . 209 5.3.3 Quantum Computing with Ultracold Polar Molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 5.3.4 Ultracold Collisions and Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 5.3.5 Final Speculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
There are two basic approaches to forming ensembles of molecules with cold and ultracold translational temperatures (below 1K and 1mK, respectively): (1) cooling warmer molecules directly and (2) cooling ensembles of atoms to cold and ultracold translational temperature, followed by association of these atoms intomoleculeswithout significant heating. The former approach includes many specific strategies, such as helium buffer gas cooling (more generally “sympathetic cooling”) as described in Chapter 13 by Campbell and Doyle, and electric dipole deceleration (more generally magnetic dipole and polarizability deceleration) as described in Chapter 14 by van de Meerakker, Bethlem, and Meijer. Other possible strategies are discussed there and elsewhere [1,2].
