ABSTRACT
Glutamine is considered to be a nonessential amino acid because it is made by the body. As a result, a dietary source is not absolutely required and there is no recommended daily intake of glutamine. Glutamine has multiple functions in the body: (1) acting as a carrier of excess nitrogen produced during
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 25 2.2 Glutamine ....................................................................................................................................... 25
2.2.1 Glutamine and Gut ............................................................................................................ 26 2.2.2 Glutamine and Muscle ....................................................................................................... 26 2.2.3 Glutamine and Immune Function ..................................................................................... 26
2.3 Taurine ........................................................................................................................................... 27 2.3.1 Taurine and Infants ............................................................................................................ 27 2.3.2 Taurine and Fat Absorption ............................................................................................... 28 2.3.3 Taurine and Diabetes ......................................................................................................... 28 2.3.4 Taurine and Muscle ........................................................................................................... 28 2.3.5 Taurine and Immune Function .......................................................................................... 29
2.4 Analysis of Taurine and Free Glutamine ....................................................................................... 29 2.5 Sample Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 29 2.6 Quanti‚cation of Taurine and Glutamine ...................................................................................... 30
2.6.1 Chromatography .................................................................................................................31 2.6.2 Capillary Electrophoresis ...................................................................................................31 2.6.3 Mass Spectrometry ............................................................................................................ 32 2.6.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ............................................................................................ 32
2.7 Analysis of Protein-Bound Glutamine ........................................................................................... 32 2.8 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 33 References ................................................................................................................................................ 34
metabolism of amino acids; (2) as a respiratory substrate for energy production in rapidly dividing cells; (3) as a precursor for nucleotides; and (4) for protein synthesis (Young and Ajami, 2001; Duggan et al., 2002; Newsholme et al., 2003). In certain situations, such as stress, illness, or after intense exercise, there may be insuf‚cient glutamine and having a higher dietary intake of glutamine can be bene‚cial (Lacey and Wilmore, 1990). There are no adverse effects for intakes of glutamine up to 14 g/day (Shao and Hathcock, 2008).
