ABSTRACT
Fruits and seeds are keys for plant propagation and survival. Seed production requires a high energetic investment, and the factors that act during this period are critical in plant life history and evolution. Seed consumption by insects is essential since seeds are rich sources of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids and supply more nutrients than any other part of the plant. Some insects cause adverse effects since they can consume seeds intensely, thus limiting the seed supply and viability. However, effects can also be indirect, such as reducing seedling quality or causing signs of damage, resulting in rejection of fruit and/ or seed by dispersal agents.
