ABSTRACT
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the incidence of cancer continues to increase. The clinical treatment outcome for a cancer patient highly relies on the stage at which the cancer is diagnosed, and therefore, the early diagnosis and effective treatment against it are critical to increasing the survival rate. Traditional cancer diagnostic methods, such as various medical imaging techniques (e.g., computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) [1,2], are not sensitive enough for the early cancer detection and also lack the ability to predict the patient’s response to the treatment. In addition, those tests are costly and time consuming, which limits their applications in mass screening for large population.
