ABSTRACT
Spatial information or geo-referenced information has widespread applications in science, the economy, the environment, and spatial problem solving, making it an essential part of the infrastructure of modern society. Spatial information technology, such as the global positioning system (GPS), remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS), is becoming increasingly sophisticated and integrated, contributing to the proliferation of spatial data and information products. These have provided important impetuses for fundamental research that drafts the roadmap toward sustainable developments in geospatial science and technology.
