ABSTRACT

The history of manufacturing involving high heat and refractory technology began with the discovery of “re. Nature provided the “rst refractory materials as crucibles of rock where metals were softened and shaped into primitive tools. Refractory can now be seen in everyday life such as in a “replace as shown in

customized, high-temperature ceramics designed to withstand the destructive and extreme service conditions needed to manufacture chemicals, cement, glass, metals, petroleum, and other essentials of contemporary life.1