ABSTRACT
Conservative treatment may be effective in mild cases, with measures such as elevation and elastic support. For larger or more symptomatic lesions, embolization techniques can be highly effective. Since these are by definition venous lesions, embolizing the arterial supply to the area is generally ineffective. Direct injection of sclerosing agents is the mainstay of treatment, using agents such as ethanol and sodium tetradecyl sulfate (Sotradecol). These agents cause thrombosis of the venous spaces, followed by an inflammatory reaction, and finally shrinkage and fibrosis. While multiple treatments may be required, clinical improvement or resolution of symptoms can be achieved in most patients.
