ABSTRACT
Ultrasonic cleaning is a widely applied technology and has been used in a variety of marketplaces for many decades. A typical ultrasonic cleaning vessel is essentially a simple device, consisting of a stainless steel tank to which are coupled one or more ultrasound sources, operating in the kHz to MHz frequency ranges. When energized, these transducers generate su£cient acoustic pressures to cause cavitation to occur in the ¯uid contained within the tank, and it is this phenomenon that is responsible for the cleaning process.
