ABSTRACT
I. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 2 II. Common Detergent Ingredients ................................................................................ 4
A. Surfactants ..................................................................................................... 4 B. Dispersing Polymers ..................................................................................... 4 C. Builders and Chelants ................................................................................... 8 D. Bleaching Systems ........................................................................................ 9 E. Solvents ....................................................................................................... 10 F. Performance Enhancing Minor Ingredients................................................ 11
III. Representative Detergent Formulations ................................................................. 13 A. Laundry Detergent Formulations ................................................................ 13 B. Dishwash Detergent Formulations.............................................................. 13 C. Hard Surface Cleaning Formulations ......................................................... 13 D Personal Care Detergent Formulations ....................................................... 13 E Oral Care Detergent Formulations.............................................................. 13 F. Agricultural Detergent Formulations .......................................................... 13 G. Automobile Detergent Formulations........................................................... 13 H. Detergent Formulations for Cleaning Food Processing Equipment .......... 14 I. Detergent Formulations for Metal Component Cleaning........................... 15
IV. Detergency Theory and Mechanisms...................................................................... 15 A. Removal Mechanisms ................................................................................. 19 B. Suspension Mechanisms ............................................................................. 23
Acknowledgments............................................................................................................. 24 References ......................................................................................................................... 25
2 Showell
I. INTRODUCTION
Generally, the term “detergents” is applied to materials and/or products that provide the following functions:
1. Promote removal of material from a surface, e.g., soil from a fabric, food from a dish, or soap scum from a hard surface;
2. Disperse and stabilize materials in a bulk matrix, e.g., suspension of oil droplets in a mobile phase like water.
