ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION Detergents are designed to remove the soils and stains from whatever sub strates they clean be it clothes, hair, or a hard surface. For example, the laun dering of clothes leaves them clean, but with a harsh feel and a slightly elevated pH. This phenomenon is exaggerated further when high-caustic in dustrial and institutional (I&I) detergents are used. The washed garments are also prone to collect static electricity, particularly if dried in an electric tumble dryer. These side effects of the cleaning process are very undesirable to the consumer. Fabric softeners are specialty surfactants used to improve the fabric feel or handling and to impart a pleasant smell to the laundry after washing [1]. Household fabric softeners were first introduced on the U.S. market in the midto late 1950s and were launched in Europe and Japan starting in the 1960s by detergent manufacturers.
