ABSTRACT
Section 7. Design Details: This section of both ASD and LRFD specifies that standard holes may be used for any application but stipulates the conditions under which oversize, short slotted, and long slotted holes may be used and details how they are to be used when their use is permitted. The section also stipulates the conditions under which hardened washers must be used and where they must be located to prevent galling of surface of softer connected material (which would cause high and misleading installation torques). Special attention is given to the use of special 5/16 in. plate washers or continuous bars with standard holes to completely cover long slotted holes and "bridge the gap" when they occur in an outer ply.
